ISO 11508-2017 Soil quality - Determination of particle density《土壤质量 粒子密度的测定》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2017 Soil quality Determination of particle density Qualit du sol Dtermination de la masse volumique des particules INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11508 Second edition 2017-09 Reference number ISO 11508:2017(E) ISO 11508:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017,

2、Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Pe

3、rmission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 11508:2017(E)Foreword i

4、v Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Procedure. 1 4.1 Fine soil (2 mm diameter) 3 4.2.1 Apparatus . 3 4.2.2 Density determination 3 4.2.3 Calculation . 4 4.3 Unified reference temperature 5 4.4 Calculation of mean particle density 5 5 Test report . 5 A

5、nnex A (informative) Density of water at different temperatures . 6 Bibliography 9 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 11508:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o

6、f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmenta

7、l, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the I

8、SO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibi

9、lity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of p

10、atent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to

11、conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommitt

12、ee SC 3, Chemical methods and soil characteristics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11508:1998), which has been technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: a) the terms and definitions have been updated; b) a new subclause 4.

13、3 “Unified reference temperature” was added; c) a new subclause 4.4 “Calculation of mean particle density” was added; d) Table 1, “Density of water”, was deleted under 4.1.4; e) a new Annex A “Density of water at different temperatures” was added; f) bibliographic references were added; g) editorial

14、 changes were made.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 11508:2017(E) Introduction This document specifies the particle density ( s ) which is used together with the dry bulk density ( b s , see ISO 11272) for the calculation of the pore volume of a soil layer. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Soil qua

15、lity Determination of particle density 1 Scope This document specifies two methods for the determination of particle density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of soil particles. The first method (4.1) is applicable to fine soil (2 mm diameter). The particle density can be used for the

16、 calculation of the proportion of solids and of the porosity of soil layers in combination with the procedure given in ISO 11272. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For

17、dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings ISO 11461, Soil quality Determin

18、ation of soil water content as a volume fraction using coring sleeves Gravimetric method 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definition apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO On

19、line browsing platform: available at https:/ /www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ 3.1 particle density ratio of the total mass of oven-dry solid particles, e.g. minerals or organic matter, to the volume of these particles Note 1 to entry: The volume comprises

20、 internal pores of soil particles but pore spaces between particles are excluded. Note 2 to entry: The preferred SI unit of measurement is kilograms per cubic metre (kg m 3 ) but grams per cubic centimetre (g cm 3 ) is also very common. Note that x g cm 3= 1 000 x kg m 3 . 4 Procedure 4.1 Fine soil

21、(2 mm diameter) 4.1.1 Principle The mass of a portion of soil is determined by weighing. The volume of the soil is calculated from the mass and the density of water displaced by the sample in a pycnometer. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 11508:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 11508:2017(E) 4.1

22、.2 Apparatus 4.1.2.1 Thermometer, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 0,1 C. 4.1.2.2 Pycnometer, preferably with a volume of 20 cm 3to 50 cm 3 , regularly calibrated glass flask fitted with a ground-glass stopper, which is pierced lengthways by a capillary opening. 4.1.2.3 Vacuum desiccator, with

23、 self-indicating silica gel or anhydrous calcium sulfate. 4.1.2.4 Laboratory balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. 4.1.2.5 Sieve, conforming to ISO 565, aperture size 2 mm. 4.1.3 Sampling Take a disturbed representative sample from the soil, pass it through a sieve (4.1.2.5), and dr

24、y it at room temperature. Determine the reference water content, w, of the air-dried soil in a subsample in accordance with ISO 11461. 4.1.4 Density determination Weigh a clean, dry and calibrated pycnometer in air (m 0 ). Add 10 g to 25 g of air-dried soil (4.1.3) and weigh the pycnometer with the

25、soil (m s ). Add distilled water to the pycnometer to approximately the half-full mark. Wet and then de-aerate the soil sample in the pycnometer in a vacuum desiccator until there is no further escape of air. Fill the pycnometer completely with distilled, boiled and cooled (de-aerated) water in a we

26、ighing room maintained at constant temperature, and insert the stopper so that no air bubbles remain under the stopper and the capillary tube in the stopper is completely filled with water (hold the pycnometer at the neck only during this operation). Then carefully dry the pycnometer without warming

27、 it, using filter paper, and weigh it (m sw ). During the procedure, take care to ensure that the capillary tube remains filled with water, and that the temperature does not change. After weighing, read the temperature of the water to the nearest 0,1 C and determine its density ( w ) from Table A.1.

28、 Finally, remove the soil sample from the pycnometer and refill with deionized and degassed water of the same temperature as before, insert the stopper, thoroughly dry the outside with filter paper, and weigh it (m w ), taking care that the temperature remains the same as before. 4.1.5 Calculation a

29、) Calculate the air-dried mass of soil (m d ) from Formula (1): (1) where m s is the mass of pycnometer plus air-dried soil sample, in g; m 0 is the mass of the empty pycnometer (pycnometer filled with air), in g; w s is the water content of the air-dried soil sample. b) Calculate the soil particle

30、density, s , in g/cm 3 , using Formula (2):2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 11508:2017(E) (2) where m is the mass, in g; V is the volume, in cm 3 ; m d is the oven-dried mass of the soil sample, in g; w is the density of water at the temperature observed, in g/cm 3(see Table A.1); m sw is the mass

31、 of pycnometer filled with soil and water, in g; m w is the mass of pycnometer filled with water at the temperature observed, in g. NOTE The standard deviation of particle density of fine soil usually varies between 0,02 g/cm 3to 0,03 g/cm 3for different personnel or different laboratories, respecti

