AWWA B602-2008 Copper Sulfate《硫酸铜》.pdf

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1、 ANSI/AWWA B602-08 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B602-02) Copper Sulfate AWWA Standard Effective date: Oct. 1, 2008. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959. This edition approved Jan. 27, 2008. Approved by American National Standards Institute April 18, 2008. 6666 West Quincy Avenu

2、e Advocacy Denver, CO 80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and TrainingScience and TechnologySections The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water SMii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AW

3、WA standards describe mini- mum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the u

4、ser, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorse- ment of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence

5、 over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product de- scribed will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice

6、 of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a con

7、sensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has a

8、pproved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American Na- tional Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformi

9、ty with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Ca u t i o n n o t i C e : The American National Standards In

10、stitute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates comple- tion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than fiv

11、e years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. All rights reserved. No part of thi

12、s publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyr

13、ight 2008 by American Water Works Association Printed in USAiii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Taste and Odor Control Chemicals, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: Djanette Khiari, Chair Phillip A. Vella, Secretary Gen

14、eral Interest Members C.A. Blanck, Richmond, Ind. (AWWA) C.R. Dugan,* Standards Council Liaison, Bath, Mich. (AWWA) D. Khiari, AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) J.S. Kippin, Town of Ipswich Water, Ipswich, Mass. (NEWWA) N.E. Otto, Denver, Colo. (BUREC) S.J. Posavec,* Standards Group Lia

15、ison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) M. Siddiqui, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (AWWA) B.H. Wilder, Daytona Beach, Fla. (AWWA) Producer Members I.P. Fairchild, Chemical Specialty Group Inc., Cartersville, Ga. (AWWA) C.B. Lind, Mauser Corporation, Bridgewater, N.J. (AWWA) P.A. Vella, Carus Che

16、mical, La Salle, Ill. (AWWA) T.R. Walton, Stuart, Fla. (AWWA) User Members J.T. Harvey, Central Arkansas Water, Little Rock, Ark. (AWWA) J.J. Parker, Springfield, Mo. (AWWA)* Liaison, nonvotingThis page intentionally blank.v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequentl

17、y. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C Acceptance . viii II Special Issues ix II.A Storage and Handling Precautions ix II.B Disposal . ix III Use of This Standard . x III.A Purchaser Options and

18、Alternatives . x IV Modification to Standard x V Major Revisions. x VI Comments . xi Standard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 1 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 2 4 Requirements 4.1 Materials . 3 4.2 Physical Requirements . 3 4.3 Chemical Requirements 4 4.4 Impurities 4 5 Verific

19、ation 5.1 Sampling and Inspection . 5 5.2 Laboratory ExaminationGeneral . 6 5.3 Size Determination 7 5.4 Determination of Water-Insoluble Matter 7 5.5 Determination of Copper Content 7 5.6 Other Tests 9 5.7 Notice of Nonconformance . 9 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking 10 6.2 Packaging and Shipping 10 6.3 Affi

20、davit of Compliance 11 Table 1 Solubility of CuSO 4 5H 2 O . 3 SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGEThis page intentionally blank.viiThis foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA B602. Introduction. I. Background. I.A. Copper sulfate primarily is used as an algicide in potable water. It is avai

21、lable both as a commercial product and as a by-product of the printed- circuit-board industry. The commercial product is produced by reacting a solution of sulfuric acid with copper metal, cupric oxide, or basic cupric copper salts. Copper sulfate crystals form in the concentrated solution and grow

22、in size in a characteristic crystalline shape. A broad range of crystal sizes is produced by controlling the length of crystallization time or by fracturing the larger crystals and screening to the desired sizes. The by-product copper sulfate is generally produced in printed-circuit-board shops, whe

23、re proprietary etchant solutions are used to dissolve copper from printed-circuit boards. If a sulfuric acidbased etchant solution is used, it becomes saturated with copper ions and sulfate ions. Small crystals of copper sulfate form and are mechanically removed. The presence of various impurities a

24、nd their amounts in the copper sulfate depend on the impurities present in the starting materials or the solution in which the crystals grow. The selection of crystal size for use in algae control depends on a number of factors, including algae type and growth habits as well as application method an

