【考研类试卷】考博英语-477及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-477 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Once the novelty of watching TV and videos all day has _, there is nothing to do.（分数：0.50）A.worn awayB.worn downC.worn offD.worn out2.One of the roles which science plays is that of _ superstition.（分数：0.50）A.cover upB.casting ou

2、tC.building upD.fence off3.Some days were better; she would _ on the sofa and talk dreamily about their taking a trip to Norway together.（分数：0.50）A.throw upB.carve upC.clear upD.curl up4.It can cause a hip or wrist _ from a simple fall, and it decreases life expectancy because it is the leading caus

3、e of accidental death in people aged forty-five to seventy-four.（分数：0.50）A.fractionB.segmentC.fragmentD.fracture5.This door was always kept closed so that the strong odors of tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, and leather goods should not _ into the sweet shop.（分数：0.50）A.penetrateB.diffuseC.permeateD.satu

4、rate6.That will not be enough to keep a girl if the man turns out to be money-minded, career obsessed and _ .（分数：0.50）A.pretentiousB.prestigiousC.conscientiousD.luxurious7.He said the _ talks between Britain and America had broken down just before Christmas.（分数：0.50）A.bilateralB.binaryC.biannualD.bi

5、lingual8.He had a reputation for being a bit slow-witted but it didnt _ him in the least.（分数：0.50）A.preventedB.harnessC.fluctuateD.perturb9.Another common _ about older people is that they are too old to learn new skills.（分数：0.50）A.formalitiesB.stereotypeC.conventionD.ideal10._ nutrition can help to

6、 slow the aging process-a balanced, healthy whole food diet is essential.（分数：0.50）A.TransparentB.MelancholyC.OptimalD.Observable11.I dont _ I will take an executive role, but rather become a consultant on merchandise and marketing.（分数：0.50）A.appraiseB.fabricateC.assessD.envisage12.Studies have shown

7、 that smoking is a factor for gastric cancer either by itself, or more _ when in combination with another factor such as coal dust exposure or the consumption of alcohol.（分数：0.50）A.tentativelyB.potentlyC.relentlesslyD.jointly13.“Cold-blooded“ means that the core temperature remains close to the _ te

8、mperature “as it rises and falls.“（分数：0.50）A.amicableB.amiableC.ambientD.ambitious14.In the US, psychologists at a number of universities are making a serious study of how rumors are born, how they _ and how they can finally be killed off.（分数：0.50）A.congregateB.segregateC.aggregateD.propagate15.Anot

9、her hazard was that bottles sometimes fell off the shelves because of _ from above.（分数：0.50）A.vocationB.vibrationC.ventilationD.violation16.These notes, which are relevant to international students, are intended to supplement information given in the Guide and should be read _ the appropriate sectio

10、ns on accommodation, applications, entrance requirements, etc.（分数：0.50）A.in comparison withB.in conjunction withC.in conflict withD.in contrast with17.Even though the Italian authorities may no longer _ any old bank that gets into trouble, the likelihood of government support for big banks has not c

11、hanged enough to affect its ratings.（分数：0.50）A.bail outB.draw outC.hang outD.knock out18.Profitable for 35 _ years, Secom has a 60% share of the domestic market and is also. expanding abroad.（分数：0.50）A.consecutiveB.periodicC.chronologicalD.consequent19.Analytical and quantitative abilities, problem-

12、solving _ and skill in the use of statistical methods and computers are all developed by studying economics-these place graduates at a considerable advantage on the job market.（分数：0.50）A.aptitudeB.amplitudeC.altitudeD.multitude20.The figures show evidence that murders in the nations capital are begi

13、nning to _ .（分数：0.50）A.waste awayB.pass outC.level offD.tie down二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Aristotle was one of those who could found a civilization, and while he thought of education as both a social value and an end in itself, he ascribed its chief importance (21) what might be considered a third

14、 basic concept of education: to train the mind to think, (22) what it is thinking about. The key is not (23) it knows but how it (24) any new fact or argument. “An educated man,“ Aristotle wrote in On the Parts of Animals, “should be able to (25) a fair offhand judgment as to the goodness or badness

15、 of the method used by a professor in his exposition. To be (26) is in fact to be able to do this.“The Aristotle view of education as a (27) has become the conventionally worthy answer today (28) college presidents and other academic leaders are asked what an education should be. An educated man, sa

