SAE J 304-2016 Engine Oil Tests.pdf

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1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther

2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this

3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49

4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J304_201606 SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT J304 JUN2016 Issued 1942-01 Revis

5、ed 2016-06Superseding J304 MAR2007 Engine Oil Tests RATIONALE This procedure gives a brief description of the different ASTM tests used to qualify lubricants per various API and ILSAC specifications. This procedure was updated to reflect new lubricant specifications and new tests that they require.

6、1. SCOPE The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to describe test conditions and performance evaluation factors for both diesel and gasoline engine tests. Specifically, the tests described in this document are used to measure the engine performance requirements for engine oils described by the

7、 API Service Categories described in API Publication 1509, ASTM D 4485, SAE J183, and SAE J1423 standards, U.S. military specifications, and ILSAC GF Standards. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless

8、otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance

9、and Engine Service Classification (Other than “Energy Conserving”) SAE J1423 Classification of Energy Conserving Engine Oil for Passenger Cars, Vans, Sport Utility Vehicles, and Light-Duty Trucks SAE J1899 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Piston Engine (Ashless Dispersant) SAE J1966 Lubricating Oils, Aircr

10、aft Piston Engine (Non-Dispersant Mineral Oil) SAE J2362 Lubricating Oil, Automotive Engine, API Service SM for Military Administrative Service SAE J2363 Lubricating Oil for Wheeled Military Vehicles with Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 2 of 9 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Av

11、ailable from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D 4485 Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils ASTM Special Technical Publication 315I, Part I - Multicylinder Test Sequences for Evaluating Au

12、tomotive Engine Oils ASTM D 6709 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the CRC L-38 Spark-Ignition Engine - Sequence VIII ASTM D 6593 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion E

13、ngine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions - Sequence VG Procedure ASTM D 6984 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine ASTM D 5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower

14、 Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine ASTM D 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-8 Diesel Engine ASTM D 7320 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine ASTM D 6891 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive

15、Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine ASTM D 6894 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbrocharged Automotive Diesel Engine ASTM D 6923 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel

16、 Engine - Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure ASTM D 6681 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine - Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure ASTM D 6618 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single C

17、ylinder Oil Test Engine SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 3 of 9 ASTM D 6750 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine - 1K Procedure (0.4% Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04% Fuel Sulfur) ASTM D7156 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Di

18、esel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine ASTM D7422 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine ASTM D 7484 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB

19、 Medium-Duty Diesel Engine ASTM D 7468 Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test ASTM D 7589 Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light Duty Trucks in the Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine 2.1.3 API Publication Avail

20、able from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, Tel: 202-682-8000, www.api.org. API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System 2.1.4 International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) Standards Available from Alliance of Automobile Man

21、ufacturers, 1401 Eye Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005, Tel: 202-326-5500, www.autoalliance.org. 2.2 Related Publications 2.2.1 Military Specifications and Commercial Item Descriptions Available from DODSSP, Subscripton Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 191

22、11-5094. MIL-PRF-2104J Lubricating Oil - Internal Combustion Engine - Tactical Service MIL-PRF-21260E Lubricating Oil - Internal Combustion Engine - Preservative and Break-in MIL-PRF-46167D Lubricating Oil - Internal Combustion Engine - Arctic Service 3. TEST APPLICABILITY Engine tests have been use

23、d for many years to determine performance characteristics of engine oils, and the development of new engine tests is an ongoing process. The included API service categories based on current tests are the SH, SJ, SL, SM, SN, CF, CF-2, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4 and Energy Conserving categories. The

24、 current U.S. military specifications included are the MIL-PRF-2104J, MIL-PRF-21260E, and MIL-PRF-46167D specifications. The included current ILSAC Standard is GF-5. 4. DIESEL ENGINE TESTS Many tests for piston ring sticking, piston ring and cylinder wear, valve train wear, oil consumption, oil thic

25、kening, and general deposit accumulation have been developed using single-cylinder and multi-cylinder compression ignition (diesel) engines. Current single-cylinder tests in use include the Caterpillar 1K, 1M-PC, 1N, 1P, and 1R. Current multi-cylinder tests include the Caterpillar C13 and COAT Cummi

26、nsISM, and ISB, Mack/Volvo T-8, T-11, T-12, and T-13,General Motors RFWT (Roller Follower Wear Test) and the International Truck EOAT. (See Tables 1A, 1B, and 2.) SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 4 of 9 Table 1A - Diesel engine test conditions Engine Displacement cm3Engine Displacement in3Test Du

