【考研类试卷】考博英语-476及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-476 及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.We must try to _ the best of our moral values for our children and grand-children.（分数：1.00）A.replaceB.remainC.generateD.preserve2.Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why you see most business People dress formally.（分数：1.

2、00）A.countB.accountC.allowD.care3.Floors and walls must be specially constructed to make a building soundproof.（分数：1.00）A.solid and sturdyB.officially completeC.impermeable to noise.D.architecturally attractive4.The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decide

3、d to enlarge the _ of his enquiry.（分数：1.00）A.scopeB.magnitudeC.dimensionD.volume5.After years of research, Charles Drew devised a procedure for preserving plasm（分数：1.00）A.A. transportingB. savingC. reusingD. labeling6.Frank Friedel, in creating a biography of the United States president Franklin D.

4、Roosevelt, has had to wrestle with something like 40 tons of paper.（分数：1.00）A.reckonB.ponderC.tackleD.challenge7.He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes.（分数：1.00）A.attributedB.contributedC.blamedD.applied8._ popularity of subject matter and frequency of use, the book

5、s on the two middle shelves will be the most helpful to you.（分数：1.00）A.As ofB.As regardsC.As fromD.As against9.Although states were allowed to coin money right after the American Revolution, they are not allowed to do so today.（分数：1.00）A.fairlyB.temporarilyC.immediatelyD.haphazardly10.The folk art r

6、ubric has also been extended to include all manner of traditional artistic productions, even the self-consciously quaint.（分数：1.00）A.conservativeB.mysteriousC.originalD.unusual11.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.（分数：1.00）A.lifeB.birthC.wayD.d

7、eath12.The day was crisp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and _ the landscape.（分数：1.00）A.hidB.blurredC.relievedD.belittled13.Villagers and those newly arrived from Europe, fed up with terms of employment and tenancy in the rural areas, took advantage of cheap modern transportation

8、to move into the cities.（分数：1.00）A.discontented withB.acquainted withC.furnished withD.favoured with14.Those who let uncertainty _ rarely achieve much.（分数：1.00）A.turn them downB.send them downC.weigh them downD.huddle down15._ flees if one is constantly subjected to demeaning orders.（分数：1.00）A.Prime

9、B.HarassmentC.ConceitD.Pride16.Tile rivers and streams of the Amazon basin teem with life, and the forest canopy resonates with the cries of birds and monkeys and the whines of insects.（分数：1.00）A.convergesB.echoesC.overwhelmsD.responds17.An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by th

10、e _ argumentation in commercials.（分数：1.00）A.imperativeB.fallaciousC.persuasiveD.fabulous18._ this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enroll of the course.（分数：1.00）A.As ofB.As forC.As toD.As on19.Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those p

11、repared with water.（分数：1.00）A.floatB.finishC.remain effectiveD.be prescribed20.The speaker went on and on, _ to his listeners obvious boredom.（分数：1.00）A.obligatedB.obsessiveC.obviousD.oblivious21.Although the main motivation for a renewed interest in logic was a search for the foundations of mathema

12、tics, the chief protagonists of this effort extended their inquiry into the domain of the natural languages.（分数：1.00）A.explorersB.dedicatorsC.advocatesD.analysts22.Every community requires a wholesome, dependable supply of water, and every community generates liquid and solid wastes.（分数：1.00）A.consi

13、derableB.healthfulC.immediateD.secure23.Lebanon is one of the few countries in the Middle East with a comparatively well- developed labour movement. Trade unions have secured some tangible gains, such as fringe benefits and better working conditions.（分数：1.00）A.substantialB.trivialC.momentousD.crucia

14、l24.Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells explored with zest the future possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.（分数：1.00）A.inspirationB.enthusiasmC.fantasyD.endeavour25.Sudden disastrous external stress such as in severe automobile

15、accidents, airplane crashes, and underwater explosions may cause death through rupture of the major arteries.（分数：1.00）A.impairmentB.severityC.fractureD.contraction26.Notwithstanding its great diversity of styles, forms, themes, and functions, the theatre of today has its roots in a basic need to giv

16、e meaning to the workings of the universe.（分数：1.00）A.In terms ofB.As regardsC.DespiteD.In view of27.In mathematics the term “solid“ describes a geometric figure with three dimensions.（分数：1.00）A.angleB.shapeC.triangleD.equation28.I was _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring.（分数：1.

17、00）A.immuredB.immersedC.busyD.infatuated29.Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment.（分数：1.00）A.destructionB.pollutionC.expenseD.mercy30.Such _ as self-respect and industriousness merit the full backing of an employer.（分数：1.00）A.advantagesB.traitsC.interestsD.sho

18、rtcomings二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The market for manufactured goods is what economists call “imperfect,“ because each company has its own style, its own reputation, and its own locations; and all of the arts of advertisement and salesmanship are devoted to makin

19、g it even more imperfect by attracting buyers to particular brand names. Even small businesses that depend upon outside channels of retail distribution may have the final say in what prices they will charge, and great corporations can differentiate their goods in order to create demand of them.In th

20、is type of market, supply normally is very elastic-that is responsive to demand-in the short run. Stocks or inventories are held at some point in the chain of distribution; while stocks are running down or building up, there is time to change the level of production, and once a price has been set, i

21、t is rarely altered in response to moderate changes in demand. Even in a deep slump, defensive rings may be formed to prevent price cutting.In the long run, as well as in the short, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. It is easier to change the composition of a firms outpu

22、t than it is to change the production of a mine or a plantation. And when changes in demand are not too rapid, gross profits from one plant can be siphoned off and invested in something quite different. When business is good, moreover, there is continual new investment so that productive capacity is

23、 adapted to meeting changing requirements. Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities to which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labour is very little affected by the fortunes of a particular market.（分数：4.00）(1).The “imperfectio

24、n“ of the market for manufactured goods is reflected in all of the following aspects, except _.（分数：1.00）A.the distinctive style of each companyB.the attempts of advertisement to attract buyers to particular brand namesC.tendency for the prices of the same goods to equalize quicklyD.the freedom of sm

25、all businesses to decide the prices they will charge(2).In the market for manufactured goods, _ is usually not responsive to moderate changes in demand.（分数：1.00）A.the price of a product if it has been setB.supplyC.stocks or inventoriesD.the level of production(3).According to this passage, _ is not

26、responsive to demand in the market for manufactures.（分数：1.00）A.in the short run, supplyB.in the long run, supplyC.the level of wages for factory labourD.the productive capacity of a business(4).The proper title for this passage should be _.（分数：1.00）A.Markets for ManufacturesB.“Imperfect“ MarketsC.Su

27、pply and DemandD.Great Corporation and Small Businesses四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Unfortunately most of the science fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001 A Space Odyssey. Skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001. which appeared in 1968, set new standards for science fictio

28、n films. During the next decade, every one of the dozens of science fiction movies released was compared to 2001 , and all but a few were found sadly lacking.Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinion, much of the movies power and appeal was a

29、chieved through relatively inexpensive means. For example, the musical score, which was adapted in large part from well-known classical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel sequences. Spectacular camera work was edited to

30、correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music.After 2001, the dominant theme of science fiction films shifted from the adventures of space travel to the problems created on earth by mans mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of technology by a totalitarian state. Overpopulat

31、ion and the accompanying shortages of food prompt the state to impose extraordinary controls on its citizens. No fewer than twenty-nine films were made around this theme in the years between 1970 and 1977, including Survivors and Chronicles.In the opinion of this reviewer, until Star Wars was releas

32、ed in 1977, science fiction films were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising to a greater or lesser degree a series of repetitive plots. But Star Wars was different. It offered us a return to imaginative voyages in space and confrontation with intelligent life on other planets. Unlike the other sc

33、ience fiction films of the decade, Star Wars presented technology as having solved rather than aggravated ecological problems. The special effects created to simulate space vehicles hurtling through the blackness of the universe were reminiscent of the artistic standards set by 2001.（分数：4.00）(1).In

34、the authors opinion, most of the science fiction films released in the 1970s were _.（分数：1.00）A.better than 2001: A Space OdysseyB.not as good as 2001: A Space OdysseyC.almost the same as Star WarsD.better than Star Wars(2).The theme of the majority of science fiction films made between 1970 and 1977

35、 was _.（分数：1.00）A.space travelB.life on other planetsC.ecological problems on earthD.wars between the earth and other planets(3).In the authors opinion, why was 2001 successful?（分数：1.00）A.because its budget was largeB.because its camera work and musical score were blended artisticallyC.because its p

36、lot was repetitiveD.because its symbolism was very good(4).What does the author most object to in the science movies of the 1790s?（分数：1.00）A.He objects to their camera work.B.He does not like their music.C.He believes that their stories are too much alike.D.He criticizes their special effects.五、Pass

37、age Three(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, i

38、s distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has be

39、en defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competit

40、ion between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict; nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably ,an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in

41、the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, bu

42、t in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for j

43、obs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsucc

44、essful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：4.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the d

45、efinitions of some terms in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflict in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the that characteristic featare of opposition and cooperation(2).According the

46、 author, competition differs from conflict in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence(3).The phrase, “function in the disservice of one another“ (Line 9, Pa

47、r（分数：1.00）A.1) most probably means _.A. betray each otherB. harm one anotherC. help to collaborate with each otherD. benefit one another(4).The passage is probably intended to answer the question“ _ “.（分数：1.00）A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can

48、competition lead to conflict?六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to become saturated. Multime

49、dia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals, while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In oth