【考研类试卷】考博英语-478及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-478 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.The assassin hid himself carefully from view before _ his future victim.（分数：1.00）A.drawing fromB.drawing upC.drawing withD.drawing on2.He never exerts himself to aid those trying to _ a difficult situat

2、ion.（分数：1.00）A.rectifyB.modifyC.solidifyD.verify3.it is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is _ to teacher-training.（分数：1.00）A.indispensableB.inviolateC.indisposedD.invariable4.Over-taxation, many argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may act

3、ually _.（分数：1.00）A.mushroomB.capsizeC.shrinkD.dispel5.The announcement of the death of their leader caused thereafter a feeling of great despair to _ their lives.（分数：1.00）A.overflowB.scatterC.permeateD.manipulate6.During the oil crisis of the 1970s, many states _ speed limits to reduce gasoline use.

4、（分数：1.00）A.implantedB.imposedC.impairedD.impressed7.Fear of pirate _ led the French to fortify their coastline.（分数：1.00）A.excursionsB.incursionsC.transmigrationsD.transmogrifications8.His alibi was fishy, yet _ to close scrutiny.（分数：1.00）A.stood stillB.withstoodC.stood upD.stood off9.Practitioners o

5、f law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that _ depends on profession or title.（分数：1.00）A.prestigeB.superiorityC.privilegeD.merit10.With her last child having left home, she felt a _ need to fill her time.（分数：1.00）A.tenseB.thoroughC.pressingD.small三、Section B(总题数：10，

6、分数：10.00)11.Death ensued as a result of suffocation.（分数：1.00）A.heart failureB.an accidentC.diseaseD.asphyxiation12.I could never spend the time that he does pouring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.（分数：1.00）A.delicateB.incomprehensibleC.meaninglessD.complica

7、ted13.Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for was in any way kin.（分数：1.00）A.speaking forB.running risks forC.pleading forD.mourning for14.My attention was engaged by the articles caption.（分数：1.00）A.graphB.authorC.contentsD.title15.In England, Latin appears ne

8、ver to have superseded the old Gaelic speech among the people.（分数：1.00）A.joinedB.replacedC.influencedD.given way to16.The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradistinction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification.（分数：1.00）A.adjournmentB.distributionC.tablingD.approval17.We must

9、 safeguard against coerced confessions.（分数：1.00）A.bribedB.emotionalC.unprofitableD.forced18.When a newspaper prints an inaccurate date for an event, universal chagrin results.（分数：1.00）A.discomfitureB.amusementC.reprisalD.loss of profit19.Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attemp

10、ts at rescuing the victims.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.hinderedC.nullifiedD.crowned20.The report was unusual in that it insinuated corruption on the part of the minister.A, denied B. suggested C. proposed D. stated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、PART Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.The staff in p

11、ediatrics _ rushed whereas the geriatric ward is not busy at all.（分数：1.00）A.is nearly alwaysB.nearly is alwaysC.always is nearlyD.is always nearly22.In as much as a year does not elapse without a certain number of villagers falling victim to the ferocity of a tiger, its roar is _ heard by the native

12、s _ feelings of terror.（分数：1.00）A.not. withB.not. withoutC.seldom. withD.always. without23.His mother frequently denies him permission to do things, and that is _.（分数：1.00）A.everB.thisC.thatD.over24.Your mentor and friend _ to support me in my financial, undertaking.（分数：1.00）A.have consentedB.has co

13、nsentedC.have been consentingD.are consented25._ , the mayor conceded defeat in his bid for re-election.（分数：1.00）A.Having racked up a lead of some 150000 votesB.Having been racked up a lead of some 150000 votesC.His opponent having racked up a lead of some 150000 votesD.His opponent racking up a lea

14、d of some 150000 votes26._ sugar _ salt is oil water.（分数：1.00）A.Not as. asB.No more than. asC.Not more than. isD.Not more than. as27.Due in large part to the complexity of its structure-over two hundred bones _ together by ligaments-the human skeleton is a marvel of architectural construction.（分数：1.

