(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破五推理判断_观点态度题优选习题.doc
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1、1五、推理判断观点态度题(2018浙江,C)As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would
2、 build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forwa
3、rd at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every
4、pot and a car in every garage.” Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global 2ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has
5、grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep Ame
6、rican strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会” ,介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化” ,它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时,也带来了很多问题,例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等
7、。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观:看待事物一定要一分为二,分析利弊,趋利避害,利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of America
8、s road system.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知,汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化,其中就包括汉堡。由此可知,汽车对于汉堡文化的形成,影响是非常大的。所以,在第二段中提及汉堡,就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选 B项。29.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental
9、problems.C.A shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.答案 B3解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知,驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难,即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选 B项。30.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.C.Hope
10、ful. D.Tolerant.答案 C解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知,Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知,他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选 C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度,就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推
11、断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有:1.Whats the writers attitude towards.?2.What is the authors opinion on.?3.What does the author think about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1.文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中,注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思,切不可用自己
12、的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。4(4)关注首段首尾句,推断文章主题,确定作者观点。2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语,再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语:(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的,有利的;positive 积极的,肯定的,确实的;supportive 支持的;approval赞成,正式批准;reasonable 合理的;enthusiastic 热情的等。(2)表示
13、反对或否定的词语critical批评的;negative 否定的,消极的;disapproval 不赞成;impractical 不实际的;radical激进的;prejudiced 有成见的,偏颇的等。例如:【真题感悟】中第 30题,根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知,Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知,他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选 C项。A(2018和平区一模)One hundred grandm
14、others were asked how good manners had changed since they were children,what they expected of their own children when they were growing up and how their grandchildren behave today.Although the grannies were united in the belief that good manners cost nothing,they unwillingly came to the conclusion t
15、hat all the old little courtesies(礼节) are gradually being erased.Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents,in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.Manners at mealtimes revealed the greatest inter-generational difference.While 92 percent of grandparents an
16、d 87 percent of their children sat down at the table with all the family to eat at least once a day,nowadays this 5applies to just 54 percent of children.Traditional family mealtimes have been on a slippery slope for many years and this survey reveals an apparent corresponding decline in table manne
17、rs.One grandmother said:“My grandchildren have bad table manners as they havent been taught by their parents.” Only 49 percent of children today have to ask to get down from the table compared with 89 percent of their grandparents and 80 percent of their parents.Keeping your elbows off the table is
18、almost totally unnecessary,with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule.However, some parents are still keeping family mealtimes alive,with even the smallest children joining them at the table in their highchairs whether it is their mealtime or not.Although some litt
19、le courtesies may no longer be encouraged today,good old fashioned “please” and “thank you” seem to have weathered the storm.Nevertheless,there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters,from 86 percent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.A final
20、word from one wise grandmother:“If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break,no risk to take,no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”1.Which of the following would some modern parents most probably agree with?A.Good manners are very important.B.Kids should show who they tr
21、uly are.C.It is easy for kids to learn good manners.D.Kids should learn from their grandparents.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents,in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.”可知,当下一些父母很可能认同孩子们应该展示他们真实的一面。2.According to the surve
22、y,81 percent of kids .A.put their elbows on the table 6B.usually eat in their highchairsC.have meals with all the familyD.ask permission to leave the table答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary,with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to sti
23、ck to the old rule.”可知,根据调查,只有 19%的孩子仍希望遵守旧规则,而剩下 81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。3.What might many kids be encouraged to do?A.Apologize sincerely face to face.B.Show appreciation by writing letters.C.Talk about the weather with strangers.D.Express thankfulness in spoken words.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Nevertheless,
24、there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters,from 86 percent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.”可知,被要求写感谢信的比例有所下降。故可以推测出,孩子被鼓励口头表达谢意。4.What is the authors attitude towards sticking to traditional courtesies?A.He is uncertain about it.B.He is
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