ASTM F3159-2015e1 Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets《洗衣液包的标准参考放射线照片》.pdf

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1、Designation: F3159 151Standard Safety Specification forLiquid Laundry Packets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected 5.3.3.2, 6.1, and 6.2 in December 2015.INTRODUCTIONIn November 2012 the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) issued a Safety Al

3、ertto inform parents and caregivers that Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets need to be kept away fromchildren as those who are exposed to packet contents are at risk of serious injury and even death dueto the highly concentrated nature of the product. Children who have accidently ingested LiquidLaundr

4、y Detergent Packets have experienced a range of injuries including loss of consciousness,respiratory distress, vomiting, coughing, choking and drowsiness, and in cases where there has beencontact with the eyes, painful irritation of the eyes and corneal burns have occurred. In addition, deathhas bee

5、n reported to occur following ingestion of Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets, including in onechild.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides requirements for householdLiquid Laundry Detergent Packet safety to help reduce unin-tentional exposures to the contents of the packets, especially tochildren.1.

6、2 This standard applies exclusively to household LiquidLaundry Detergent Packets. “Liquid Laundry Detergent Pack-ets” are single-use laundry detergent products that contain aliquid detergent enclosed in a water soluble outer layer (“pouchfilm”). This includes laundry detergent packets in soluble fil

7、mthat contain liquid only (that is, all liquid), as well as those thatcontain both liquid and non-liquid components.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with Liquid Laundry Deter-gent Packet use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstand

8、ard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use. It is the responsibility of the user of the product to followthe warning statements and use the product appropriately.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3475 Classi

9、fication of Child-Resistant PackagesD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingD4359 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Isa Liquid or a Solid2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI Z535.4 Safety Color CodeEnvironmental FacilitySafety SignsCriteria for Safety

10、SymbolsProductSafety Sign and Labels and Accident Prevention Tags3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 liquid, na substance or mixture which: (1) at 50Chas a vapour pressure of not more than 300 kPa (3 bar), (2)which is not completely gaseous at 20C and at a standardpressure of 101.3 kPa, and (3) whic

11、h has a melting point orinitial melting point of 20C or less at a standard pressure of101.3 kPa.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.71 onLiquid Laundry Packets.Current edition approved Sept. 15,

12、2015. Published October 2015. DOI:10.1520/F3159-15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Availa

13、ble from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1.1 DiscussionA viscous substance or mixture forwhich a specif

14、ic melting point cannot be determined shall besubjected to the Test Method D4359-90 test; or to the test fordetermining fluidity (penetrometer test) prescribed in section2.3.4 of Annex A of the European Agreement concerning theInternational Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).3.1.2 liquid laun

15、dry detergent packets, nindividual pack-ets that contain liquid laundry detergent and are intended todissolve when used as intended.3.1.3 pouch film, nthe water-soluble outer layer of aLiquid Laundry Detergent Packet that contains laundry deter-gent or other liquid ingredients, or both, and is desig

16、ned todissolve when used as intended.4. Liquid Laundry Detergent Packet Requirements4.1 The Liquid Laundry Detergent Packet must meet therequirements set forth in European Commission Regulation(EU) No 1272/2008, Annex II, Part 3, Section 3.3.3, andSections 4 (AversiveAgent in the Soluble Film) and 5

17、 (CapsuleIntegrity) of the accompanying AISE Liquid Laundry Deter-gent Capsules Guidelines on CLP Implementation4, includingas may be amended. For reference, EU No 1272/2008, AnnexII, Part 3, Section 3.3.3, is attached as Annex A5, and Sections4 and 5 of the AISE Liquid Laundry Detergent CapsulesGui

18、delines on CLP Implementation are attached as Annex A7.4.2 For the avoidance of doubt, European CommissionRegulation (EU) No 1272/2008,Annex II, Part 3, Section 3.3.3(i) does not specify any particular manner in which the solublepackaging containing the agent must have the aversive agentadded to the

19、 soluble packaging. A company may choose, byway of non-limiting examples, to introduce the aversive agentto the soluble packaging by admixing it into a slurry that issubsequently formed or cast into a film and/or by coating itonto a previously formed film. It is up to each company toselect the avers

