AWS D1 4 D1 4M REDLINE-2011 Structural Welding Code - Reinforcing Steel (7th Edition).pdf

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1、CMFAWS D1.4/D1.4M:200511 An American National Standard Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel Including Metal Inserts and Connections in Reinforced Concrete Construction Key Words Allowable stress, inspection, qualification, reinforcing steel, structural details, welded joint details AWS D1.4/D1.

2、4M:2005 AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2011 An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute July 8, January 31, 200511 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel Including Metal Inserts and Connections in Reinforced Concrete Construction Sixth 7th Edition Supersedes ANSI/AWS D1.4-

3、98AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2005 Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D1 Structural Welding Committee Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWS Board of Directors Abstract This code covers the requirements for welding reinforcing steel in most reinforced concre

4、te applications. It contains a body of rules for the regulations of welding reinforcing steel and provides suitable acceptance criteria for such welds. American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJjeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-004-8 978-0-87171-786-3 American Weldin

5、g Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 200511 by American Welding Society All rights reserved Printed in the United States of AmericaReprinted: November 2005 Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including

6、 mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by t

7、he American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: . Statement on the Use of AWS American National Welding Society Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended p

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18、orrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests shoul

19、d be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex C). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.

20、 HoweverThese opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, such and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral

21、opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding. It must be rev

22、iewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful

23、 consideration by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal o

24、f an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.Personnel AWS D1 Committee

25、 on Structural Welding*Advisor D. D. Rager, Chair Rager Consulting, Incorporated D. K. Miller, 1st Vice Chair The Lincoln Electric Company A. W. Sindel, 2nd Vice Chair Sindel and Associates J. L. Gayler, Secretary American Welding Society *W. G. Alexander WGAPE N. J. Altebrando Hardesty and Hanover,

26、 LLP F. G. Armao The Lincoln Electric Company E. M. Beck MACTEC Engineering the 1992 and , 1998 , and 2005 editions reflected these changes. This edition, AWS D1.4/D1.4M:200511, has additional revisions. The following is a summary of the significant technical revisions in this edition: Subsection 1.

27、3.1Deleted ASTM specifications from listed steels: ASTM A 184, A 185, A 497, A 616, and A6 17. Table 5.2Addresses bar sizes up to and including #6 19 for C.E. over 0.75. Section 5.4New section added on weld cleaning. 1. Subclause 1.2.1 was revised top address precast concrete components. 2. New defi

28、nitions were added under 1.5. 3. Safety information was clarified in 1.7. 4. Figure 2.1 was revised to clarify the centerline, nominal radius, and effective throat. 5. Subclause 3.2.1 was revised to address indirect butt joints. 6. Figure 3.2 was updated to illustrate degree ranges in all sketches.

29、7. Figures 3.3 and 3.4 were revised to restrict the gaps between bars to nothing over 1/4D or 3/16 in 5 mm, whichever is less. 8. Subclause 4.4.2 was modified to differentiate between the sum of maximum dimensions of all porosity versus maximum dimensions of any single porosity or fusion-type discon

30、tinuity. 9. New subclause 5.1.3 was added to address coated reinforcing steel and filler metal selection. 10. Subclause 5.3 was added to list requirements for maximum wind velocity and minimum ambient temperature. 11. New subclauses 5.10 and 5.11 were added to restrict electrodes used for GMAW and F

31、CAW. 12. Subclause 5.12 was added to restrict the shielding gas used for GMAW and FCAW-G. 13. Table 5.1 was updated to meet the most current A5 specifications. 14. Clause 6 was revised to list the details for fillet weld prequalified essential variables. 15. Subsections to Section 6.3Several subsect

32、ions added to address welder qualification requirements and testing New Table 6.1 lists the prequalified essential variables for fillet welds. Subsection 7.7.3 and Section 7.9Comprehensive approach for radiographic testing of reinforcing steel was added. Annex ASample welding, testing, and inspectio

33、n forms were updated. Changes in Code Requirements. Technical and editorial changes in the text are indicated by underlining; changes to tables and figures are indicated by a single vertical line in the adjacent margin. Tables and figures have been revised, and two tables and one figure have been ad

34、ded. 16. The essential variable requiring requalification for a change in the shape or any one type of groove was removed from Table 6.2. 17. Table 6.4 was corrected to include lap joints in indirect butt joints. 18. New Table 6.5 was added to clarify acceptance criteria for macroetch. 19. Figure 6.

