[考研类试卷]2016年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2016 年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 domestic airport2 international airline3 space craft4 radio navigation5 electronic age6 tour arrangement7 VIP room8 boarding gate9 public relationship10 aircraft carrier11 wireless network12 air crew13 the Belt and Road14 heating system15 anti-ice汉译英16 黑匣子17 外层空间18

2、 免税店19 旅行支票20 单程21 国际电话22 更改航班23 参数24 救生筏25 乘务员26 经济舱27 红眼航班28 当地时间29 危险品30 座位号英译汉31 The word “highway“ is a misleading name of this phenomenon. This “highway“ is more a social and commercial environment than a static network. The “highway“ is composed of a network, and computing resources, but more

3、 importantly, the “highway“ defines a new environment for people, and organizations to interact and communicate with each other. It is for these reasons that the building of such a “highway“ must be done as a cooperative task force, rather than the more traditional service provider/ user model that

4、has been used in the past. Based on these concepts the information highway can be defined as; “A location-independent user environment that uses high speed networking and computing for multimedia communications.32 The fight for womens rights is central to the UNs global mission. Fifteen years ago, i

5、n Beijing, governments committed themselves to equality, development and peace for all women in all countries. The Beijing Declaration was a landmark on the road to womens empowerment. It has guided policy making. It has inspired women and girls to strive for equality and opportunity and reminded ev

6、eryone that this is their right.We have seen progress. Girls are now more likely to receive an education. Women are now more likely to run business or participate in government. But much work remains. Death in Children is still too common. Too few women have access to family planning. Violence again

7、st women remains a cause of global shame. I just appointed a special representative to mobilize international action to address these crimes. At the United States itself, we have more women in senior posts than at any time in history.汉译英33 我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子。我从北京

8、到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。父亲说：“ 事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路!”回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。这些日子，家中光景很是惨淡，一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲赋闲。丧事完毕，父亲要到南京谋事，我也要回北京念书，我们便同行。34 二十年来，我生活费中至少十分之一二是消耗在书上的。我的房子里比较贵重的东西就是书。书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读，篇幅大的，只把正文任择一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。除小说外，我少有全体读完的大部的书，只凭了购人当时的记忆，知道某册书是何种

9、性质，其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已。什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻，连我自己也无把握，完全要看一个时期一个时期的兴趣。2016 年南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 国内机场2 【正确答案】 国际航线3 【正确答案】 宇宙飞船4 【正确答案】 无线电导航5 【正确答案】 电子时代6 【正确答案】 旅游安排7 【正确答案】 贵宾室8 【正确答案】 登机门9 【正确答案】 公共关系10 【正确答案】 航空母舰11 【正确答案】 无线网络12 【正确答案】 空勤人员；机组人员13 【正确答案】 一带一路14 【正确答案】 供暖系统15 【正确答案】 防结冰汉译英16

10、 【正确答案】 black box17 【正确答案】 outer space18 【正确答案】 dutyfree shop19 【正确答案】 travelers cheque20 【正确答案】 one way21 【正确答案】 international call22 【正确答案】 rescheduling a flight23 【正确答案】 parameter24 【正确答案】 life raft25 【正确答案】 steward26 【正确答案】 economy classcoach class27 【正确答案】 redeye flight28 【正确答案】 local time29 【正

11、确答案】 hazardous article30 【正确答案】 seat number英译汉31 【正确答案】 “ 高速公路 ”这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。这条 “高速公路”与其说是一个静态的网络，不如说是一个社会和商业环境。该“ 高速公路”由网络和计算机资源组成，但更重要的是，它确定了一个人与人、组织与组织之间相互交流和沟通的新环境。正是由于这些原因，建设这种“高速公路” 时，必须将其建成协作型的工作小组，而不是过去使用的那种较传统的服务提供商用户模式。基于这些概念，信息高速公路可以定义为：“一种不受地理位置制约、使用高速网络和计算机进行多媒体通讯的用户环境。”【试题解析】 选段出自信息

12、高速公路从期望到实现(The Information SuperhighwayFrom Expectation to Realization)一文，是一篇典型的科技说明文。这类文章的语言客观、准确、严谨，逻辑严密，行文规范。翻译这类文章时，首先要准确理解原文，了解文章内容属于哪一范畴，通读全文，理解大意，对文章有一个宏观的把握，然后再进行微观理解和分析。需要注意的是，译文语言要精练准确，符合科技文语言的特点。32 【正确答案】 为妇女争取权利的斗争是联合国全球使命的重要组成部分。15年前，在北京，各国政府承诺为世界各地所有妇女争取平等权、发展与和平。在妇女赋权的进程中，北京宣言是一座里程碑。它

13、不仅引导了政策的制定，还鼓舞了妇女和女童争取平等和机会，提醒所有人，这是她们的权利。我们已经取得了进展。如今，女孩更有可能接受教育，妇女更有可能经营生意或担任公职。尽管如此，我们仍有大量工作要做。女性因分娩死亡仍是常见的现象；可获得计划生育服务的妇女寥寥无几；暴力侵害妇女的行为仍令全世界蒙羞。我刚刚任命了一位特别代表，负责动员国际社会打击这些犯罪行为。【试题解析】 本文选自 2010 年 3 月 8 日联合国秘书长发表的国际妇女节电视致辞，属于演讲文的范畴。选段介绍了近年来妇女赋权运动所取得的一些成效，以及依然存在的问题。汉译英33 【正确答案】 It is more than two yea

14、rs since I last saw my father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, my grandma passed away and my fathers official appointment was terminated. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening home to atten

15、d the funeral. When I joined him in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of my grandma started tears tricking down my cheeks. “Whats past is gone,“ said my father. “Its no use grieving. Heaven always leaves us some way out.“ After arriving home, he sold or mortga

16、ged all the fortune to clear our debts, and he also borrowed money to cover the funeral expenses. Those were gloomy days for our family, due to the funeral and my fathers unemployment. After the funeral, my father was to go to Nanjing to look for a position, and I was to return to Beijing to study,

17、so we started out together.【试题解析】 本文选自朱自清的背影一文，这是一篇追忆过去的散文，文章用白描记叙事实，很少出现修饰和渲染，语言朴素却感人。进行散文翻译时，考生需要注意汉语意合与英语形合的特点，对原文进行恰当整合，将缺少形式标志、句子结构较为松散的中文处理为有明确连接词连接、逻辑关系显现的英文。34 【正确答案】 For the past twenty years, books have eaten into at least 10-20 percent of my pocket. Now the only things of some value under

18、 my roof, if any, are my books. As soon as a new book comes to hand, I always read the preface first and then the table of contents. If it happens to be a thin one, I often finish it at one sitting. Otherwise, I often browse through one or two chapters or sections before putting it onto my bookshelf

19、. I seldom read a thick book from cover to cover unless it is a novel. By dint of the first impression it made on me at the time of buying, I have a rough idea of what a book is about and what useful materials in it are available to me. But I have little idea which book is to be read or looked over again at what time. It is completely subject to the whims of the moment.【试题解析】 本文选自著名文学家、教育家、出版家夏丐尊的我之于书一文。他的文学创作以散文为主，多随笔、杂感，内容积极，风格平淡朴素。翻译时，和上题中的背影一文一样，需要注意汉语意合和英文形合的特点，同时结合散文语言的特点，对原文句子进行恰当整合。