UL 1973-2013 UL Standard for Safety Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications (First Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Includ_1.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary ApplicationsUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION

2、 FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications, UL 1973 First Edition, Dated February 15, 2013 Summary of Topics Revi

3、sions have been issued for UL 1973 to add a future effective date to Sections 5.7, 5.8.2, 11, 17, 18, 19, 28, 35, and 40. Nothing else has been changed in the standard. Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the marg

4、in. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the margin and are followed by an effective date note indicating the date of publication or the date on which the changed requirement becomes effective. The requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject da

5、ted July 13, 2012 and November 30, 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard a

6、s is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savin

7、gs, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regar

8、dless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduc

9、ed while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, gures, and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following th

10、e affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice. The following table lists the future effective dates with the corresponding reference. JULY 3, 2013 UL 1

11、973 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Future Effective Date References February 15, 2016 Sections 5.7, 5.8.2, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 28, 33, 35, 37, and 40 JULY 3, 2013 UL 1973 tr2UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURT

12、HER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FEBRUARY 15, 2013 (Title Page Reprinted: July 3, 2013) 1 UL 1973 Standard for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications First Edition February 15, 2013 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists

13、of the First Edition including revisions through July 3, 2013. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 1973 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on February 15, 2013. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Title Page, or effective date information

14、. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor

15、 electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2013 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 1973-2013UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHOR

16、IZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .6 2 Units of Measurement .8 3 References

17、and Components .8 4 Glossary .8 CONSTRUCTION 5 General .12 5.1 Non-metallic materials .12 5.2 Metallic parts resistance to corrosion 14 5.3 Enclosures .14 5.4 Wiring and terminals 15 5.5 Spacings and separation of circuits 17 5.6 Insulation levels and protective grounding and bonding 19 5.7 System s

18、afety analysis .20 5.8 Protective circuit and controls .21 5.9 Cooling/thermal management system 22 5.10 Electrolyte containment parts and parts subject to pressure .22 5.11 Cells (battery and electrochemical capacitor) 23 PERFORMANCE 6 General .25 7 Determination of Potential for Fire Hazard 27 8 I

19、mportant Test Considerations .27 9 Single Fault Conditions .28 10 Test Results .28 11 Determination of Toxic Emissions .30 12 Tolerances .31 ELECTRICAL TESTS 13 Overcharge Test 31 14 Short Circuit Test .32 15 Overdischarge Protection Test .34 16 Temperature and Operating Limits Check Test .35 17 Imb

20、alanced Charging Test .36 18 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test .37 19 Continuity Test .38 20 Failure of Cooling/Thermal Stability System 39 21 Working Voltage Measurements 40 22 Tests on Electrical Components 40 22.1 Locked-rotor test for low voltage dc fans/motors in secondary circuits 40 22.2 Inpu

21、t 40 22.3 Leakage current 41 22.4 Strain relief test 41 22.5 Push-back relief test 41 FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MECHANICAL TESTS 23 Vibration Test (LER Applications) 42 24 Shock Test (LER Appl

22、ications) .43 25 Crush Test (LER Applications) .44 26 Static Force Test .45 27 Impact Test 46 28 Drop Impact Test .48 29 Wall Mount Fixture/Handle Test 49 30 Mold Stress Test .50 31 Pressure Release Test 50 32 Start-To-Discharge Test .50 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS 33 Thermal Cycling Test 51 34 Resistance t

23、o Moisture Test 52 35 Salt Fog Test .53 36 External Fire Exposure Test 54 37 Internal Fire Exposure Test 56 MARKINGS 38 General 56 INSTRUCTIONS 39 General 57 MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION LINE TESTS 40 General 58 Appendix A Standard for Components.A1 Appendix B Test program for sodium-beta battery ce

24、lls B1 General .B1 B2 Cell Tests .B1 B2.1 Electrical B1 B2.2 Mechanical B2 B2.3 Environmental .B3 FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL APPENDIX C Test program for owing electrolyte batteries C1 General .

25、C1 C2 Materials Containing Electrolyte Resistance to Deterioration from Fluids C1 C3 Materials Containing Electrolyte Temperature Exposure .C1 C4 Flowing Electrolyte Cell Stack Tests C2 C4.1 Vibration of cell stack C2 C4.2 Shock test on cell stack C2 C4.3 Short circuit test on cell stack .C3 C5 Flow

26、ing Electrolyte Battery System Tests .C3 C5.1 Hydraulic pressure test .C3 C5.2 Leakage test C4 C5.3 Electrolyte blockage tests .C4 C5.4 Short circuit test .C5 C5.5 Shunt current determination .C5 C6 Spill Containment Systems C6 APPENDIX D Metal compatibility table FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 5UL COPYR

27、IGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover electric energy storage systems as dened by this standard for use as energy storage for stationary applications such as for PV, wind turbine storage or