35、4 was updated. 20. All sketches in Figures 6.5 and 6.6 were redrawn for clarity. 21. New Figure 6.7 was added to illustrate welder qualification tests for fillet weld to plate. 22. Figures 7.1 and 7.2 were redrawn to increase the backing to 3/16 in 5 mm. 23. Annex B was updated. Changes in Code Requ

36、irements. Underlined text in the subclauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical change from the 2005 edition. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revision from the 2005 edition. Informative Annexes. These annexes are not code requirements but are provided to clarify code pr

37、ovisions by showing examples, providing information, or suggesting alternative good practices. Errata. It is the Structural Welding Committees Policy that all errata should be made available to users of the code. Therefore, any significant errata will be published in the Society News Section of the

38、AWS Welding Journal, any errata (major changes) that have been noted will be published in the July and November issues of the Welding Journal and posted on the AWS website web site at: http:/www.aws.org/technical/d1/. Suggestions. Your comments for improving the AWS D1.4/D1.4M:2011, Structural Weldi

39、ng CodeReinforcing Steel are welcome. Submit comments to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126; telephone (305) 443-9353; fax (305) 443-5951; e-mail infoaws.org; or via the AWS web site .Errata The following Errata have b

40、een identified and incorporated into the current reprint of this document. Page 14 Figure 3.5, Detail C: figure on right side, upper dimension line for “NOT TO EXCEED WELD SIZE + 1/8 in. 3 mm“ moved down parallel to the bottom of the reinforcing bar. (C) INTERNAL FILLET WELD Table of Contents Page N

41、o. Personnel v Foreword vii Table of Contents . ix List of Tables xi List of Figures xi 1. General Provisions . 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Application . 1 1.3 Reinforcing Steel Base Metal 1 1.4 Welding Processes 2 1.5 Definitions 2 1.6 Welding Symbols 2 1.7 S afety Safety Precautions 23 1.8 Standard Units of

42、 Measurement 23 1.9 Reference Documents . 23 2. Allowable Stresses 5 2.1 B ase-Metal Base-Metal Stresses 5 2.2 Allowable Stresses in Welds 5 2.3 Effective Weld Areas, Lengths, Throats, and Sizes 5 3. Structural Details . 9 3.1 Transition in Bar Size Number . 9 3.2 Eccentricity 9 3.3 Joint Types 9 3.

43、4 Direct Butt Joints 9 3.5 Indirect Butt Joints 9 3.6 Lap Joints . 9 3.7 Interconnection of Precast Members 9 4. Workmanship 17 4.1 Preparation of Base Metal . 17 4.2 Assembly . 17 4.3 Control of Distortion, Shrinkage, and Heat . 17 4.4 Quality of Welds . 17 5. Technique . 21 5.1 Filler Metal Requir

44、ements 21 5.2 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature Requirements 21 5.3 Arc Strikes215.4 . Weld Cleaning215.5 Tack Welds21 5.6 Progression of Welding 22 5.7 Welding of Coated Base Metal . 22 5.8 SMAW Electrodes . 22 5.10 GMAW Electrodes . 23 5.11 FCAW Electrodes . 23 5.12 5.9Electrodes and Shiel

45、ding Gasfor Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Flux Cored Arc . 23 Welding (FCAW) 23 Page No. 6. Qualification29 27 6.1 General29 . 27 6.2 WPS Qualification 29 . 27 6.3 Welder Qualification 30 . 29 6.4 Retests 32 . 31 6.5 Period of Effectiveness 32 31 6.6 Records . 32 7. Inspection43 . 45 7.1 General

46、Requirements 43 . 45 7.2 Inspection of Base Metals 43 . 45 7.3 Inspection of WPS Qualification and Equipment 43 45 7.4 Inspection of Welder Qualifications 43 . 45 7.5 Inspection of Work and Records43 45 7.6 Obligations of the Contractor44 . 46 7.7 Nondestructive Testing 44 . 46 7.8 Personnel Qualifi

47、cation 44 . 46 7.9 Radiographic Testing 45 47 Annex A (Informative) Sample Welding Procedure Form51Forms 53 Annex B (Informative) Nominal Dimensions of ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars57 59 Annex C (Informative) Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries for the Structural Welding Committee

48、 59. . . . 61 Annex D (Informative) Safe Practices 61 . 63 Annex E (Informative) Temperature-Moisture Content Charts . 6571 List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding Code69 73List of Tables Table Page No. 2.1 Allowable Stresses in Welds . 6 3.1 CJP Groove Weld Requirements for Direct Butt Joints 1

49、0 4.1 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria . 18 5.1 Matching Filler Metal Requirements 24 5.2 Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperatures26 . 25 5.3 Permissible Atmospheric Exposure of Low-Hydrogen Electrodes 2725 6.1 Prequalified WPS Fillet Weld Requirements 32 6.2 6.1PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification for SMAW, GMAW, and FCAW 33 6.3 6.2Number and Type of Tests for WPS Qualification 34 6.4 6.3Welder Qualification Number, Type of Test, Production Welds, and Positions Qualified . 35 6.5 Macroetch Acceptance Criteria . 36 7.1 Hole-Type Ima