20、ive agent and technology they deem appropriatefor their products and effective for meeting the criteria of beingsafe and eliciting oral repulsive behavior within a maximumtime of6sasprovided by and in accordance with the EURegulation.5. Packaging Requirements5.1 Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets shal

21、l be contained inopaque packaging or packaging that employs any equivalentmeasure intended to mask the visibility of the individual LiquidLaundry Detergent Packets (“Package” or “Packaging”). Thepackage must not be labeled with graphics that make theopaque package appear transparent or translucent.5

22、.2 Packaging described in this Voluntary standard is pack-aging that is designed or constructed to be difficult for childrento access Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets. To comply withthis standard, the package shall have the characteristics of atleast one of the following six options outlined below i

23、n 5.3.1.In addition to meeting with at least one of the six options, apackage must also:5.2.1 Comply with this standard through the full life cycleof product package.5.2.2 The package must meet the option standard for whichthe package is designed while also accounting for any otherway the package co

24、uld conceivably be opened for example bytwisting, pulling, or use of singular force.5.3 Options for Packaging:5.3.1 Apackage that meets the performance requirements of16 CFR Part 1700, section 1700.15 and testing requirements of16 CFR Part 1700, section 1700.20.5.3.2 An individually-wrapped package

25、that contains nomore than one packet and incorporates either:5.3.2.1 Ahidden tab or notch or other means of opening thatis only exposed after the package has been folded or manipu-lated in an instructed manner, or5.3.2.2 A feature described in Classification D3475-14,Type IV Non-reclosable packaging

26、-flexible and Type V Unitnon-reclosable packaging-rigid.5.3.3 Apackage that requires manipulative skill or dexterityto open, including, but not limited to:5.3.3.1 A package with two or more closure mechanismsthat are interdependent, so that the package cannot be fullyopened without releasing at leas

27、t two of the closure mecha-nisms.5.3.3.2 A double-action release mechanism, defined as ei-ther:(1) A mechanism requiring two consecutive motions, thefirst of which must be maintained (and which may include theact of physically holding or stabilizing the package) while thesecond is carried out in ord

28、er to fully open the package, or(2) Two separate and independent motions that must beactivated or occur simultaneously to fully open the package.NOTE 1A simple zipper closure (pull to open or simple slider) wouldnot meet the requirements of either 5.3.3.2(1) or (2).5.3.3.3 A release mechanism or sys

29、tem of mechanismswhich requires two independent release mechanisms to beperformed consecutively in order to fully open the package.5.3.3.4 The package must be designed so that the user isable to close the package and re-engage the release mecha-nism(s) in a manner that requires only one re-engagemen

30、taction on the part of the user.5.3.4 A package closure that meets the requirements setforth in European Commission Regulation (EU) No 1272/2008, Annex II, Part 3, Section 3.3.2 (iv), and Section 3.3(Outer Packaging: Closures) of the accompanyingAISE LiquidLaundry Detergent Capsules Guidelines on CL

31、PImplementation, as may be amended. For reference, EU No1272/2008, Annex II, Part 3, Section 3.3.2 (iv), is attached asAnnex A4, and Section 3.3 of the AISE Liquid LaundryDetergent Capsules Guidelines on CLP Implementation isattached as Annex A6.5.3.5 A package that requires the intellectual skill o

32、r cogni-tive ability of a child at least 6 years of age to open, that meetsall of the criteria set forth in 5.3.5.1 5.3.5.3, or a reasonableequivalent of 5.3.5.1 5.3.5.3, and meets the requirements of5.3.5.4:4A.I.S.E., Liquid Laundry Detergent Capsules Guidelines On CLPImplementation, Version 1.0, 2

33、7 February 2015.F3159 15125.3.5.1 Identification of a non-obvious opening method thatrequires cognitive understanding of a manipulative concept.5.3.5.2 The mechanical means that secures the package isobscured from view and not readily apparent when handlingthe package.5.3.5.3 Requires manipulation o

34、f a visual or tactile featurein a way that is non-obvious unless the user understands themanipulative concept.5.3.5.4 The package must be designed so that the user isable to close the package and re-engage the release mecha-nism(s) in a manner that requires only one re-engagementaction on the part o