16、ys Harvard President Bok, (29) a deep breath, must have a “curiosity in (30) the unfamiliar and unexpected, an open-mindedness in entertaining opposing points of view, (31) for the ambiguity that surrounds so many important issues, and a willingness to make the best decision he can in the fact of un

17、certainty and doubt.“This is an approach that appears to (32) more importance to the process of learning (33) to the substance of what is learned. The very old notion of the generalist who could comprehend all subjects has (34) been an impossibility. To make matters (35) more difficult, the fields o

18、f knowledge keep changing.（分数：15.00）A.forB.toC.byD.withA.regardless ofB.in terms ofC.regarding toD.in view ofA.whenB.whatC.howD.thatA.acquiresB.transmitsC.evaluatesD.identifiesA.formB.issueC.reserveD.initiateA.knownB.educatedC.literateD.wiseA.meansB.mediumC.resultD.processA.howeverB.whereverC.whenev

19、erD.thatA.tookB.having takenC.takingD.being takenA.expressingB.exposingC.changingD.exploringA.toleranceB.intoleranceC.coordinationD.indulgenceA.attachB.imposeC.reflectD.payA.butB.thanC.asD.thenA.long beforeB.long sinceC.long afterD.so longA.yetB.thenC.stillD.so三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Se

20、ction A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：3.00)Two travelers engaged in a warm dispute about the color of the Chameleon. One of them affirmed it was blue, that he had seen it with his own eyes upon the naked branch of a tree, feeding on the air in a very clear day. The other strongly asserted it wa

21、s green, and that he had viewed it very closely and minutely upon the broad leaf of a fig tree. Both of them were positive, and the dispute was rising to a quarrel; but a third person luckily coming by, they agreed to refer the question to his decision. “Gentlemen,“ said the Arbitrator, “You could n

22、ot have been more lucky in your reference, as I happen to have caught one of them last night; but, indeed, you are both mistaken, for the creature is totally black.“ “Black, impossible.“ “Nay,“ said the Umpire, with great assurance, “the matter may be soon decided, for I immediately enclosed my Cham

23、eleon in a little box, and here it is.“ So saying, he drew it out of his pocket, opened the box, and, lo! It was white as snow.（分数：3.00）(1).The best lesson that the reader can derive from this fable is _ .（分数：1.00）A.looks are deceivingB.never judge a book by its coverC.truth changes with timeD.every

24、 yea has its nay(2).The reason the writer selected the Chameleon to illustrate his moral is that the Chameleon _ .（分数：1.00）A.changes its color according to its surroundingsB.can easily be put into a boxC.is really colorlessD.is a fabulous monster whose existence has never been proved(3).The quality

25、for which we may justly criticize the Arbitrator is _ .（分数：1.00）A.dishonestyB.unwillingness to consider the opinions of othersC.lack of insight into the diversity of truthD.poor perception of physical qualities六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Every year as Christmas time rushes in, I get frantic inquiries

26、from readers asking about the legality of giving handguns as gifts. Most of these folks are just like me: they dont get around to their Christmas shopping until its almost Christmas Eve. So when they run into the legal tangles surrounding firearms transfer, they dont have time to find solutions befo

27、re Santas big day.The process can be very complicated and time-consuming, and in some particular state and local jurisdictions it is, sadly, close to being not worth the trouble. The most unfortunate thing from the Christmas-gift point of view is that the legal requirements surrounding firearms tran

28、sfer make it nearly impossible to give someone a gun as a surprise. Santa cant just leave it under the tree: hed be committing a federal crime.First lets deal with firearms gift-giving between residents of different states. The crux of the issue is this: legally you cannot just buy a handgun, wrap i

29、t up, and send it directly to a friend or relative in another state as a Christmas present. The Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms hag no holiday spirit at all when it comes to firearms gifts. But there are ways to legally circumvent this general prohibition if you want to take the tim

30、e and effort.Lets suppose you live in Arizona and want to give a 22 target pistol to your father, who lives in Illinois. The first thing you would need to do is contact a licensed gun dealer close to your fathers residence. Find out if the dealer would be willing to process the necessary paperwork t

31、o accomplish a legal transfer.If the dealer in Illinois agrees to help, you would wrap up the gun and ship it to the Illinois dealer. All your father would then have to do is go to the dealer, complete the necessary federal and state forms, go through all the necessary procedures governing handgun t

32、ransfers, and then-finally-take the gun home.Obviously, all this makes it impossible to surprise your father with a nicely wrapped package under the tree-unless you were planning to be at your dads house for the holidays. Then you could buy the gun in your home state, give it to him as a wrapped pre

