[医学类试卷]2012年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2012 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）The womans condition is critical.（B） The woman has been picking up quite well.（C） The womans illness was caused by a mosquito bite.（D）The woman wont see the doctor any more.（A）A broken finger.（B） A terrible cough.（C） Frontal headaches.（D）Eye problem.（A）She needs a

2、 physical examination.（B） She is in good health.（C） Its good to have a doctor friend.（D）Its good to visit the doctor.（A）He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.（B） He prefers to get antioxidants from food.（C） He doesnt mind eating a lot every day.（D）He is overcautious sometimes.（A）The blouse is

3、 a bargain.（B） The blouse is too expensive.（C） The blouse is colorful.（D）The blouse is so fashionable.（A）To queue for a ticket.（B） To take mans offer.（C） To buy a ticket online.（D）To try an agency.（A）She disagrees with the man.（B） She couldnt agree with the man more.（C） Its hard for them to fulfill

4、their plans.（D）Its impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.（A）One minute.（B） Fifteen minutes.（C） Half an hour.（D）Five minutes.（A）She is freezing cold.（B） She is crazy about ice cream.（C） She has a headache.（D）She has brain fever.（A）She cant wait for the man.（B） She is very eager to see the

5、 man.（C） She will go to the USA with the man.（D）She expects the man to stay.（A）A cold.（B） A headache.（C） A hoarse voice.（D）Insomnia.（A）To go to Susan for advice.（B） To try to think like Susan.（C） To break up with Susan.（D）To have a date with Susan.（A）She will become a famous singer soon.（B） She will

6、 become an American idol.（C） She will sign up for a talent show.（D）She will surely stand out from the crowd.（A）To take a month off work.（B） To rest in bed as much as possible.（C） To take some herbal medicine.（D）To put on plaster.（A）The Chinese face cream.（B） The American face cream.（C） The French pe

7、rfume.（D）The medication.二、Section B（A）White blood cell count.（B） Red blood cell count.（C） X-ray.（D）ECG.（A）Too much work to do.（B） A heavy load of studying.（C） Her daughters sickness.（D）Her insufficient income.（A）Leukemia.（B） Gastric ulcer.（C） Immune disease.（D）Gastric influenza.（A）Take the white tab

8、lets three times a day.（B） Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.（C） Take one or two white tablets at a time.（D）Take two charcoal tablets a day.（A）Stay off work.（B） Drink plenty of liquids.（C） Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.（D）Postpone your exercise when sick.（A）35 million.（B） 34 million.（C

9、） 25 million.（D）20 million.（A）Author, professor and dreamer.（B） Writer, professor and insomniac.（C） Author, psychologist and insomniac.（D）Dramatist, psychologist and scientist.（A）Sleeping in 8-hour consolidated blocks.（B） Sleeping during day time.（C） Going to bed soon after dark.（D）Two blocks of 4-h

10、our sleep with a waking break.（A）Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.（B） Because they sleep very little.（C） Because they are insensitive.（D）Because they cant complain.（A）Sleep is highly variable, and wears out with age.（B） Falling asleep is a gradual process.（C） Sleeping less will help

11、you lose weight.（D）People need to sleep eight hours a day.（A）Eight-year-olds.（B） Twelve-year-olds.（C） Seventeen-year-olds.（D）Adults.（A）The use off MRI.（B） The use of computer tasks.（C） The three-way division of the subjects.（D）The instructions given to the subjects.（A）12-year-olds respond strongly t

12、o negative feedback.（B） 12-year-olds function the same as 8-year-olds.（C） 8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.（D）12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.（A）Not bad.（B） Excellent.（C） Not so good.（D）Got it wrong this time.（A）Scientists.（B） The general public.（C） Teachers at the kind

13、ergarten.（D）Children with Attention Deficit Disorder.三、Section A31 Her dietician suggested that_diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.（A）temperate（B） temporary（C） tentative（D）tempting32 His health compels him to_in his early 30s.（A）come off（B） knock off（C） drop off（D）pull off33 Two

14、days later he regained his consciousness, forgetful of what had happened in the_.（A）transparency（B） transiency（C） trance（D）trace34 Despite financial belt-tightening this year, Christmas still represents a great time for_.（A）arrogance（B） surveillance（C） indulgence（D）turbulence35 A succession of_visit

15、s by the two countries leaders have taken their relations out of the cooler over the past 20 months.（A）reciprocal（B） receptive（C） repulsive（D）Redundant36 The prime minister, beset by_support rate, made the decision to resign over the weekend to avoid a political vacuum.（A）spontaneous（B） strenuous（C）

16、 soaring（D）sluggish37 Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for 2, 753 dishes and drinks to_public opinions.（A）solicit（B） perceive（C） conceive（D）investigate38 The greatest risk for rickets is in_breastfed infants who are not supplemented with 400 IU of Vitamin D a day.（A）excepti

17、onally（B） practically（C） exclusively（D）proportionately39 The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_to every remote village for the improvement of farmers livelihoods.（A）grid（B） grant（C） grove（D）grandeur40 Social scientists believe that societies with a_of young men wi

18、thout hope of marriage suffer from instability, violence and surges in crime.（A）swarmage（B） hatch（C） gang（D）surplus四、Section B41 She, a crazy fan, felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.（A）glimpse（B） gust（C） panic（D）pack42 She could never transcend her resentments against her mo