15、00）A.bindingB.boundC.boundedD.bind28.Never has a scientific explanation emerged, _ someone somewhere has objected to it.（分数：1.00）A.thatB.whichC.whomD.but29.Anais Nins diaries are often scandalous, probably because she describes herself as she is rather than _.（分数：1.00）A.others define herB.as others

16、define herC.her definition by othersD.she is defined by others30.I regret to say that your thesis requires more thinking than _ for the problem is exceedingly complex.（分数：1.00）A.to be put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.have been put in六、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31.Ores which (are occurred) natu

17、rally (as) elements, such as gold (are of) extreme rarity and (are occasionally) of high value.（分数：1.00）A.are occurredB.asC.are ofD.are occasionally32.A rigorous alertness (must be) (adhered) when (notetaking) with the inessential ignored (and) the superfluous eliminated.（分数：1.00）A.must beB.adheredC

18、.notetakingD.and33.(As gentle as possible), and (with help from) an assistant, the veterinarian examined the hippo to determine (if) (she) was pregnant.（分数：1.00）A.As gentle as possibleB.with help fromC.ifD.she34.(Provided) the computer is (given) correct information (to start), accuracy (is) another

19、 outstanding advantage.（分数：1.00）A.ProvidedB.givenC.to startD.is35.Unless (they are so permitted) by the attending (physician), no visitors or relatives (can) enter, the (patients) room（分数：1.00）A.they are so permittedB.physicianC.canD.patients36.And (so early) every morning (therefore), but not befor

20、e the infant (bathed), (did she betake) herself to the outhouse.（分数：1.00）A.so earlyB.thereforeC.bathedD.did she betake37.It is (largely) through perspiration, (or) the evaporation of water (through) the pores, that humans(rid them) of excess moisture.（分数：1.00）A.largelyB.orC.throughD.rid them38.One o

21、f the (more intriguing) theories about the destruction of Ur is his contention that the population (may destroy) their ziggurats and (abandoned) their metropolis in anger against the deities that permitted (so long) a famine.（分数：1.00）A.more intriguingB.may destroyC.abandonedD.so long39.He (stood) on

22、 tiptoe, (stretching) as far as he could, (however), still, he (could not reach) the book.（分数：1.00）A.stoodB.stretchingC.howeverD.could not reach40.In the bush, the ill (took it to be) only logical (if) the one who could dure an illness (should also possess) the ability of causing it, and (that) even

23、 at a distance.（分数：1.00）A.took it to beB.ifC.should also possessD.that七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Researchers disagree whether the “use it or lose it“ philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is one evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related

24、declines.At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner Schaie, have studied 5000 people, some since 1956. People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also fare better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and r

25、educe mental stimulation. Similarly, those lucky enough to be relatively affluent also fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimulating things like travel.Education helps, too, researchers say because of instills the conviction that you can always learn something new. The Schaie

26、-Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriage with a stimulating spouse, they say, helps maintain intellectual vigor.Flexibility counts too. People who stay mentally vibrant are often those who do not insist that “they must do things today as they did before“ Schaie says.

27、 In neuropsychological terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of-mental function. And people satisfied with life also stay more mentally fit, he says.If you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tut

28、orials on inductive reasoning or spatial skills to about 200 people whose skills had declined in the previous 14 years, 40 percent regained lost abilities. That advantage held up seven years late when they were retested.Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie says, are doing jigsaw puzzles to hone visuo-sp

29、atial skills, working crossword puzzles for verbal skills, playing bridge for memory and simply matching wits at home with players on TV game shows.Finally, remember this. Even though you may lose some mental skills with normal aging, you also gain in one key area: wisdom. The growth of wisdom conti

30、nues throughout the 40s, 50s and even 60s.（分数：5.00）(1).In the passage, the author mainly discuss _.（分数：1.00）A.the role mental stimulation in preventing mental aging,B.gradual loss of mental skills with normal aging.C.the relationship between mental function and spatial skills.D.effective ways to kee