27、ration, h total Test Duration, h each phase Engine Speed, rpm Fuel Rate, kg/h Fuel Rate, lb/h Load bmep, kPa Load bmep, psi T-8 12 000 728 300(1)1800 63.3 139.5 1459 212 T-11 11 931 728 252 1800 53.5 118.0 1421 206 T-12 11 931 728 300 100200 1800 1200 59.2 63.5 130.5 140.0 1475 2713 214 394 T-13 12

28、780 780 360 1500 68 149.9 2163 314ISM 10 824 660 200 50 50 1800 1600 58.0 64.4 128.0 144.0 x x x x ISB 5900 360 350 100250 1600 800-2600 20.0 varies 44.0 varies x varies x varies 1K 2400 149 252 2100 11.1 24.48 1240 1801M-PC 2200 134 120 1800 102.8 17.92 972 141 1N 2400 149 252 2100 11.1 24.48 1 240

29、 1801P 2400 146 360 1800 11.1 24.48 1496 217 1R 2400 146 504 1800 14.4 31.75 1851 268.5C13 12 800 781 500 1800 72 158.7 1750 253.9 RFWT 6500 397 50 1000 9.4 20.72 x x EOAT COAT 7300 12800 444 781 20 50 3000 1800 41 7 90 15.43 855 0 124 0 1. The test duration for category CG-4 is 250 h, and 300 h for

30、 CH-4 and CI-4. SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 5 of 9 Table 1B - Diesel engine test conditions Air-to- Engine Temperature C Air-to- Engine Temperature F Air-to- Engine Pressure Abs., kPa Air-to- Engine Pressure Abs., inch Hg Water Outlet Temperature C Water Outlet Temperature F Oil-to- Bearing

31、Temperature C Oil-to- Bearing Temperature F Fuel Sulfur, % mass T-8 43 109 186-199 55-59 85 185 100-107 212-225 0.03-0.05 T-11 70 158 160 47.4 66 150 88 190 0.03-0.05T-12 90 80 194 175 271 310 78.5 90.0 66 108 150 226 88 116 190 240 0.0008-.0012 T-13 78 172 330 97.4 110 230 130 266 0.0008-.0012 ISM

32、80 65.5 176 150 t300 t320 65.5 65.5 150 150 115 115 239 239 0.03-0.05 0.03-0.05 ISB 6868 154 154 Varies Varies 99 99 210 210 110 110 230 230 0.0008-0.0012 0.0008-0.0012 1K 127 260 240 71 93 199.4 107 224.6 0.38-0.421M-PC 124 255 179 53 87.8 190 96 205 0.38-0.42 1N 127 260 240 71 93 200 107 225 0.03-

33、0.051P 60 140 272 81 90 194 130 266 0.03-0.05 C13 40 104 380 112.2 88 190.4 98 208.4 0.0008-0.0012 RFWT 32 89.6 97 28.6 120 248 120 248 0.04-0.05 EOAT COAT 29 40 84 104 220 115-130 65 34-38 100 90 212 194 121 max. 90 250 max. 194 0.03-0.05 0.0008-0.0012 SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 6 of 9 Tab

34、le 2 - Diesel engine test references, performance evaluation factors, and applications Test Procedure Reference See 2.1.2 Evaluation Deposits Evaluation Wear Evaluation Oil Consumption Evaluation Other Test Application (See 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.1) T-8 ASTM D 5967 X Oil Thickening, Filter Plugging API, CH

35、-4, CI-4, CI-4 Plus MIL-PRF-2104J T-11 ASTM D 7156 Oil Thickening API CI-4 PLUS, CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4 T-12 ASTM D 7422 X X API CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4 T-13 Research Report and Procedure in Draft form Oxidation CK-4, FA-4 ISM ASTM D7484 X X Filer Plugging API CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4 ISB ASTM D 7468 X API CJ-4, CK-4, F

36、A-4 1K ASTM D 6750 X X API), CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 Plus MIL-PRF-2104J 1M-PC ASTM D 6618 X , MIL-PRF-46167D, MIL-PRF-21260E 1N ASTM D 6750 X X API, API CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4 MIL-PRF-46167D, MIL-PRF-21260E 1P ASTM D 6681 X X API CH-4, MIL-PRF-2104J 1R ASTM D 6923 X X API CI-4, MIL-PRF-2104J C13 Research Report

37、and Procedure in Draft form X X API CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4 RFWT ASTM D 5966 X API, MIL-PRF-2104J, MIL-PRF-46167D, MIL-PRF-21260E, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CJ-4, CK-4, FA-4 EOAT COAT ASTM D 6894 Research Report and Procedure in Draft form Oil Aeration Oil Aeration API, CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CJ-4, MIL-PRF-2104J CK