32、vely. 4.2 Gravel and stones (2 mm diameter) 4.2.1 Apparatus 4.2.1.1 Laboratory balance, with thin wire attached to the weighing beam, from which a light frame can be suspended. The frame serves as a platform for a weighing dish with a small container so that both frame and dish can be immersed in a

33、large container of water during weighing (see Figure 1). 4.2.1.2 Vacuum desiccator, with self-indicating desiccant. 4.2.1.3 Thermometer, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 0,1 C. 4.2.2 Density determination Weigh the weighing dish of the balance (m 0 ). Clean the gravel and stones (for example b

34、y shaking them with sodium hexametaphosphate solution), wash in water, and dry them at (105 2) C. Place the gravel and stones in the small container of the dish and weigh both together (m s ). Then fill the small container with distilled, boiled and cooled water. Put this container in a vacuum desic

35、cator and de-aerate twice for 10 min, allowing air to enter the desiccator between evacuations. Then put this container on the weighing dish and submerge dish with the container in a large container containing distilled, boiled and cooled water and carefully reweigh while the stones and gravel are s

36、uspended in the water (m sw ). Remove and discard the sample, clean the weighing dish with its container, and weigh it while it is submerged in water (m w ). Measure the temperature of the water and from Table A.1 determine its density ( w ). ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 ISO 11508:2017(E) Key 1 co

37、mpensating weights 2 thin wire 3 small container 4 large container filled with water 5 balance Figure 1 Schematic layout of a laboratory balance to determine the volume of gravel and stones by weighing in air and water 4.2.3 Calculation Calculate the density of the soil composed of large particles,

38、p , using Formula (3): (3) where m is the mass, in g; V is the volume, in cm 3 ; w is the density of water, in g/cm 3 ; m s is the oven-dry mass of the gravel and stones with container and weighing dish, in g; m 0 is the mass of container and weighing dish, in g; m sw is the mass of large particles

39、and dish submerged in water, in g; m w is the mass of container and dish alone, submerged in water, in g. NOTE The standard deviation of particle density of gravel and stones is approximately 0,01 g/cm 3for both different personnel or different laboratories.4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 11508:2

40、017(E) 4.3 Unified r efer enc e t emper atur e If required, particle densities measured at different temperatures may be calculated to a reference temperature of 20 C according to Formula (4). xx (4) where 20 C is the particle density at 20 C, in g/cm 3 ; xC is the particle density at measured tempe

41、rature, in g/cm 3 ; KF xC is the coefficient at measured temperature according to Table A.1. 4.4 Calculation of mean particle density For soils with relevant content of stones the mean particle density at reference temperature is calculated from the densities of fine and coarse particles (gravel and

42、 stones) according to Formula (5). ww (5) where mean20 C is the particle density of total soil at 20 C, in g/cm 3 ; fine20 C is the particle density of fine particles at 20 C, in g/cm 3 ; coarse20 C is the particle density of gravel and stones at 20 C, in g/cm 3 ; w fine is the mass fraction of fine

43、 particles in relation to air-dried soil, in %; w coarse is the mass fraction of gravel and stones in relation to air-dried soil, in %. 5 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) a reference to this document, i.e ISO 11508; b) complete identification of the sa

44、mple; c) a reference to the method used (4.1 or 4.2 or both); d) the results of the determination; e) any details not specified in this document or which are optional, as well as any factor which may have affected the results. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5 ISO 11508:2017(E) Annex A (informative) De

45、nsity of water at different temperatures Table A.1 shows the density of water at different temperatures according to Reference 2. Table A.1 Density of water at different temperatures Temperature C Density of water g/cm 3 C o ef f i c i en t KF Temperature C Density of water g/cm 3 C o ef f i c i en

46、t KF 15,0 0,999 10 1,000 90 23,0 0,997 54 0,999 33 15,1 0,999 09 1,000 88 23,1 0,997 52 0,999 31 15,2 0,999 07 1,000 87 23,2 0,997 49 0,999 29 15,3 0,999 06 1,000 85 23,3 0,997 47 0,999 26 15,4 0,999 04 1,000 84 23,4 0,997 45 0,999 24 15,5 0,999 02 1,000 82 23,5 0,997 42 0,999 21 15,6 0,999 01 1,000

47、 80 23,6 0,997 40 0,999 19 15,7 0,998 99 1,000 79 23,7 0,997 37 0,999 17 15,8 0,998 98 1,000 77 23,8 0,997 35 0,999 14 15,9 0,998 96 1,000 76 23,9 0,997 32 0,999 12 16,0 0,998 95 1,000 74 24,0 0,997 30 0,999 09 16,1 0,998 93 1,000 72 24,1 0,997 27 0,999 07 16,2 0,998 91 1,000 71 24,2 0,997 25 0,999

48、04 16,3 0,998 90 1,000 69 24,3 0,997 23 0,999 02 16,4 0,998 88 1,000 67 24,4 0,997 20 0,998 99 16,5 0,998 86 1,000 66 24,5 0,997 17 0,998 97 16,6 0,998 85 1,000 64 24,6 0,997 15 0,998 94 16,7 0,998 83 1,000 62 24,7 0,997 12 0,998 92 16,8 0,998 81 1,000 61 24,8 0,997 10 0,998 89 16,9 0,998 79 1,000 59 24,9 0,997 07 0,998 87 17,0 0,998 78 1,000 57 25,0 0,997 05 0,998 84 17,1 0,998 76 1,000 55 25,1 0,997 02 0,998 81 17, 2 0,998 74 1,000 54 25,2 0,997 00 0,998 79 17, 3 0,998 72 1,000 52 25,3 0,996 97 0,998 76 17,4 0,998 71 1,000 50 25,4