31、p intellectual vigor.(2).The word “it“ in the saying “use it or lose it“ (paragraph 1) refer to _.（分数：1.00）A.brain powerB.cognitive developmentC.mental stimulatingD.intellectual function(3).According ;to the researchers, which of the following factors affects cognitive aging?（分数：1.00）A.EducationB.Ch

32、ronic illnessC.Standard of livingD.All of the above(4).From this passage we may safely infer that _ might help prevent mental declines.（分数：1.00）A.physical exercisesB.social interconnectionsC.rigid daily routinesD.a healthy diet(5).According to the author, all of the following can truly be said about

33、 wisdom EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.wisdom may be thought of as a special form of abilities and knowledge completely developed with life experience.B.wisdom may still grow even when the process of mental aging started.C.wisdom is superior in importance to mental skills such as inductive reasoning and s

34、patial skills.D.wisdom makes up an important part of brain power.九、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Generation gaps are nothing new. Imperfect communication between age groups plagued the ancient Greeks and current works alike.Many an older worker chafes at an under-30 colleague who surfs the Internet, lis

35、tens to his Sony Walkman and chats on the phone or with his desk mate, all while working on a project due in an hour.Sometimes, of course, he isnt corking, and thats a whole different issue. But sometimes he is getting lots of great stuff done. In the meantime, the different work styles create a cas

36、e of “Would you please shut up“ vs. “Lighten up. Get a life“Marc Prensky, vice president of Bankers Trust and founder of its interactive learning subsidiary, Corporate Gameware, was on point in Across the board, a publication of the conference board. The business research organization titled Prensky

37、s article “Twitch Speed,“ a reference to the fast pace of video game play.Today under-30 workers likely grew up in a multimedia, technology-rich, twitch-speed environment. Prensky says they simultaneously did homework, watched TV and listened to music; this exposure changed the ways they receive and

38、 process information.Baby boomers and older workers may or may not have done homework by TV, but much else has changed. Sociologists say the over-30s are more likely to want room doors close. TV off, one thing happening at a time, quiet, please!When the two heritages clash in the workplace, it pits

39、comfort with speed and “multitasking“ against comfort with deliberation and focused concentration.Sound familiar? If the gap has become a chasm in your workplace, its time to talk. Both work styles can be productive, but both sides need to make accommodations so the others productivity isnt impaired

40、.（分数：5.00）(1).This passage is mainly talking about _.（分数：1.00）A.generation gapsB.work styles of different age groupsC.lack of mutual understanding between the old and the youngD.imperfect communication between old and young workers(2).From the context we may figure out that the word “plagued“ (parag

41、raph 1 ) means _.（分数：1.00）A.annoyedB.infectedC.damagedD.affected(3).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Older workers often feel annoyed about their young colleagues attitudes towards work.B.Younger workers always do a good job of their work though they prefer to

42、listen to music or chat with others while working.C.The different work styles may sometimes lead to an unnecessary argument.D.Older workers are used to working in a comfortable and quiet environment so that they can fully concentrate on what they are doin(4).The author agrees with Marc Prensky on th

43、e point that younger workers prefer a “multitasking“ style because _.（分数：1.00）A.they are smart and energeticB.they have the special ability to perform several tasks at the same time.C.brought up in a special cultural background, they have developed a behavioral pattern different from that of their o

44、lder colleagues.D.they have been trained to receive and process information in a special way.(5).The author maintains that both sides should _ if the two pattern work styles clash headlong.（分数：1.00）A.be patientB.realize that both work styles are productiveC.make efforts to avoid doing damage to the

45、others productivityD.make compromise to bridge the gulf between them十、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is al

46、ways much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed test, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him

47、or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often g0.ilty of cruelty than those who had not. Every child has aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses and, on the whole, their symbolic

48、verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises form the child having heard the story once. familiarity with the st

49、ory by repetition turns the pain of fear into other pleasure of the fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that faints, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist, and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such peopl