28、 for UPS, etc. applications. These systems are to be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA 70 or other applicable installation codes. 1.2 These requirements also cover electric energy storage systems (EESS) as dened by this standard for use in light electric rail (LER) a

29、pplications and stationary rail applications such as rail substations. These systems are intended for installation within either the rail car or within a sheltered stationary location such as a rail substation. These electric energy storage systems may utilize regenerative braking from the trains as

30、 a source of energy for recharging and are intended for direct or indirect connection to the rail power lines. These electric energy storage systems are intended for balancing loads during peak hours, serving as an energy storage device during regenerative breaking of the trains, and as a source of

31、emergency power to move trains to the nearest station during power outages. 1.3 Appendix B of this standard includes requirements specic to sodium-beta type technologies. Appendix C of this standard includes requirements specic to owing electrolyte technologies. 1.4 This standard evaluates the elect

32、ric energy storage systems ability to safely withstand simulated abuse conditions. This standard evaluates the system based upon the manufacturers specied charge and discharge parameters. 1.5 This standard does not evaluate the performance (i.e. capacity measurements under various discharge conditio

33、ns) or reliability (i.e. capacity measurements under various environmental conditions) of these devices. 1.6 Figure 1.1 is a boundary diagram example for an electric energy storage system for this application. Figure 1.2 is a boundary diagram example for a module for this application. This is genera

34、ted text for gtxt. FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL This is generated text for gtxt. Figure 1.1 Components of an electric energy storage system Figure 1.2 Module boundary diagram Module - Module Inte

35、rconnects (High Voltage Sub) Low Voltage Sub System Cell & Module Protection Controls Voltage/Temperature Sensing Module restraints, Base Tray, Tab Isolation Board (Battery Pack Structure) Cell-to-Cell Inter-connect Assembly Temperature Sensors Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Retention (Frame) Cooling Chan

36、nel Assembly Thermal Management System Coolant Distrubution (Thermal Management) Cell and Retainer Assembly Module Sub System Key - Boundary Types Physical Material Data* Energy* * Data & Energy includes physical input & output of cable and connector su0991 Cell Cell Cell Cell Cell Retention (Frame)

37、 Cooling Channel Assembly Thermal Management System Cell and Retainer Assembly Module Sub System Temperature Sensors Cell-to-Cell Inter-connect Assembly FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2 Units of Me

38、asurement 2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 3 References and Components 3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline of investigation shall be interpreted as re

39、ferring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3.2 A component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally used in the products covered by this standard. 4 Glossary 4.1 BATT

40、ERY A general term for either a single cell or a group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel conguration. 4.2 BATTERY PACK Batteries that are ready for use, contained in a protective enclosure, which may or may not contain protective devices, cooling systems and monitoring c

41、ircuitry. Although batteries may be the dominant energy storage device in the pack, the battery pack may include electrochemical capacitors as a type of hybrid pack. 4.3 CAPACITOR PACK Electrochemical capacitors that are ready for use in an electric energy storage system, contained in a protective e

42、nclosure, with or without protective devices, cooling systems, and monitoring circuitry. Although electrochemical capacitors may be the dominant energy storage device in the pack, the capacitor pack may include batteries as a type of hybrid pack. 4.4 CAPACITY, RATED (C n ) The total number of ampere

43、-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery at a specic discharge rate to a specic end-of-discharge voltage (EODV) at a specied temperature as declared by the manufacturer. 4.5 CASING The container that directly encloses and connes the contents of a cell or electrochemical capacitor. 4

44、.6 CELL The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, separators, container, and terminals. It is a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy. 4.7 CELL BLOCK One or more cells connected in parallel. 4.8 CHARGING The application

45、 of electric current to battery or capacitor terminals, which results in a Faradic reaction that takes place within the battery that leads to stored electro-chemical energy or in the case of the capacitor, due to electrical charge being stored without a chemical reaction taking place. 4.9 CHARGING,

46、CONSTANT CURRENT (CC) Charging mode where current is held constant while charging voltage is allowed to vary. 4.10 CHARGING, CONSTANT VOLTAGE (CV) Charging mode where voltage is held constant while charging current is allowed to vary. 4.11 DUT Device under test. FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 8UL COPYRIG

47、HTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4.12 ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM Consists of a pack and external controls and circuitry related to the pack such as cooling systems, disconnects or protection devices external to the pack. 4.13 ELECTR

48、OCHEMICAL CAPACITOR An electric energy storage device where electrical charge is typically stored as a result of non-Faradaic reactions at the electrodes. (A subset of electrochemical capacitors referred to as an asymmetric type have non-Faradaic reactions at one electrode and Faradaic reactions at

49、the other electrode.) A highly-porous surface of the electrodes increases the surface area for holding charge resulting in much larger capacitance and energy density. Electrochemical capacitors differ from common electrolytic capacitors in that they employ a liquid rather than a solid dielectric with charge occurring at the liquid-solid interface of the electrodes when a potential is applied. Some other common names for an electrochemical capacitor are double layer capacitor , u