BS EN 932-1-1997 Tests for general properties of aggregates - Methods for sampling《集料的一般性能试验 抽样方法》.pdf

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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 932-1 : 1997 The Eu

2、ropean Standard EN 932-1 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1. Methods for samplingBS EN 932-1 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the di

3、rection of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/502 Draft for comment 92/19731 DC ISBN 0 580

4、26804 7 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/502, Aggregates, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engine

5、ers Association of Lightweight Aggregate Manufacturers British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Cement Association British Iron and Steel Producers Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Ready Mixed Concrete Association Department of the Environment Departmen

6、t of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Transport (Highways Agency) Electricity Association Institute of Concrete Technology Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Sand and Gravel Association Limited Society of Chemical Industry The following

7、bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manfacturers Association County Surveyors Society Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service)BS EN 932-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Conten

8、ts Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 932-1 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 932-1 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/502. It is the English language version of EN 932-1 : 1996 Tests for general propertie

9、s of aggregates Part 1: Methods for sampling published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It forms part of a group of European Standards dealing with test methods for aggregates which are being developed by CEN/TC 154 to verify requirements which will be specified in European produ

10、ct standards for aggregates for various end uses. It is intention that this standard will be included in a package of European Standards to be declared by CEN/TC 154 and when all the associated European test methods for aggregates are available, this Part of this European Standard will supersede BS

11、812 : Part 102 : 1989 Testing aggregates Part 102. Methods for sampling. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an i

12、nside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all co

13、untries to CEN and its members. Ref. No. EN 932-1 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 932-1 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM August 1996 ICS 91.100.21 Descriptors: Aggregates, sampling, samples, samplers, marking English version Test for general properties of aggregates Part 1. Methods for sampling Ess

14、ais pour de terminer les proprie te sg e ne rales des granulats Partie 1: Me thodes de chantillonnage Pru fverfahren fu r allgemeine Eigenschaften von Gesteinsko rnungen Teil 1: Probenahmeverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-07-26. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN

15、/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to

16、any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

17、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 932-1 : 1996 BSI 1997 1) In course of preparation. Foreword This

18、European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154, Aggregates, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1997, and confl

19、icting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1997. This European Standard is one of a series of standards for tests for general properties of aggregates as listed below. prEN 932-2: Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples E

20、N 932-3: Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 3: Procedure and terminology for simplified petrographic description prEN 932-4: Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 4: Quantitative and qualitative system for description and petrography 1) prEN 932-5: Tests for general properties

21、 of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration prEN 932-6: Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 6: Definitions of repeatability and reproducibility prEN 932-7: Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 7: Conformity criteria for test results 1) Test methods for other proper

22、ties of aggregates are covered by Parts of the following European Standards: EN 933 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates EN 1097 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates EN 1367 Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates EN 1744 Tests for chemical propertie

23、s of aggregates According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portuga

24、l, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principles of sampling 3 5 Bulk sample and sampling increment quantity and number 3 6 Sampling plan 4 7 Apparatus 4 8 Sampling procedures 4 9 Sample reduction 5 10 Mark

25、ing, packaging and dispatch of the samples 6 11 Sampling report 6 Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment for sampling and sample reduction 8 Annex B (informative) Measurement of sampling variation 13 Annex C (informative) Examples of methods for sampling from conical stockpiles 14 Annex D (info

26、rmative) The use of random numbers for random selection 15 Annex E (informative) Bibliography 18Page 3 EN 932-1 : 1996 BSI 1997 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for obtaining samples of aggregates from deliveries, preparation and processing plants including stocks. The aim of samplin

27、g is to obtain a bulk sample that is representative of the average properties of the batch. The methods specified in this standard are also suitable for obtaining sampling increments which may be tested separately. Methods to be used for sample reduction are also given. The methods specified in this

28、 European Standard are based on manual procedures. Mechanical, or automatic sampling and sample reduction may also be used. Criteria for the design and the assessment of such equipment are given in annex A. The methods specified in this European Standard are limited to civil engineering purposes. 2

29、Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions

30、 of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. prEN 932-5 Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration 3 Defi

31、nitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 batch A production quantity, a delivery quantity, a partial delivery quantity (railway wagon-load, lorry- load, ships cargo) or a stockpile produced at one time under conditions that are presumed uniform. NOTE.