38、-4, FA-4 SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 7 of 9 Table 3 - Gasoline engine test conditions Test Engine Type Engine Displace- ment cm3Engine Displace- ment in3Time Total, h Time Each Phase Air-Fuel Ratio Load KW Load bhp Fuel Flow Kg/h Fuel Flow lb/h Speed, rpm Temper- ature Coolant C Temper- atur

39、e Coolant F Temper- ature Oil C Temper- ature Oil F Sequence VIII Single 700 42.5 40 13.43 Not Controlled Not Controlled 2.14-2.36 4.5-5.0 3150 93.3 200 143.3(1)290(1)Sequence IIIF V6 3800 231 80 10 h 15:1 75.4 101 19.0 41.8 3600 122.0 251.6 155.0 311.0 Sequence IIIG V6 3800 231 100 20 h 15:1 94 126

40、 22.5 49.5 3600 115 239 150.0 302.0 Seqence IVA I4 2400 147 100 50 min 14.4 2.09 2.80 1.30 2.87 800 50 122.0 49 120.2 10 min 14. 3.93 5.27 2.15 4.74 1500 55 131. 59 138.Sequence VG V8 4600 281 216 2 h 1.0(2)24.00 32.18 6.80 14.99 1200 57 134.6 68 154.4 75 min 1.0(2)60.30 80.86 16.20 35.72 2900 85 18

41、5.0 100 212.0 45 min 0.75(2)1.30 1.74 2.10 4.63 700 45 113.0 45 113.0 Sequence VID V6 3600 219 153 1.5 h 14.0-15.0 22.0 29.0 1200 109 228 115 239 1.5 h 14.0-15.0 22.0 29.0 2000 65 149 65 149 1. h 14.0-15. 16.5 22. 1500 109 228 115 239 1.5 h 14.0-15.0 1.5 2.0 695 109 228 115 239 1.5 h 1.5 h 14.0-15.0

42、14.0-15.0 1.5 2.9 2.0 3.9 695 695 35 109 94 228 35 115 94 239 1. For SAE J1966 and SAE J1899, the oil temperature is 135 C (275 F). 2. Equivalence ratio is controlled by monitoring lambda values. SAE INTERNATIONAL J304 JUN2016 Page 8 of 9 Table 4 - Gasoline engine test references, performance evalua

43、tion factors, and applications Test Procedure Reference (Reference 2.1.2) Evaluation Rust and Corrosion Evaluation Sludge Evaluation Varnish Evaluation Wear Evaluation Other Test Application (See References 2.1.1, 2.1.1.1, 2.1.1.2, 2.1.2.1) Sequence VIII ASTM D 6709 Bearing Weight Loss, shear stabil

44、ity API SH, API SJ, API SL, API SM, API SN, , ILSAC GF-5, MIL-PRF-46167D, MIL-PRF-21260E Sequence IIIF ASTM D 6984 X X X Oil Thickening, Ring Sticking API SJ, SL, CH-4, CI-4, CJ-4 MIL-PRF-2104J Sequence IIIG(IIIGA &IIIGB) ASTM D7320 X X Oil Thickening, Ring Sticking, piston deposits, high temperatur

45、e wear API SM, API SN, , ILSAC GF-5 MIL-PRF-2104J Sequence IVA ASTM D 6891 X Valve train wear API SJ, SL, API SM, API SN, 4, ILSAC GF-5 Sequence VG ASTM D 6593 X X Ring Sticking, Oil Ring Clogging, PCV Clogging, Oil Screen Clogging ,API SJ, API SL, API SM, API SN, GF-5 Sequence VID ASTM D 7589 New a

46、nd Used Oil Fuel Economy API Resource Conserving, ILSAC GF-5 5. GASOLINE ENGINE TESTS Lubricant performance is evaluated in gasoline engine tests in terms of rust and corrosion, sludge, varnish, piston ring zone deposits and condition, wear, bearing corrosion, and fuel efficiency. For those tests li

47、sted in SAE J183 and SAE J1423, Table 3 gives the test conditions and Table 4 gives procedure references, evaluation factors, and the API performance categories, U.S. military specifications, and ILSAC Standards in which the tests are included. 6. MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS Military performance specifi

48、cations (i.e., MIL-PRF-) have historically been used as both primary performance specifications, as well as a part of the procurement process via Qualified Products Lists (QPLs). Recently, there has been an effort to adopt commercial standards in lieu of military specifications where applicable. In

49、other instances, military specifications have been converted to SAE standards, and the military specifications cancelled or are pending cancellation. In a similar effort, several military commercial item descriptions (CIDs) have been converted to SAE standards. An example of this is the conversion of CID A-A-52039 to SAE J2362. The SAE J2362 and SAE J2363 standards are intended for the engines of administrati