IEC TR 63054-2017 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Fire risk analysis and risk reduction measures《低压开关设备和控制设备 火灾风险分析和风险降低措施》.pdf

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1、 IEC TR 63054 Edition 1.0 2017-07 TECHNICAL REPORT Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Fire risk analysis and risk reduction measures IEC TR 63054:2017-07(en) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2017 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specif

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10、wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC TR 63054 Edition 1.0 2017-07 TECHNICAL REPORT Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Fire risk analysis and risk reduction measures INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL

11、COMMISSION ICS 29.130.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-4622-1 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope 6 2 No

12、rmative references 6 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Ignition modes for electrical fires . 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Overheating at the connection point due to loose connections 10 4.2.1 General . 10 4.2.2 Ignition mechanisms 11 4.2.3 Loose connections mitigation measures . 11 4.3 Overheating of internal po

13、wer conductors . 14 4.4 Arcs 14 4.4.1 General . 14 4.4.2 Breaking and making arcs . 15 4.4.3 Arcs occurring at loose connections . 15 4.4.4 Arcing through char and tracking arcs 16 4.4.5 Sparks . 16 4.4.6 Arcs due to excessive overvoltage . 16 4.5 Failure of electronic components 16 4.5.1 Basic desc

14、ription of the ignition mechanism . 16 4.5.2 Mitigation measures. 17 5 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 19 Figure 1 Voltage drop and power dissipation versus current values (schematic) 5. 11 Figure 2 Current and voltage conditions for switching arcs (schematic) 10 15 Table 1 Ignition phenomena in electrot

15、echnical products . 9 Table 2 Root causes of electrical fires according to 6 10 Table 3 Potential failure modes for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear 10 Table 4 Function of the equipment and glow-wire test temperatures 13 Table 5 Relevant source ignition modes for low-voltage switchgear and con

16、trolgear 18 IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR FIRE RISK ANALYSIS AND RISK REDUCTION MEASURES FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all na

17、tional electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Techni

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25、nal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative refe

26、rences cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for

27、 identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an Int

28、ernational Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC TR 63054, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 121A: Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear, of IEC technical committee 121: Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies for low voltage. The text of this technical

29、report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 121A/115/DTR 121A/155/RVDTR Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. 4 IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 This document has been draft

30、ed in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will b

31、e reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct unde

32、rstanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 5 INTRODUCTION As fire-ignition hazards are inherent with electricity, installation rules and product standards for electrical equipment are aimed at providing risk reduction meas

33、ures and minimizing residual risk without compromising product safety and function. Residual risk of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear compliant with IEC 60947 relevant publications is generally low and, when selected, installed and used according to manufacturer instruction and installation ru

34、les, do not ignite fire in normal operation or reasonably foreseeable fault conditions. This document, in accordance to ISO/IEC Guide 51 and IEC Guide 116, describes the fire risk analysis of electrical equipment and risk reduction measures in IEC 60947 relevant publications. While intended to apply

35、 specifically to low voltage switchgear and controlgear, it is suggested that other product committees may find this information useful. The fire hazards, namely the flame ignition mechanisms, relevant for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear are reviewed and discussed. The related risk reduction

36、measures included in IEC 60947 relevant publications are subsequently reported for each of those mechanisms. These measures are based on a system approach, not limited to construction materials requirements and include design rules and type testing to ensure equipment do not cause fires in normal op

37、eration or due to reasonably foreseeable faulty conditions. 6 IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR FIRE RISK ANALYSIS AND RISK REDUCTION MEASURES 1 Scope This document applies to the fire risk analysis of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (hereinafter referred to as

38、 “equipment“) referring to the IEC 60947 relevant publications, where the following applies: only the case where a fire originates (typically under fault or misuse conditions) within the equipment; only equipment installed in normal environments. Hazardous environments, for example in presence of co

39、mbustible materials, is not to be considered; only the case of products selected, installed and used according to the manufacturer instructions and installation rules. In addition, the following cases are not considered: faults addressed by IEC TR 61641; risks due to smoke emissions; double faults,

40、i.e. multiple phenomenon, potentially combined. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the late

41、st edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC Guide 116:2010, Guidelines for safety related risk assessment and risk reduction for low voltage equipment IEC 60695-1-10:2015, Fire hazard testing Guidance for assessing the fire hazard of electrotechnical products Genera

42、l guidelines IEC 60947-1:2007, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 1: General rules IEC 60947-1:2007/AMD1:2010 IEC 60947-1:2007/AMD2:2014 IEC 60947-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 2: Circuit-breakers IEC 60947-3, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 3: Switches, disconn

43、ectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units IEC 60947-5-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements Electromechanical control circuit devices IEC 60947-6-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 6-1: Multiple function equipment

44、 Transfer switching equipment IEC 60947-7-1:2009, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 7-1: Ancillary equipment Terminal blocks for copper conductors IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 7 IEC 60999-1, Connecting devices Electrical copper conductors Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type

45、 clamping units Part 1: General requirements and particular requirements for clamping units for conductors from 0,2 mm 2up to 35 mm 2 (included) IEC 60999-2, Connecting devices Electrical copper conductors Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units Part 2: Particular requir

46、ements for clamping units for conductors above 35 mm 2up to 300 mm 2(included) IEC 62477-1:2012, Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment Part 1: General 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC

47、maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 fire risk probability of a fire combined with a quantified measure of its consequen

48、ce SOURCE: IEC 60695-1-10:2016, 3.5, modified Note 1 to entry deleted. 3.2 electrical fire fire caused by electrical equipment or installation 3.3 spark electric spark small luminous electric arc of short duration SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:1998, 121-13-16 3.4 electric arc high-temperature luminous elect

49、ric discharge across a gap or through a medium such as charred insulation SOURCE: NFPA 921:2014 3.5 discharge electric discharge discontinuous movement of charge carriers through part of an otherwise insulating medium, initiated by electronic avalanche and supplemented by secondary processes SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:1998, 121-13-11 8 IEC TR 63054:2017 IEC 2017 3.6 tracking progressive formation of conductive paths, which are pr