32、With a continuous process the quantity produced during an agreed period is treated as a batch. 3.2 sampling increment A quantity of material taken from a batch by one operation of the sampling apparatus. 3.3 bulk sample An aggregation of the sampling increments. 3.4 representative sample A bulk samp

33、le created by taking sampling increments according to a sampling plan, which makes it likely that the quality of this sample corresponds to that of the batch. 3.5 subsample A sample obtained from sampling increments or a bulk sample by means of a sample reduction procedure. 3.6 laboratory sample A r

34、educed sample derived from a bulk sample for laboratory testing. 3.7 sampler An individual, a number of individuals working as a team, or an organization, taking samples on a routine basis. 4 Principles of sampling Proper and careful sampling and sample transport is a prerequisite for an analysis th

35、at will give reliable results. The correct use of the specified apparatus helps to avoid biased sampling. Sampling variation caused by the heterogeneity of the batch is reduced to an acceptable level by taking an adequate number of sampling increments. If the aggregate is homogenized by production p

36、rocesses, one large increment may be representative of the batch. Sampling increments are selected at random from all parts of the batch that the bulk sample is to represent. Aggregate from which no sampling increment can be taken (because it is not accessible, or for some other practical reason) sh

37、all not be considered to be part of the batch that is represented by the bulk sample. For example, if sampling increments are taken from aggregate discharged from a silo, the bulk sample represents the aggregate that has been discharged, not the aggregate remaining in the silo. The sampler shall be

38、informed of the aim of the sampling. 5 Bulk sample and sampling increment quantity and number The bulk sample quantity shall be calculated taking into account the nature and number of tests, the aggregate sizes, and the density of the aggregate. If there is a need for testing separate sampling incre

39、ments, instead of the bulk sample, the quantity of the sampling increments shall be calculated on the same parameters as given above. Choose the number of sampling increments taken to form the bulk sample on the basis of past experience of sampling similar aggregates from similar production processe

40、s. This experience shall preferably be the recorded result of experiments. NOTE 1. It is recommended that the minimum mass of a bulk sample be calculated in accordance with the following equation: M =633 r b D where: M is the mass of the sample, in kilograms; D is the maximum grain size, in millimet

41、res; r b is the loose bulk density, in megagrams per cubic metre, determined as specified in prEN 1097-3. NOTE 2. A procedure that producers can use to check that they are taking numbers of sampling increments that are adequate for their products and processes is given in annex B.Page 4 EN 932-1 : 1

42、996 BSI 1997 6 Sampling plan A sampling plan shall be prepared, prior to sampling, taking into account the aggregate size, the nature and size of the batch, the local circumstances and the purposes of sampling. It shall include: the type of the aggregates; the aim of the sampling including a list of

43、 the properties to be tested; the identification of the sampling points; the approximate mass of sampling increments; the number of sampling increments; the sampling apparatus to be used; the methods of sampling and sample reduction with reference to the clauses of this European Standard; the markin

44、g, packaging and dispatch of the samples. 7 Apparatus All apparatus shall comply with the general requirements of prEN 932-5. NOTE 1. General advice for apparatus to be used in sampling and sample reduction is given in annex A. In all cases the width w of the opening of apparatus used in sampling sh

45、all be not less than three times the upper aggregate size of the batch and in no case less than 10 mm. NOTE 2. The same applies to the dimensions indicated in the figures of annex A. Equipment to be used in sample reduction is also given in annex A. NOTE 3. In all cases, alternative designs may be u

46、sed so long as the essential dimensions of width of opening and length are met and the devices can be used to fulfil the sampling methods described in clause 8 or the reduction methods described in clause 9. 8 Sampling procedures 8.1 General Regulations for safety and ergonomics shall be followed. N

47、OTE 1. The sampling methods will inevitably involve the samplers working close to processing plant and moving vehicles. Those involved in the planning and execution of sampling should work closely with the operational management to ensure safe working practices. NOTE 2. Aggregates should preferably

48、be sampled from a stationary conveyor belt or from the stream of material. Sampling increments should be taken at regular intervals throughout the period the batch is in motion. NOTE 3. When sampling from stockpiles as described in 8.8 is carried out, it is difficult to satisfy the principle of taki

49、ng sampling increments at random from all parts of the batch, so that segregation can cause the sampling to produce biased results. Therefore, this method, wherever possible, should be avoided. Manual sampling with shovels or scoops etc shall not be applied to moving materials. 8.2 Sampling from stationary conveyor belts NOTE 1. Sampling should only be started after a preliminary run to ensure that possible irregularities in the pass do not cause a false sample to be taken. All sampling increments shall be taken at the