ISO 14532-2014 Natural gas - Vocabulary《天然气 词汇》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2014 Natural gas Vocabulary Gaz naturel Vocabulaire INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14532 Second edition Deuxime dition 2014-06-15 Reference number Numro de rfrence ISO 14532:2014(E/F) NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 14532:2014(E/F)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCU

2、MENT DOCUMENT PROTG PAR COPYRIGHT ISO 2014 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, in- struction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such

3、 reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other

4、 part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior writ- ten permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem

5、ber body in the country of the requester. La reproduction des termes et des dfinitions contenus dans la prsente Norme internationale est autorise dans les manuels denseignement, les modes demploi, les publications et revues techniques destins exclusivement lenseignement ou la mise en application. Le

6、s conditions dune telle reproduction sont les suivantes: aucune modification nest apporte aux termes et dfinitions; la reproduction nest pas autorise dans des dictionnaires ou publications similaires destins la vente; la prsente Norme internationale est cite comme document source. la seule exception

7、 mentionne ci-dessus, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie, laffichage sur linternet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation crite pralable. Les demandes dautorisation pe

8、uvent tre adresses lISO ladresse ci-aprs ou au comit membre de lISO dans le pays du demandeur. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland/Publi en Suisse ISO 14532:2014(E/F)Conte

9、nts Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 2.1 General conditions . 1 2.2 Measurement methods 4 2.3 Sampling . 6 2.4 Analytical systems 8 2.5 Analysis.11 2.6 Physical and chemical properties 20 2.7 Interchangeability .24 2.8 Odorization .25 2.9 Thermodynamic propert

10、ies 26 Annex A (informative) Indices, symbols, and units 27 Annex B (informative) Alphabetical index 30 Bibliography .36 ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iii ISO 14532:2014(E/F) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national sta

11、ndards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International or

12、ganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for i

13、ts further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/d

14、irectives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in

15、 the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions r

16、elated to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 193, Natural gas. This second edition cancels

17、and replaces the first edition (ISO 14532:2001/Cor. 1:2002).iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs ISO 14532:2014(E/F) Introduction ISO/TC 193 Natural Gas was established in May, 1989, with the task of creating new standards and updating existing standards relevant to natural gas. This i

18、ncludes gas analysis, direct measurement of properties, quality designation, and traceability. In these activities, a comprehensive and uniform review of the definitions, symbols, and abbreviations used in the standards was not previously systematically pursued. The development of standards with ter

19、minology created to suit specific purposes often resulted in the detriment of uniformity and cohesiveness between standards. Thus, there is the need for a work of harmonization of the terminology used in the standards pertaining to natural gas. The intention of this International Standard is to inco

20、rporate the reviewed definitions into the ISO/TC 193 source International Standard. As the aim is to create a coherent body of standards which support each other with regard to their definitions, common and unambiguous terms and definitions used throughout all International Standards is the starting

21、 point for the understanding and application of every International Standard. The presentation of this International Standard has been arranged to facilitate its use as follows: Major headings pertain to specific fields of the natural gas industry. All definitions that fall under these headings, as

22、gleaned from ISO International Standards issued through ISO/TC 193, are listed under that heading. A review of the contents will serve to facilitate finding specific terms. Notes are given under numerous definitions where it was deemed important to give informative guidance for a given definition. T

23、he Notes are not considered a part of the definition. ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs v Natural gas Vocabulary 1 Scope This International Standard establishes the terms, definitions, symbols, and abbreviations used in the field of natural gas. The terms and definitions have been revi

24、ewed and studied in order to cover all aspects of any particular term with input from other sources such as European Standards from CEN (The European Committee for Standardization), national standards, and existing definitions in the IGU Dictionary of the Gas Industry. T h e d e f i n i t i v e i n

25、t e n t i o n o f t h i s d o c u m e n t i s t o i n c o r p o r a t e t h e r e v i e w e d d e f i n i t i o n s i n t o t h e ISO/TC 193 source standards. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 General conditions 2.1.1 Natural

26、 gas 2.1.1.1 natural gas NG complex gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily methane, but generally includes ethane, propane and higher hydrocarbons, and some non-combustible gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide Note 1 to entry: Natural gas can also contain components or containments such as

27、sulfur compounds and/or other chemical species. 2.1.1.2 raw gas unprocessed gas taken from well heads, through gathering lines, to processing or treating facilities Note 1 to entry: Raw gas can also be partially processed well-head gas ,taken from basic upstream processing facilities. 2.1.1.3 substi

28、tute natural gas SNG gas from non-fossil origin which is interchangeable in its properties with natural gas 2.1.1.4 m a n u f a c t u r e d g a s synthetic gas gas which has been treated and can contain components that are not typical of natural gas Note 1 to entry: Manufactured (synthetic) gases ca

29、n contain substantial amounts of chemical species that are not typical of natural gases or common species found in atypical proportions as in the case of wet and sour gases. Note 2 to entry: Manufactured gases fall into two distinct categories, as follows:a) those that are intended as synthetic or s

30、ubstitute natural gases, and that closely match true natural gases in both composition and properties; INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 14532:2014(E/F) ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 1 ISO 14532:2014(E/F)b) those that, whether or not intended to replace or enhance natural gas in service,

31、 do not closely match natural gases in composition. Case b) includes gases such as town gas, coke oven gas (undiluted), and LPG/air mixtures. None of which is compositionally similar to a true natural gas (even though, in the latter case, it can be operationally interchangeable with natural gas). 2.

