EN 15665-2009 en Ventilation for buildings - Determining performance criteria for residential ventilation systems《建筑物通风 住宅通风系统性能标准的测定》.pdf

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1、BS EN 15665:2009ICS 91.140.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDVentilation forbuildings Determiningperformance criteriafor residentialventilation systemsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommit

2、tee on 31 January2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 58954 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15665:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15665:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/2, Ventilati

3、on for buildings, heating and hot waterservices.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a

4、 British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 15665:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15665March 2009ICS 91.140.30English VersionVentilation for buildings - Determining performance criteria forresidential ventilation systemsVentilation des btiments - Dtermi

5、nation des critres deperformance pour les systmes de ventilation rsidentielleLftung von Gebuden - Bestimmung vonLeistungskriterien fr Lftungssysteme in WohngebudenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w

6、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European St

7、andard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national sta

8、ndards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kin

9、gdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15665:2009: EBS EN 15665

10、:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3Introduction 41 Scope 52 Normative references . 53 Terms and definitions . 54 Symbols and units 65 Needs for residential ventilation: main issues 65.1 General . 65.2 General sources of pollutants . 6 5.3 Consequences of this pollution inside a dwell

11、ing 75.4 Expectations about ventilation 7 6 General approach 76.1 Questions, assumptions and way of proceeding 76.2 Requirements for designing a ventilation system . 96.2.1 General . 96.2.2 Assumptions and criteria chosen for ventilation airflow rates values (level 1) . 96.2.3 Assumptions and criter

12、ia chosen for a single calculation representing point (level 2) 106.2.4 Assumptions and criteria chosen for a yearly calculation done for design days (level 3)127 Criteria 157.1 General . 157.2 Threshold or limit of the level 157.3 Weighted average concentration 177.4 Average concentration above a t

13、hreshold with limited compensation . 187.5 Average concentration above a limit 197.6 Dose above a given value 207.7 Decay criteria . 217.8 Use of criteria depending on pollutant . 217.8.1 General . 217.8.2 Criteria for humidity 217.8.3 Criteria for specific activities . 227.8.4 Criteria for backgrou

14、nd pollutant 22Annex A (informative) Example of general requirements (from Switzerland) 23A.1 General requirements for all ventilation systems . 23A.2 Exhaust ventilation systems 23A.2.1 General . 23A.2.2 Requirements for devices (only for exhaust ventilation systems) 23A.2.3 Mechanical Ventilation

15、(with supply and exhaust fans) . 23A.3 Assumptions and criteria chosen for ventilation airflow rates values (level 1) . 27A.3.1 Exhaust ventilation systems 27A.3.2 Mechanical ventilation (with supply and exhaust fans) 27Annex B (informative) Example of occupancy scenario 29BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2

16、009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15665:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorse

17、ment, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for ide

18、ntifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gr

19、eece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 4 Introduction Nowadays most ventilation requirements either in regul

20、ations or in standards are based on required airflow rates. Also, there is relatively limited knowledge about the basis for ventilation flow rates. Airflow rates are however probably the easiest way to express ventilation requirements. Nevertheless it is worthwhile to consider in a more detailed way

21、 the influence of the dilution due to air change on human exposure, in order to understand the ventilation requirements expressed in terms of flow rates. Figure 1 explains the process from pollutant to health risk. This European Standard does not deal with health effects, health risks (linked to noi

22、se, tobacco), dose and energy impact. This European Standard is not intended to design and/or dimension a ventilation system. This European Standard is intended to support any regulation or standard. This European Standard is intended to give guidance to those with responsibility for producing requi

23、rements and standards for residential ventilation systems. It is recommended that future revisions of relevant regulations and standards should consider the content of this European Standard. Figure 1 Pollutant process BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard sets out crite

24、ria to assess the performance of residential ventilation systems (for new, existing and refurbished buildings) which serve single family, multi family and apartment type dwellings throughout the year. This European Standard specifies ways to determine performance criteria to be used for design level

25、s in regulations and/or standards. These criteria are meant to be applied to, in particular: mechanically ventilated building (mechanical exhaust, mechanical supply or balanced system); natural ventilation with stack effect for passive ducts; hybrid system switching between mechanical and natural mo

26、des; windows opening by manual operation for airing or summer comfort issues. This European Standard considers aspects of hygiene and indoor air quality. Health risk from exposure to tobacco smoke is excluded from this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are

27、indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12792:2003, Ventilation for buildings Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols EN 1

28、5242:2007, Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings including infiltration 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 background pollutants group of

29、 indoor pollutants which are continuous and diffuse NOTE 1 These pollutants are represented by materials, furnishings and products used in the dwelling. NOTE 2 These pollutants also include those resulting from human occupation such as water vapour and carbon dioxide from respiration. 3.2 specific p

30、ollutants group of indoor pollutants which are of short duration, and in specific locations in the dwelling NOTE These pollutants are mainly represented by water vapour, carbon dioxide and odours, whose production is related to specific human activities in the dwelling (such as cooking, washing, bat

31、hing). BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 6 3.3 parameter pollutant or marker that is used in the expression of a requirement NOTE 1 More than one parameter may be used at the same time and combined. NOTE 2 Relative humidity, odours, CO2are examples of parameters. 3.4 criteria way (method) to express

32、 the required performance NOTE Criteria can be, for example, numbers of hours above 70 % RH in living room calculated on a standard week basis, number of minutes to reach 25 % of the initial pollution concentration based on a standard pollutant emission in a toilet, average level of CO2above outside

33、 in bedroom on a 10 hours night with two standard persons. 3.5 requirement level of required performance NOTE Requirements can be, for example, “maximum of 100 hours above 70 % in living room“, “less than 10 minutes to reach 25 % of initial “, “less than 800 10-6CO2(generally named ppm) as an averag

34、e“, “minimum of 8 l/s in toilet“, “35 l/s for global ventilation in standard inside/outside conditions“. 4 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the symbols and units given in EN 12792:2003 apply. 5 Needs for residential ventilation: main issues 5.1 General There shall be adequate mea

35、ns of ventilation provided for the building and its occupants. 5.2 General sources of pollutants The following sources of pollutants influencing the ventilation in dwelling shall be considered: Outside environment, such as climate, earth (which can provide radon); Human respiration, odours; Human be

36、haviour, such as cooking, bathing, drying machine, cleaning; Emissions of building materials and furniture; Emissions of cleaning material; Combustion appliance. Each of these sources can produce pollutants. BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 7 5.3 Consequences of this pollution inside a dwelling Dep

37、ending on the pollutant sources given in 5.2, the following consequences can be observed: a) For the building: risk of condensation, risk of dryness, mould growth, fungis, dust mites, interstitial condensation; b) For human health and comfort: carbon monoxide, CO2level and water vapour, temperature,

38、 air velocity, germs, microorganisms, formaldehydes, VOC (volatile organic compounds), “volatile organic compound, odours, noise from outside. 5.4 Expectations about ventilation Considering the pollutant sources and their consequences, the adequate means of ventilation should be provided for one or

39、more of the following purposes: a) Dilution and/or removal of background pollutants such as substances emitted by furnishings and building materials and cleaning materials used in the building, odours, metabolic CO2and water vapour; b) Dilution and/or removal of specific pollutants from identifiable

40、 local sources such as toilet odours, cooking odours, water vapour from cooking or bathing, combustion products; c) Provision of outdoor air for occupants; d) Provision of control of temperature effects (over heating and draught); e) Provision of air for combustion appliances. All these purposes sha

41、ll be considered with regard to the health and comfort of the occupants and integrity of the building. NOTE 1 Ventilation is primarily concerned with the first three purposes (a) to c) but it is linked to the last two (d and e). NOTE 2 When providing ventilation, other aspects of performance includi

42、ng thermal comfort, durability, fire safety, noise and energy use should be considered. 6 General approach 6.1 Questions, assumptions and way of proceeding Before designing a ventilation system, the people involved in regulations and/or standards shall answer lots of questions and assumptions that h

43、ave to be taken into account for calculation. The result of this calculation can be expressed by a continuous explicit airflow rate (e.g. mechanical ventilation with constant airflow rate) or an equivalent airflow in terms of air quality according to conventional assumptions applicable in each count

44、ry (e.g. Technical Approvals). The following way of proceeding shall be used in order to determine airflow rates (see Figure 2): a) Step 1: verify if there is any applicable regulation (health, fire protection, noise, gas, etc.) in the country that leads to certain limit in airflows; b) Step 2: iden

45、tify the parameters which are taken into account or which are considered as relevant; c) Step 3: at this step of the procedure, take into account the 3 following points: BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 8 1) for each parameter, a detailed description shall be made of the nature, sources, distributi

46、on and time dependence; 2) for each parameter, the appropriate criteria shall be chosen as described in Clause 7; 3) assumptions for buildings, ventilation systems, outdoor conditions and occupancy patterns shall be described corresponding to the table at the chosen level described in 6.2; d) Step 4

47、: use the appropriate calculation method able to handle the chosen criteria and assumptions; e) Step 5: make requirements on the chosen criteria and verify the performance of the calculation results with other applicable requirements (health, fire protection, noise, gas, etc.); f) Step 6: give resul

48、ts which can be expressed as an equivalent airflow. Figure 2 Way of proceeding for the determination of airflow rates NOTE The process remains the same but the level of the assumption can be fitted to level 1 to 3; see 6.2. BS EN 15665:2009EN 15665:2009 (E) 9 6.2 Requirements for designing a ventila

49、tion system 6.2.1 General Depending on the parameter taken into account together with the criteria and the building, the appropriate level of calculation method shall be used: ventilation airflow rates values (level 1); calculation done for one point (level 2); yearly calculation done for design days (daily pattern) (level 3). At each level, different tables shall be completed. At ea