【考研类试卷】考博英语-98及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-98 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the oldest continuous government in the world, and the reason is that its people have always been willing to accommodate the

2、mselves to change. It should be realized, however, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by government before they came to learn that they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus

3、, although early statesmen strongly believed in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then, government has broadened its activities in many ways including preventing monopolies from taking over the economy. Inc

4、reased growth by acquisition by our largest corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these vast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an increase in the number of much smaller and less powerful compa

5、nies that operate under their control, foretells the creation of monopolylike structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acqu

6、isition was to transfer control and management of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the acquired companies operated less efficiently after acquisition. Americans hold with Lincoln that “the legitimate object of government is to do

7、 for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities.“ Clearly merger restriction is one example of legitimate government intervention.（分数：25.00）(1).It is implied that the main quality of the

8、 United States stressed is its _.（分数：5.00）A.youthB.shared wealthC.trial and errorD.flexibility(2).The term “general good“ (Line 5, Para. 1) refers to _.（分数：5.00）A.efficient practicesB.ethical practicesC.common well-beingD.profitable decisions(3).The creation of U.S. post office monopoly is cited as

9、an example of a _.（分数：5.00）A.replacement of the existing economic orderB.restraint of unprincipled businessmenC.flexible view of governmentD.system of shared profits(4).From the text we learn that when mergers occurred, the added companies had _.（分数：5.00）A.low profitability ratiosB.management diffic

10、ultiesC.poor productivityD.achieved success(5).The author“s view of mergers is _.（分数：5.00）A.criticalB.cautiousC.qualifiedD.favorable三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have look

11、ed for adventurethose who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would cons

12、ider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is esti

13、mated that two million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some

14、 psychologists suggest that it is because life in modem societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people“s lives were constantly under threat. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according t

15、o many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe environment; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to seek danger in activities such as bungee jumping.（分数：25.00）

16、(1).A suitable title for the passage is _.（分数：6.25）A.Dangerous Sports: What and Why?B.The Boredom of Modem LifeC.Bungee Jumping: Is It Really Dangerous?D.The Need for Excitement(2).More and more people today _.（分数：6.25）A.are trying activities such as bungee jumpingB.are climbing the highest mountain

17、sC.are close to death in sportsD.are looking for adventures such as exploring unknown places(3).People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because _.（分数：6.25）A.they have a lot of free timeB.they can go to hospital if they are injuredC.their lives lack excitementD.they no longer need to h

18、unt for food(4).The writer of the passage has a (n) _ attitude towards dangerous sports.（分数：6.25）A.positiveB.negativeC.objectiveD.subjective四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really m

19、ean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society. Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and yo

20、u can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master“s degree, make sure it is an MBA, and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of d

21、iminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930. A Ph.D is the highest degree you can get, b

22、ut except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a d

23、octor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages orworst of allin philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting o

24、n tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to t

25、he gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _.（分数：6.25）A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take care of themselvesD.can

26、meet the demands as a source of manpower(2).Many Ph.Ds are out of job because _.（分数：6.25）A.they are wrongly educatedB.they are of little commercial value to the societyC.there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD.they prefer easy jobs to more money(3).The nation is only interested in people _.（分数：6.25）A.

27、with diplomasB.specialized in physics and chemistryC.valuable to the gross national productD.both A and C(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：6.25）A.Bernard Shaw didn“t finish high school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before going for a master“s degree.C.The higher your educationa

28、l level, the more money you will earn.D.If you are too well educated, you“ll make things difficult for the society.五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes it“s just an invente

29、d excuse when you“re late for something or a pretence that you like someone you don“t. These white lies don“t usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, on the whole, they“re easily forgiven. What you describe is

30、 a habit of lying that is more serious than this. I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that t

31、hey are pretty worthless. In other words, they create a false picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them, and as you say, that causes problemssince they have to keep living up to that image. At the same time, they have to tell further li

32、e to cover the stories they have already told. According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth. I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give

33、yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try it again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. Don“t make a promise to yourself that you will never li

34、e again because almost certainly you willit“s too much to take on at once. Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets. After a while, you“ll wonder why you ever had the problem at all.（分数：25.00）(1).This passage is a reply to someone who _.（分数：6.25）A.keeps a habit o

35、f lying for vain reasonsB.works hard to meet others“ expectationsC.does not know the truth about himself and is too sure of himselfD.does not know how to make a realistic plan for himself(2).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：6.25）A.White lies often cause embarras

36、sment in social situations.B.It is important for women to have an adequate sense of self-worth.C.It takes a little time to get rid of your habit.D.Take exercise like running if you are free and keep it up.(3).The expression “living up to“ in the second paragraph can best be replaced by _.（分数：6.25）A.

37、growing up withB.living withC.seekingD.sticking to(4).In the last paragraph the writer implies that _.（分数：6.25）A.you will solve the problem with patience and a strong willB.you must be hard on yourself to accomplish somethingC.your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promisesD.you must

38、set different targets at different stages of your life考博英语-98 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the oldest continuous government in the world, and the reason is that i

39、ts people have always been willing to accommodate themselves to change. It should be realized, however, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by government before they came to learn that they must serve the ge

40、neral good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus, although early statesmen strongly believed in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then, government has broadened its activities in many ways including pr

41、eventing monopolies from taking over the economy. Increased growth by acquisition by our largest corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these vast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an increase

42、in the number of much smaller and less powerful companies that operate under their control, foretells the creation of monopolylike structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful befo

43、re acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acquisition was to transfer control and management of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the acquired companies operated less efficiently after acquisition. Americans hold with Linco

44、ln that “the legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities.“ Clearly merger restriction is one example of legitimate government intervention.（分数

45、：25.00）(1).It is implied that the main quality of the United States stressed is its _.（分数：5.00）A.youthB.shared wealthC.trial and errorD.flexibility 解析：解析 从文章的首句可知，美国政府之所以几乎是世界上连续执政时间最长的政府，其原因在于美国人民总是愿意适应变化，据此可推知，D 项为正确答案。(2).The term “general good“ (Line 5, Para. 1) refers to _.（分数：5.00）A.efficient

46、practicesB.ethical practicesC.common well-being D.profitable decisions解析：解析 本题的依据是原文的 they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests，根据后续提示可知，general good 的词义一定与 their economic interests相反。因此 C项为正确答案。(3).The creation of U.S. post office monopoly is cited as an example of a _.（

47、分数：5.00）A.replacement of the existing economic orderB.restraint of unprincipled businessmen C.flexible view of governmentD.system of shared profits解析：解析 本题考查逻辑关系。可以通过关联词语判定，该例前有 thus，说明是承接上文。上文讲的是美国乐于适应变化。据此推断，举出该例是为了说明政府自由的观念。(4).From the text we learn that when mergers occurred, the added companie

48、s had _.（分数：5.00）A.low profitability ratiosB.management difficultiesC.poor productivityD.achieved success 解析：解析 本题的依据是原文的 In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition，从中可知，被合并的公司在收购前是运作成功的。(5).The autho

49、r“s view of mergers is _.（分数：5.00）A.critical B.cautiousC.qualifiedD.favorable解析：解析 从本文的第 2段可知，作者先后指出，最大型企业的收购带来的最终结果是经济巨头垄断美国经济，而且收购后的公司运作效率不如以前，可见作者对合并持批判态度。三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventurethose who have climbed the highest mountains, explored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans.