BS 7404-1 1-1991 Telecontrol equipment and systems - General considerations - General principles《遥控设备和系统 第1部分 一般考虑 第1节 一般原理》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7404-1.1: 1991 IEC 870-1-1: 1988 Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 1: General considerations Section 1.1 General principlesBS7404-1.1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Power Electrical Engineering Standards Policy Committee, was publi

2、shed underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 31October1991 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PEL/89 Draft for comment 89/27173 DC ISBN 0 580 20106 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparat

3、ion of this British Standard was entrusted by the Power Electrical Engineering Standards Policy Committee (PEL/-) to Technical Committee PEL/89, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers BAMEMA (BEAMA) BEAMA Ltd. EEA (the Association of Electronics, Teleco

4、mmunications and Business Equipment Industries) Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board Telecommunication Engineering and Manufacturing Association Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publica

5、tion Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7404-1.1:1991 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Object 1 3 General aspects related to telecontrol systems 2 3.1 The role of telecontrol systems in power systems operation 2 3.2 The role o

6、f the data transmission system 3 3.3 Requirements which determine the design of a telecontrol system 3 3.4 Main differences between telecontrol systems and local control systems 4 4 Structures and configurations of telecontrol systems 4 4.1 Interrelation of process network architectures and telecont

7、rolsystemconfigurations 4 4.2 Basic functional modules of a point-to-point telecontrol system 4 4.3 Functional software modules 5 4.4 Configuration of telecontrol systems 5 5 Functions of telecontrol systems 8 5.1 Layered structure of telecontrol functions 8 5.2 Application functions 8 5.3 Operation

8、al processing functions 9 5.4 Presentation of the process information to the operator 9 6 Transmission of telecontrol data 10 6.1 The role of data transmission standards 10 6.2 Data transport, network, link and physical transmission functions 10 6.3 Characteristics of telecontrol data transmission 1

9、1 6.4 Types of traffic in transmission channels 12 6.5 Telecommunication systems 12 6.6 Protection of messages against noise on the transmission channel 13 Figure 1 Typical hierarchical structure of a telecontrol system for powertransportation and distribution network 17 Figure 2 Typical structure o

10、f a telecontrol system (shown by a point-to-point configuration) 18 Figure 3 General structure of a telecontrol message 19 Table I Interrelation of basic functional modules and typical systemsfunctionswith typical hardware modules within a telecontrol system 15 Table II Typical functional software m

11、odules of telecontrol systems 16 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS7404-1.1:1991 ii BSI 08-1999 National foreword This Section of BS 7404 has been prepared under the direction of the Power Electrical Engineering Standards Policy Committee and is identical with IECPublication 870-1-1:1988

12、 “Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 1: General considerations Section 1: General principles”, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The International Standard does not give the up-to-date relation between this Section of the IEC standard and the other published and e

13、nvisaged Parts and Sections. Other Parts and Sections of this British Standard are as follows. Part 1: General considerations; Section 1.1: General principles; Section 1.2: Guide for specifications; Section 1.3: Glossary; Section 1.4: Basic aspects of telecontrol data transmission 1) ; Part 2: Opera

14、ting conditions; Section 2.1: Specification for classes of environmental conditions and power supplies; Section 2.2: Specification for electromagnetic compatibility and erosive and corrosive influences 2) ; Part 3: Specification for interfaces (electrical characteristics); Part 4: Specification for

15、performance; Part 5: Transmission protocols; Section 5.1: Specification for transmission frame formats; Section 5.2: Specification for transmission procedures 3) ; Section 5.3: Specification for structure of application data 4) ; Section 5.4: Specification for coding specifications of application da

16、ta 5) ; Part 6: Specification for telecontrol protocols compatible with ISO and CCITT standards 2) . 1) Will be published after IEC 870-1-4 has been published. 2) Not yet published, envisaged as future work by IEC. 3) Will be published after IEC 870-5-2 has been published. 4) Will be published after

17、 IEC 870-5-3 has been published. 5) Will be published after IEC 870-5-4 has been published. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding British Standard BS 7404 Telecontrol equipment and systems IEC 870-1-2:1989 Section 1.2:1991 Guide for specifications (Identical) IEC 870-1-3:1990 Section

18、 1.3:1991 Glossary (Identical) IEC 870-3:1989 Part 3:1991 Specification for interfaces (electricalcharacteristics) (Identical) IEC 870-4:1990 Part 4:1991 Specification for performance (Identical) IEC 870-5-1:1990 Section 5.1:1991 Specification for transmission frame formats (Identical)BS7404-1.1:199

19、1 BSI 08-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This d

20、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS7

21、404-1.1:1991 BSI 08-1999 1 Introduction Telecontrol systems serve for monitoring and control of processes which are geographically widespread. They include all equipment and functions for acquisition, processing, transmission and display of the necessary process information. The performance of a tel

22、econtrol system is determined basically by: 1) the data integrity of information transfer, from a source to its destination, and 2) the speed with which information is transferred to its destination. The data integrity is defined as the unchangeability of an information content from a source to its

23、destination, while the speed of information transfer is measured by the overall transfer time. The high responsibility which is associated with the transmission of information such as commands and the occurrence of adverse environmental conditions necessitate standards for data acquisition and of da

24、ta transmission which fulfil stringent requirements of data integrity and transmission efficiency. It should be noted that although this series of standards has been produced specifically for telecontrol systems used in electrical power systems, they may also be applied to other fields of applicatio

25、n, e.g. gas and water supply and distribution, etc. The aim of these standards is to provide adequate information for correct planning and reliable operation of telecontrol systems. The standards are divided into different parts, listed in Clause2 of this report. This part of this series of telecont

