KS Q ISO 24153-2012 Random sampling and randomization procedures《随机抽样和随机化规程》.pdf

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1、 KSKSKSKSKSKSKSK KSKSKS KSKSK KSKS KSK KS KS Q ISO 24153 KS Q ISO 24153:2012 2012 8 22 http:/www.kats.go.krKS Q ISO 24153:2012 : ( ) ( ) ( ) : (http:/www.standard.go.kr) ： ：2012 8 22 2012-0380 ： ： ( 02-509-7274) (http:/www.kats.go.kr). 10 5 , . KS Q ISO 24153:2012 i ii . iii 1 1 2 1 3 , .1 4 5 5 6 5

2、.1 6 5.2 6 6 .7 6.1 .7 6.2 8 7 .8 7.1 .8 7.2 .9 7.3 .10 7.4 11 8 .11 8.1 .11 8.2 .11 8.3 12 8.4 (derangement)12 8.5 .12 8.6 .12 8.7 (CSP) .13 8.8 .13 8.9 .13 8.10 14 8.11 15 8.12 .15 8.13 .15 8.14 16 8.15 .16 A( ) 18 B( ) .22 C( ) .25 31 KS Q ISO 24153:2012 ii , , . . , . KS Q ISO 2859( ), KS A ISO

3、3951( ), KS Q ISO 8422, KS Q ISO 8423, ( , ) KS Q ISO 13448( ), (APP) KS Q ISO 14560, KS Q ISO 18414, 0 KS Q ISO 21247, 0 KS Q ISO 2859 3 KS Q ISO 21247 . . , . , . , . , ISO . KS Q ISO 11648( ), KS Q ISO 24153:2012 iii 2009 1 ISO 24153, Random sampling and randomization procedures . KS Q ISO 24153:

4、2012 Random sampling and randomization procedures 1 . , , . , , . . a) b) c) d) , , , . . ( ) ISO . 2 . . ( ) . KS A ISO 80000 2, 2： KS Q ISO 3534 1, 1： KS Q ISO 3534 2, 2： KS Q ISO 3534 3, 3： 3 , KS Q ISO 3534 1, KS Q ISO 3534 2, KS Q ISO 3534 3 . 3.1 KS Q ISO 24153:2012 2 3.1.1 (cluster) (3.1.13)

5、(3.1.6) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.28 3.1.2 (cluster sampling) (3.1.1) (3.1.8) (3.1.13) (3.1.12) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.9 3.1.3 (derangement) (complete permutation) ( , 3, 1, 2 1, 2, 3 .) 3.1.4 (lot) (3.1.12) (3.1.6) . KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.4 3.1.5 (multistage sampling) (3.1.11) , (3.1.13) (3.

6、1.12) . . KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.10 3.1.6 (population) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.1 3.1.7 (pseudo-independent random sampling) n (3.1.13) (3.1.11) (3.1.6) n KS Q ISO 24153:2012 3 (3.1.12) (4.4 ) 3.1.8 (random sample) (3.1.9) (3.1.11) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.25 3.1.9 (random sampling) n (3.1.13)

7、(3.1.11) (3.1.6) n (3.1.12) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.5 3.1.10 (randomization) 1 n ( , ), “ ” . n n n , . 3.1.11 (sample) (3.1.13) (3.1.6) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.17 3.1.12 (sampling) (3.1.11) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.1 3.1.13 (sampling unit) (unit) (3.1.6) 1 , . . 2 . KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.1

8、4 KS Q ISO 24153:2012 4 3.1.14 (sampling with replacement) (3.1.13) (3.1.6) (3.1.12) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.15 3.1.15 (sampling without replacement) (3.1.13) (3.1.6) (3.1.12) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.16 3.1.16 (seed) (3.1.7) 3.1.17 (simple random sample) (3.1.18) (3.1.11) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1

9、.2.24 3.1.18 (simple random sampling) (3.1.6) n n (3.1.13) (3.1.11) (3.1.12) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.4 3.1.19 (stratified sampling) (3.1.11) (3.1.21) (3.1.13) (3.1.12) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.6 3.1.20 (stratified simple random sampling) (stratum)(3.1.21) (3.1.18) KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.3.7 3.1.

10、21 (stratum) KS Q ISO 24153:2012 5 KS Q ISO 3534 2:2009, 1.2.29 3.2 , KS A ISO 80000 2 . dii ( ) , N n nii U (0,1) xi x i j! j (factorial) z z (z .) z z z (integer) . . 4 4.1 . . . . . , , , . , . (Equi-probable random sampling) ( ), ( ) . 4.2 , N 1/N . N n Nn . N n (N n 1)! / n! (N 1)! ( ). , 1/N ,

11、 1/(N 1), 1/(N 2), . N n , n n N . N n (possible different unordered random samples) N! / n! (N n)! . n N . N n N! / (N n)! . n N . . 5 3 , 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 (bag) KS Q ISO 24153:2012 6 , . 4.3 . . . . , . , , , ( 9, 10, 12, 13 ), . , . 1 N . 4.4 “ ” . ( 8 ). “ ” ( , ) . , . . 5 5.1 5.1.1 (

12、, , ) N . N . 5.1.2 . . . n . (lottery agencies) . 5.1.3 , . . . n . , . 5.2 5.2.1 ( ) . N , k . kNmeeloglog /= 5.2.2 , di . , dm , dm 1 . . KS Q ISO 24153:2012 7 5.2.3 m di . . =+=miimikdy11)(15.2.4 5.2.3 . N , , . n . 1 20 4 . 5.2.1 , m 5 . 1 , 2 . 1, 2, 1, 2, 2 , 5.2.3 1 (0)24 (1)23 (0)22 (1)21 (

13、1)20 12 . 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2 15, 7, 28 . 28 , . 2 50 4 , 6 . 5.2.1 , m 3 . , , . , 5.2.3 1 50 1 2 . , 1 2 . 1 2 . 3, 3, 4 , 5.2.3 1 (2)62 (2)61 (3)60 88 . . , 1, 3, 4 16 . , 6, 1, 3( 2, 1, 3 ), 5, 6, 6( 1, 6, 6 ), 2, 5, 5 . 39, 36, 65 . 65 . . 3 2 , 1 63 216 . 50 . 1 200 1 5

14、0 , 200 . . 3, 3, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 6, 6, 2, 5, 5 88, 183, 180, 65 . 50 1 50 ( 0 N ). 38, 33, 30, 15 . 4 . . v2 1 (v1 1) modulo N, v1 v2 . 6 6.1 A 2 . 60 0 9 3 600 . A . KS Q ISO 24153:2012 8 10 10 . 10 m . 6.2 6.2.1 N m . 10 , 0 (： N 1 000 , 000 1 000 ). 6.2.2 A.2.2 ( , ). 6.2.3 m 1 10 . 60 , 61, 62 1

15、, 2 . 6.2.4 . 6.2.3 . . 60 , 1 61 . m . 6.2.5 6.2.4 . N , . n . 200 5 . 57 59 . A.1 . 3 ( 1 000) N , 1 1 000 1 200 . . 848, 670, 902, 034, 518. 48, 70, 102, 34, 118 . 7 7.1 7.1.1 1, 7, 13 . , , . C B . 7.1.2 . a) (seed) b) 7.1.3 , 7.1.2 a) 7.2 . 1 2 147 483 398 . . , , . . . B , KS Q ISO 24153:2012 9 . 7.2 7.2.1 . a) b) . a) 7.2.2 2000-01-01 00:00:00 . a) . ( , , , , , , ) . b) de . y, m1, d . m1#include #include #include /* Function prototypes */ int SeedGen(v