19、thers partiality for her brother.（A）discipline（B） complain（C） conquer（D）defy43 One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind, nor compromise with it.（A）belittle（B） exaggerate（C） ponder（D）eliminate44 In light of his good record, the police accepted defense.（A）In place of（B） In view of（C） In spi

20、te of（D）In search of45 City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.（A）accused（B） punished（C） dismissed（D）suspended46 An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April 2009.（A）attached to

21、（B） ascribed to（C） composed of（D）related to47 When a forest goes ablaze, it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds, including carbon monoxide.（A）puts out（B） passes off（C） pulls out（D）sends out48 Unfortunately, the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake, so they had to do the whole th

22、ing again from scratch.（A）from the beginning（B） from now on（C） from time to time（D）from the bottom49 Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research that promises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.（A）administers（B） nurtures（C） inspires

23、（D）ensures50 Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides for the disruption of human hormones.（A）disturbance（B） distraction（C） intersection（D）interpretation五、Part Cloze50 Dear Dr. Benjamin, Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General

24、. Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to【C1 】_health disparities among underserved populations, no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans. Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his o

25、r her own lasting legacy. Dr. Koop focused on smoking prevention. Dr. Satcher, one of【C2】_mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health. We encourage you to build your own legacy【C3 】_concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effe

26、ctive. This also is an important issue for Members of Congress, many of whom believe that【C4】_prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives. The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative. ACSM,

27、 the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,【C5 】_ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors especially physical activity throughout the life span. During this crucial period of health system reform, weve been advocating for strategies that support preventiv

28、e medicine not just through diagnostic testing,【C6】_promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost. In fact, ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon Generals office, focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our E

29、xercise Is MedicineTM program, a program that【C7】_calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine. As you are【C8】_aware, physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions such as heart disease, type II diabetes, a

30、nd obesity that currently plague our country. Your example as【C9】_whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed. Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed, we would【C10 】_the opportunity to meet with you and your

31、staff to discuss how we, along with other leading health organizations, can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity. Again, Dr, Benjamin, I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes. Sincerely, James Pivarnik, Ph.D., FACSM President, American College of Sports Medicine51 【

32、C1 】（A）handle（B） eliminate（C） achieving（D）addressing52 【C2 】（A）his own（B） our own（C） your own（D）her own53 【C3 】（A）around（B） above（C） at（D）across54 【C4 】（A）promoted（B） promoting（C） having been promoting（D）having been promoted55 【C5 】（A）put（B） got（C） sits（D）stands56 【C6 】（A）but for（B） but that（C） but

33、by（D）but also57 【C7 】（A）arguably（B） excessively（C） specifically（D）exceptionally58 【C8 】（A）well（B） better（C） the very（D）the most59 【C9 】（A）those（B） one（C） this（D）it60 【C10 】（A）greet（B） welcome（C） deserve（D）celebrate六、Part Reading Comprehension60 As the defining epidemic of a modern age notable for ov

34、erconsumption and excess, obesity is hard to beat. The increased availability of high-fat, high-sugar foods, along with more sedentary lifestyles, has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond 400 million, and the number of overweight to more than 1.6 billion. By 2015, those figures

35、 are likely to grow to 700 million and 2.3 billion respectively, according to the World Health Organization. Given the health implications increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing, right?Those who ag

36、ree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop “diet pills“ that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine, which works by inducing a sense of fullness, is twice as e

37、ffective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity. But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention. There are seve

38、ral reasons for this. For a start, the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight, such as limiting what you eat, increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise, are beneficial for our health in many ways.Second, overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire

39、 planet. Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat. As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth, technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third, interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an i

40、mpact on other aspects of a persons personality and their mental and physical health.We need two approaches: more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible, and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death. Cynics will say wev

41、e tried education and it hasnt worked. That is defeatist: getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort, held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need, and by the food industrys ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few as a l

42、ast resort. But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle, and the solution must be too.61 In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect_.（A）a close link between growing obese and developing disease（B） the inevitable diseases of modern civilization（C） the war against the ep

43、idemic we have lost（D）the urgency of the global phenomenon62 When it comes to the recently reported diet pills, the author would say that_.（A）drugs are no replacement of prevention（B） the technical advance is not necessarily good news（C） the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemic（D）the

44、 mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified63 Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the authors argument?（A）Belittling good health behavior.（B） Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.（C） Making trouble for our social environment.（D）Having implication

45、s for mental and physical health.64 The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_.（A）their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foods（B） the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesity（C） their excuses for their genetic susceptibility t

46、o obesity（D）the defeatism prevailing in the general populations 65 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（A）No Quick Fix（B） Disease of Civilization（C） Pursuing a Technical Fix（D）A War on Global Obesity65 An abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon fea

47、ture pagodas and Tai Chi parks. A $700 million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown 22 miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg, housing 2,000 residents by 2010.The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinat

48、owns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an “authentic Chinese experience.“ “Youll be able to experience China, go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,“ says Stefan Kunigam, managing director of Bandenburg-China-Project-Management GmbH.The project has attracted investors in both Ge

49、rmany and China, reports Christoph Lang of Berlins Trade and Industry promotion Office. “Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here.“ He says. “The cultural environment is very important for them. You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown.“Germany is home to about 72,000 Chinese migrants(2002 Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early 1930s in Hamburg, when most of t