33、sent on Christmas morning, and afterward go to the local gun shop with him to get the ownership of the pistol legally transferred from you to him. Of course, if there is a waiting period involved, your dad would have to twiddle his thumbs through the Second, Third, and Fourth days of Christmas befor

34、e he could go back and actually pick up the gun.（分数：6.00）(1).Every year before Christmas the writer of this article _ .（分数：1.00）A.is asked about the legal solution of firearms transferB.is requested to give handguns as giftsC.makes an investigation into handgun transferD.helps readers contact gun de

35、alers(2).As to transfer of a firearm as a gift to someone else, _ .（分数：1.00）A.many states do not have corresponding lawsB.it could hardly be a real surpriseC.cross state transfer in particular states is impossibleD.federal government and local authorities are in conflict(3).Handguns are not among th

36、e most satisfactory gifts because _ .（分数：1.00）A.they often frighten peopleB.they can make people commit crimesC.their purchase can be annoyingly complicated and time consumingD.they will bring people bad luck(4).Whats the federal governments attitude towards firearms gifts?（分数：1.00）A.Positive.B.Disc

37、ouraging.C.Indifferent.D.The passage does not say.(5).One thing that the handgun gift recipients have to do is to _ .（分数：1.00）A.choose a favorite gun dealerB.contact a licensed gun dealerC.complete some necessary formsD.take the gun home and leave it under the tree(6).If you want to make it a real s

38、urprise to your father with a pistol gift, you must _ .（分数：1.00）A.ask a gun dealer for helpB.complete all legal procedures before ChristmasC.ship the pistol directly to your fatherD.spend the Christmas Day with your father七、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)There are many good reasons for great current attent

39、ion to university-industry relations, but there are troublesome reasons as well. One is that universities are now unusually hungry. There is nothing wrong with hunger. But a hungry man may cut comers in his rush to nourishment, and he may be taken advantage of in negotiations. Fear of this is leadin

40、g to the threat of protectionism, as exemplified by recent attempts to classify or otherwise control access to university research, including that joint with industry.In designing university-industry connections, protecting interests by high-level negotiations is wrong. Protectionism is dangerous an

41、d habit-forming. Circumstances exist where it is appropriate, but only for a short time. One of the few essentials of agreements is that any secrecy or interference with open publication or student interaction should be strictly temporary.The dominant problem of supporting enough basic research in u

42、niversities will remain. This must continue to be a federal responsibility; no company or industry can harvest the results soon enough to justify any investment larger than keeping a window on basic research and conduit for the movement of bright young people into the company. Hard work in the unive

43、rsities will lead to important cooperative research agreements with industry, but unremitting effort will be required to maintain or enlarge the basic research on which all else rests.But there is far more at stake than support for universities. University-industry interaction should not be looked u

44、pon as support at all, but as an absolutely necessary part of the survival both of American institutions and of the American economy. As the economy stumbles, protectionism of all kinds becomes rampant, and everyone loses. From the universitys standpoint, cooperative projects with industry affect gr

45、aduate (and even undergraduate) work in healthy ways. To use Harvey Brookss phrase, giving students “respect for applied problems“ is an important part of their education. Wisdom begins when students (and even professors) realize that an invention is not a product and a product is not an industry. W

46、hat is perhaps most at stake is attracting some of the ablest young people to those fields that can make a difference in the survival of our society. Particle physics ought to be done, just as art galleries ought to be maintained, and the richer the country is the more particle physics and art galle

47、ries it should support. But it would be a disaster if protectionism, of either the government or the industry variety, were to discourage some of the best young people from going into applied fields.（分数：6.00）(1).What is the main topic of this passage?（分数：1.00）A.The interaction between universities a

48、nd industry.B.The classification of industrial protectionism.C.The speed and simplicity of negotiations.D.The relations between particle physics and art galleries.(2).According to the passage, protectionism is _ .（分数：1.00）A.impracticalB.hazardousC.justifiableD.safe(3).It can be concluded that compan

49、ies support basic research in universities so as to _ .（分数：1.00）A.recruit smart young peopleB.be informed of negotiationsC.train competent negotiatorsD.enlarge their influence(4).In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that American institutions and American economy are _ .（分数：1.00）A.rampantB.disconnectedC.interdependentD.irrelevant(5).The author states that all of the following ought to be supported by the go