32、1.1.5 lean gas natural gas having a relatively low energy content, close to or lower than that of pure methane Note 1 to entry: Lean gas typically contains high amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 2.1.1.6 rich gas natural gas having a relatively high energy content, higher than that of pure meth

33、ane Note 1 to entry: Rich gas typically contains high amounts of ethane or propane or higher. 2.1.1.7 wet gas gas which falls short of qualifying as pipeline quality natural gas by the inclusion of undesirable components such as free water, water vapour and/or high hydrocarbons in such amounts that

34、they can condense at pipeline conditions 2.1.1.8 sour gas gas containing significant amount of acid gases such as carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds Note 1 to entry: The presence of acid compounds is more detrimental in wet gases. Note 2 to entry: Typically, wet and sour gases can be unprocessed (

35、well head) or partially-processed natural gases and can also contain condensed hydrocarbons, traces of carbonyl sulphide, and process fluid vapours such as methanol or glycols. Note 3 to entry: Carbon dioxide in the presence of free water can be an important cause of corrosion damage to pipelines. 2

36、.1.1.9 dry natural gas natural gas containing a mole fraction of water of no more than 0,005 % 50 ppm (molar) in the vapour phase Note 1 to entry: Water vapour content in natural gas can also be expressed in terms of water concentration (mg/m 3 ). Note 2 to entry: The correlation between water conte

37、nt and water dew point is given in ISO 18453. 17 2.1.1.10 saturated gas natural gas that at the specified conditions of temperature and pressure is at its water dew-point 2.1.1.11 compressed natural gas CNG natural gas that has been compressed after processing for storage and transportation purposes

38、 Note 1 to entry: CNG is mainly used as a fuel for vehicles, typically compressed up to 20 000 kPa in the gaseous state.2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs ISO 14532:2014(E/F) 2.1.1.12 l i q u e f i e d n a t u r a l g a s LNG natural gas that has been liquefied after processing for st

39、orage or transportation purposes Note 1 to entry: Liquid natural gas is revaporized and introduced into pipelines for transmission and distribution as natural gas. 2.1.1.13 gas quality attribute of natural gas defined by its composition and its physical properties 2.1.1.14 biogas generic term used t

40、o refer to gases produced by anaerobic fermentation or digestion of organic matter, and without further upgrading nor purification Note 1 to entry: This can take place in a landfill site to produce landfill gas or in an anaerobic digester to produce biogas. Sewage gas is biogas produced by the diges

41、tion of sewage sludge. Biogases comprise mainly methane and carbon dioxide. 2.1.1.15 biomethane methane rich gas derived from biogas or from gasification of biomass by upgrading with the properties similar to natural gas 2.1.1.16 biomass mass defined from a scientific and technical point of view as

42、material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or transformed to fossil Note 1 to entry: Biomass is organic material that is plant-based or animal-based, including but not limited to dedicated energy crops, agricultural crops and trees, food, feed and fibre cr

43、op residues, aquatic plants, alga, forestry and wood residues, agricultural wastes, processing by-products and other non-fossil organic matter. Note 2 to entry: See also herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, and woody biomass. 2.1.2 Pipeline network 2.1.2.1 pipeline grid system of interconnected pipeli

44、nes, both national and international that serve to transmit and distribute natural gas 2.1.2.2 local distribution system LDS gas mains and services that supply natural gas directly to consumers 2.1.2.3 c u s t o d y t r a n s f e r p o i n t location between two pipeline systems where the quantity o

45、f energy of the natural gas has to be accounted for Note 1 to entry: At such location a change of pressure regime can also occur. 2.1.2.4 t r a n s f e r s t a t i o n system of pipelines, measurement and regulation (pressure control), and ancillary devices at a custody transfer point necessary to a

46、ccount for the quantity of gases transferred and the adaptation to the possible different pressure regimes of the networks ISO 2014 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 3 ISO 14532:2014(E/F) 2.2 Measurement methods 2.2.1 Gener al definition s 2.2.1.1 absolute measurement measurement of a property

47、from fundamental metrological quantities Note 1 to entry: For example, fundamental metrological quantities are length, mass, and time. Note 2 to entry: For example, the determination of the mass of a gas using certified masses. 2.2.1.2 direct measurement measurement of a property from quantities tha

48、t, in principle, define the property Note 1 to entry: For example, the determination of the calorific value of a gas using the thermometric measurement of the energy released in the form of heat during the combustion of a known amount of gas. 2.2.1.3 indirect measurement measurement of a property fr

49、om quantities that, in principle, do not define the property, but have a known relationship with the property Note 1 to entry: For example, the determination of the calorific value from measurements of the air-to-gas ratio required to achieve stoichiometric combustion that is related linearly to the calorific value. 2.2.1.4 lower range value lowest value of a quantity to be measured (measurand) that a measuring system or transmitter is adjusted to measure 2.2.1.5 upper range val