35、f the user.5.3.6 A package that, in order to be opened, requires either:(1) An opening force greater than that which a child iscapable of generating while not being greater than a senioradult is capable of generating, or(2) Hand anthropometric characteristics greater than thoseof an average-sized ch

36、ild.5.3.6.1 The ages and distribution of children to be tested forpurposes of establishing the opening force strength or handanthropometric characteristics must meet the requirements setforth in 16 CFR 1700.20(a)(2)(i).5.3.6.2 The opening force strength or hand anthropometriccharacteristics shall be

37、 set at the 95th percentile for children,and the 5th percentile for senior adults.5.3.6.3 Research must demonstrate that the opening forcestrength or hand anthropometric characteristics do not exceedthose of senior adults between the ages of 50 and 70 years toaccess the package, as tested pursuant t

38、o the requirements setforth in 16 CFR 1700.20(a)(3).5.3.6.4 Research that establishes opening strength or handanthropometric characteristics as set forth above must beconducted by an independent third party, and the resultspublished in a peer-reviewed journal.5.3.6.5 A manufacturer must demonstrate

39、through testingthat the opening force required or hand anthropometric char-acteristics for its packaging design are within the limits of thedata.6. Labels6.1 Each package shall be labeled with warning statements.The warning statements shall be:6.1.1 In contrasting color(s), permanent, conspicuous, a

40、ndin sans serif style font;6.1.2 Distinctively separated from any other wording orgraphics, in a “quiet zone” (that is, placed on a single-color,contrasting background); and6.1.3 Located on the product in a prominent location so theyare visible to the consumer.6.2 The following statements shall appe

41、ar on the frontpanel/principal display panel of the package:WARNING:Harmful if put in mouth or swallowed. Eye irritant.Packets can burst if children put them in mouth or play withthem.See warning on back/side label.Keep out of reach of children.6.2.1 See Annex A1 for an example of an FHSA-compliantl

42、ayout.6.3 The Safety Alert Symbol and text of the precautionarystatements shall be laid out on the back or side panel of thesecondary container as set forth in ANSI Z535-4 (2011)Figures 3 through 12 and Figures B26 through B28 or in asubstantially similar format, except that neither the borders norb

43、oxes depicted in those figures are required. The precautionarystatements shall include the following:6.3.1 The Safety Alert Symbol, as found in ANSI Z535-4,Fig. 1 (D) or (E).6.3.2 Annex A2 includes additional safety symbols to beused with the warning statements. Each package must featureat least one

44、 pair (that is, one “keep out of reach of children”symbol and one “keep contents out of eyes” symbol).6.4 The following statements shall appear on the back orside panel of the secondary container:WARNING:Concentrated detergent packets can burst if children putthem in mouth or play with them. The liq

45、uid inside isharmful if put in mouth, swallowed, or in eyes.Keep packets out of reach of children. Store container where children cannot reach or climb to it,out of sight and in a secure place. Keep container fully closed. Never leave any packets out of container. DO NOT let children handle packets,

46、 even if supervised.Avoid breaking packets. Do not handle packets with wet or moist hands. Do notexpose packets to moisture.FIG. 1 Safety Alert SymbolF3159 1513 Do not cut or puncture packets. If packets stick together,do not try to separate them.Call poison control center immediately if detergent g

47、ets inmouth or eye or on skin. Immediately and thoroughly rinse eyeor skin with water for 15 min.6.5 All individually-wrapped sample packages shall containno more than one packet. Each individually-wrapped samplepackage shall include the following statements:WARNING:Concentrated detergent packets ca

48、n burst if children putthem in mouth or play with them. The liquid inside isharmful if put in mouth, swallowed, or in eyes.Keep packet out of reach of children. Store where children cannot reach or climb to it, out ofsight and in a secure place. DO NOT let children handle packet, even if supervised.

49、 Use packet immediately after opening.Avoid breaking packet. Do not handle packet with wet or moist hands. Do notexpose packet to moisture. Do not cut or puncture packet.Call poison control center immediately if detergent gets inmouth or eye or on skin. Immediately and thoroughly rinse eyeor skin with water for at least 15 min.6.6 Each individually-wrapped packet that is contained in alarger outer package that contains multiple individually-wrapped packets shall include at least one pair (that is, one“keep out of reach of children” symbol and one “k