26、rol standards is intended to give the user a general survey of the systems and their elements, thus presenting the necessary basic information for a thorough understanding of the following parts of these standards. 1 Scope This series of standards applies to telecontrol equipment and systems with co

27、ded bit serial data transmission for monitoring and control of geographically widespread processes. 2 Object This series of standards describes configurations and functions of telecontrol systems and of related elements. It defines the functional requirements, logical characteristics and interface c

28、onditions of the basic elements and the rules those elements shall follow in co-existing with other elements. These standards do not define the internal physical characteristics of such elements nor the layout, construction or material used. The following subjects are outside the scope of these stan

29、dards: ripple control systems; properties of transmission channels and local bus (highway) systems for communication between process input/output elements; teleprotection and locally automated functions even though they may sometimes be implemented within a telecontrol system. These standards are su

30、bdivided into several parts, which are subdivided into several sections and issued as separate publications bearing the following titles and scopes: IEC Publication 870-1-1: Part 1: General considerations, Section 1 General principles (whichconstitutesthisreport) This report explains the structural

31、elements, configurations and basic functions of telecontrol systems. It gives an overview of functional elements which contribute to basic structures and possible choice of telecontrol systems configurations. It deals with functions which are typical for any process to be monitored and controlled bu

32、t emphasizes the specific problems which characterize geographically widespread processes, such as the dominant influence of telecommunication links with restricted bandwidth and often low signal-to-noise ratio. However, this report shall only serve as an introduction to the detailed standards and r

33、ecommendations laid down in Parts 2-5 quoted below. IEC Publication 870-1-2: Part 1: General considerations, Section 2 Guide for specifications (underconsideration)BS7404-1.1:1991 2 BSI 08-1999 This Section 2 of Part1 will describe guidelines for planning and defining specifications of telecontrol s

34、ystems and equipment in order to accommodate individual application demands. IEC Publication 870-1-3: Part 1: General considerations, Section 3 Glossary (underconsideration) This Section 3 of Part1 will present the specific terms of telecontrol techniques as defined in the International Electrotechn

35、ical Vocabulary IEV IEC Publication50(371) as well as other terms which are necessary for the understanding of this series of standards. IEC Publication 870-2-1: Part 2: Operating conditions, Section1 Environmental conditions and power supplies This Section1 of Part2 defines the environmental and po

36、wer supply conditions to which the telecontrol equipment should be designed in order to fulfil its specifications. It establishes classes for different conditions and also defines test procedures. IEC Publication 870-2-2 will constitute Section 2 and it will deal with electromagnetic compatibility a

37、s well as corrosive and erosive influences. IEC Publication 870-3: Part 3: Interfaces (inpreparation) This part will define the interface conditions that have to be met in order to correlate the different pieces of equipment needed to form a telecontrol system and to allow the user to manage such a

38、system. IEC Publication 870-4: Part 4: Performance requirements (in preparation) This part will deal with those characteristics that have to be met by telecontrol equipment and systems to accomplish the functions for which they are intended in a continuous, secure and precise manner, and in addition

39、 to be flexible enough to accommodate future demands. IEC Publication 870-5: Part 5: Transmission protocols (in preparation) This part will describe the functional characteristics of data transmission that shall be met in order to implement a telecontrol system by means of links or networks. Data in

40、tegrity requirements for information transmission, distinct data formats and transmission methods, which fulfil these requirements, will be defined. This part will include several sections. The standards listed above will be completed by additional parts and sections as appropriate. 3 General aspect

41、s related to telecontrol systems The fundamental aspects relating to the operation of geographically widespread processes including the generation and optimum transportation and distribution of a product are very similar for the different kinds of products (e.g. gas, water, oil or electricity). Tele

42、control systems employed in the operation of electric power systems have been developed to a very advanced state and often serve as examples for applications in other areas. For this reason, the general aspects relating to the operation of any geographically widespread process are explained in the f

43、ollowing sub-clauses by reference where appropriate to the operation of an electric power system. 3.1 The role of telecontrol systems in power systems operation The quality of the power supply, which includes its reliability, depends to a large extent on the existence of a coordinated telecontrol sy

44、stem which assures all the necessary supervisory and control functions. The structure of such a telecontrol system is dictated by the power systems architecture and by the strategy of operation adopted by the user(s). It is in essence a distributed process control system conforming to the hierarchic

45、al structure of the geographically widespread power transportation and distribution networks. A typical case of a telecontrol system is depicted inFigure 1, page17. A system can, from the operational point of view, service a whole power network or be split up into different levels of responsibility

46、or even into partially or fully independent subsystems. The local control systems of power stations are usually independent of the power network telecontrol system but certain monitored information is fed from the power stations control systems into the power network telecontrol system. Conversely,

47、certain control information, such as set points for power generation, are transmitted into power stations (e.g. in the case of automatic load/frequency control).BS7404-1.1:1991 BSI 08-1999 3 Telecontrol system configurations range from a few point-to-point monitoring and control functions up to mult

48、ilevel systems covering vast geographic areas. The use of computer technology on all levels of the system allows telecontrol systems and architectures to use distributed intelligence with possibilities of preprocessing information to avoid superfluous data flow. Redundancy is provided for vital func

49、tions in order to fulfil specified availability and reliability requirements. Extended processing functions, such as load/frequency control, security analysis, state estimation and short-term predictive energy management, may be carried out either by a separate real-time computer system of by the telecontrol system itself, according to the choice of the systems architecture. It has also to be noted that equipment and subsystems are often manufactured by different suppliers and/or stem from different generations