25、d equipment to be used. The application rate will depend on algae type and species as well as water char- acteristics, including pH, alkalinity and hardness, presence of suspended solids, den- sity of algae growth, and water temperature. For potable water, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USE

26、PA) has set a tolerance for the maximum residue of copper at 1 ppm, or equal to 4 ppm as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 5H 2 O) (40 CFR* 185.1200), which also is the secondary standard under the US National Drinking Wa- ter Regulations. USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, has set the Action Level

27、at 1.3 mg/L copper (Cu) as the Primary Drinking Water Standard. Under most use conditions, the effective dose is considerably less than the established residue tolerance. History. I.B. This standard was first approved as tentative on Sept. 15, 1957. It was developed by the AWWA Water Purification Di

28、vision and also was submitted * Code of Federal Regulations, US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC 20402. Forewordviii for review to producers and consumers whose comments were then considered by a referee. It was approved as a standard without revision on Jan. 2

29、6, 1959, and published as AWWA B602-59. This standard was revised by the AWWA Standards Committee on Taste and Odor Control Chemicals. The dates of approval and numerical designation of past editions of ANSI/AWWA B602 are listed below. Designation Date of Approval B602-57T Sept. 15, 1957 B602-59 Jan

30、. 26, 1959 B602-80 Jan. 28, 1980 B602-86 Jan. 27, 1986 B602-91 Jan. 27, 1991 B602-97 Feb. 2, 1997 B602-02 Jan. 20, 2002 This edition was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 27, 2008. Acceptance. I.C. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative a

31、greement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (Aww

32、aRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking wate

33、r rests with individual states. *Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards

34、developed under the direction of NSF, NSF /ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local

35、 agencies have authority to * Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113. American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.ix accept or accredi

36、t certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances

37、not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, dependin

38、g on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B602 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.4 of the standard. The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or the residual solids is becoming a problem of great concern. The language in Sec. 4.4.3 is a recommendation only for direct additives used

39、 in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects. However, users of the standard may opt to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard sho

40、uld also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 1. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products 2. for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. Determine c

41、urrent information on product certification. 3. Special Issues. II. Storage and Handling Precautions. II.A. Copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals are highly soluble in water but do not react with water. Store this pesticide product in a dry place in its original container until ready for use. Store t

42、his product separately to prevent cross-contamination with other chemicals. Proper attention to safety requirements should be followed. Protective clothing should be worn while handling copper sulfate pentahydrate, especially goggles to protect against dust or splashes into the eyes. Disposal. II.B.

43、 As an algicide, copper sulfate pentahydrate is covered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) as a pesticide. It must be packaged and labeled as a pesticide for algae control. Packaging material that is empty must be disposed of in compliance with FIFRA and local regu

44、lations. Any spilled solid material or waste liquid material must be disposed of in compliance with FIFRA and local regulations. Questions on proper disposal can be answered by your state pesticide control office or your regional USEPA hazardous waste representative.x Use of This Standard. III. It i

45、s the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. III.A. The following items should be covered by the purchaser: Standard usedthat is,

46、 ANSI/AWWA B602, Copper Sulfate, of latest 1. revision. Crystal size designation. 2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment 3. ChemicalsHealth Effects, is required. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements 4. (Sec. 4.1). Whether the purchaser will

47、reject product from containers or packaging with 5. missing or damaged seals. The purchaser may reject product from bulk containers or packages with missing or damaged seals unless the purchasers tests of representative samples, conducted in accordance with Sec. 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, and 5.6 demonstra

48、te that the product meets specifications. Failure to meet specifications or the absence of, or irregularities in, seals may be sufficient cause to reject the shipment. If required, a statement of maximum impurity content limits and analytical 6. methods to be used to determine compliance with limits

49、 (Sec. 5.4 and Sec. 5.5). Requirement that the chemical registration and labeling be in accord with 7. USEPA procedures for an algicide (Sec. 6.1.1). Net weight to be supplied (Sec. 6.2.2). 8. Whether alternative security measures have been adopted to replace or aug- 9. ment the security measures set out in Sec. 6.2.3 and 6.2.4. If required, affidavit of compliance or certified analysis (Sec. 6.3). 10. Modification to Standard. IV. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. Major Revisions. V. Major rev