ASTM F2748-2014 Standard Specification for Low Energy Air Guns《低能气铆钉枪的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2748 08F2748 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification forLow Energy Air Guns (Less Than 1 Joule)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONTo perform as intended, a low energy air gun requires a level of power which, if misused, can causeseriou

3、s injury. This specification is intended to reduce the hazards associated with low energy air gunuse. This specification cannot control careless use or eliminate all hazards of misuse. Terminology isstandardized in this specification, so that conforming products will be identified in the same manner

4、,and critical dimensions are standardized to assure safe interchangeability of projectiles in allconforming low energy air guns. Product performance hazards are identified and requirements areestablished to minimize these hazards. This specification is written within the current state-of-the-artof l

5、ow energy air gun technology. The intent is to revise this specification whenever substantiveinformation becomes available which justifies revising existing requirements or adding newrequirements.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers low energy air guns which propel a projectile by means of 1 joule

6、or less of energy released bycompressed air,gas, compressed CO2, mechanical springs, battery or a combination thereof, used in the sport commonly calledairsoft or air soft, and is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2654.1.2 LimitationsThis specification does not cover the following types

7、of products: Non-powder guns as specifically defined inConsumer Safety Specification F589 and which are commonly referred to as BB or pellet guns; paintball markers as specificallydefined in Specification F2272; low energy air guns which propel a projectile by energy of over 1 joule or use gas propu

8、lsion otherthan CO2; toy products; and non-recreational air guns, for example, those used by law enforcement, scientific, military, industrial,or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions

9、to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and

10、determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F589 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder GunsF2272 Specification for Paintball MarkersF2654 Specification for Low Energy Air Gun (LEAG) WarningsF2679 Specification for 6 mm Projectil

11、es Used with Low Energy Air Guns2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:315 CFR 1150 Marking of Toy, Look-Alike and Imitation Firearms1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08

12、.27 on Airsoft.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008May 1, 2014. Published November 2008May 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asF2748 08. DOI: 10.1520/F2748-08.10.1520/F2748-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM

13、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http

14、:/www.access.gpo.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that us

15、ers consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitio

16、ns of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 backstop, nobject intended to stop a low energy air gun projectile.3.1.2 barrel, nthat portion of a low energy air gun through which the projectile is discharged.3.1.3 cocking, vaction that allows the user to store manual energy.3.1.4 hammer, ndevice which

17、, when released, discharges the stored energy.3.1.5 hop-up, ndevice that changes the spin on a projectile to affect its trajectory.3.1.6 low energy air gun (LEAG), ncommonly referred to as airsoft gun or air soft gun, a device specifically designed to expela low energy air gun projectile, by the rel

18、ease of energy by compressed air,gas, compressed CO2, mechanical springs, battery, ora combination thereof, at an energy level at 1.0 joule or lower.thereof.3.1.7 magazine, ndevice used in a low energy air gun to store projectiles.3.1.8 projectile (LEAG projectile), nspherical, commonly 6 mm (.24 ca

19、l), non-metallic and non-liquid filled projectile to beused in a low energy air gun, as specifically referred to in Specification F2679.3.1.9 propulsion system, combination, npropulsion system in which a combination of spring, spring-piston, pneumatic, or gassystems can be used to provide the energy

20、 to propel the projectile.3.1.10 propulsion system, electronic, npropulsion system in which an electronic system is used to provide the energy to propelthe projectile.3.1.11 propulsion system, gas, npropulsion system in which a gas system, including CO2, is used to provide the energy topropel the pr

21、ojectile. CO2 propulsion system is a type of gas propulsion system.3.1.12 propulsion system, spring-piston (also known as spring-air), npropulsion system in which the projectile is propelledby air pressure that is created by a piston moved by a spring.3.1.13 propulsion system, pneumatic, npropulsion

22、 system in which compressed air is stored under pressure and, whenreleased, provides the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.13.1 DiscussionA pneumatic low energy air gun normally has a pump system to provide the compressed air.3.1.14 propulsion system, pre-charged pneumatic, npropulsion system in w

23、hich the energy is provided by compressed gas,normally compressed air, stored in a refillable cylinder charged by an external source.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThe release of the compressed gas provides the energy to propel the projectile.3.1.15 pumping mechanism (pneumatic gun), nmechanical device used to

24、compress air.3.1.16 range, nmaximum distance to which an object may be propelled, whether limited by energy or an obstacle.3.1.17 safety device, ndevice which, when activated, disables a part of the low energy air gun, usually the trigger, to preventunintentional discharges and must be released to a

25、llow the low energy air gun to be discharged by the movement of the trigger.3.1.17.1 DiscussionThe device is sometimes referred to as the “safety,” “safety button,” or “safety lever.” An electronic on/off switch is considereda safety device when placing it in the “off” position renders the low energ

26、y air gun inoperable.3.1.18 standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP), nused to describe a substance at the pressure of 1 bar (1.01325atmospheres, 750 mm Hg, 14.5 psi, 100 kPa) and a temperature of 25C (77F).3.1.19 target, nobject at which the low energy air gun is discharged.3.1.20 trigger,

27、ndevice operated by the user to discharge a low energy air gun.3.1.21 trigger guard, nrigid, firmly attached component that must totally enclose the trigger area and be wider than the trigger.3.1.21.1 DiscussionThere can be no more than 38 mm (1.5 in.) of space from any point on the face of the trig

28、ger to the trigger guard, and no moreF2748 142than 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the lowest point of the trigger to the trigger guard. All measurements under this rule are to be takenafter excluding any removable attachments to the trigger.3.1.22 trigger pull, nforce required to move the trigger from its sta

29、rt or recycle/reset position to a position that discharges thelow energy air gun.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification establishes performance requirements and test methods for low energy air guns.5. Conformance5.1 Low energy air guns shall not, either by label or other means, indicate confo

30、rmance with this specification unless, at the timeof manufacture, they conform with all applicable requirements contained herein.6. General Requirements6.1 LiteratureEach low energy air gun shall include the product literature as specified in Specification F2654.6.2 PackagingThe packaging of each lo

31、w energy air gun shall comply, as applicable, with Specification F2654.6.3 Product MarkingLow energy air guns shall be marked in accordance with Specification F2654.6.4 FinishThe exposed edges of all low energy air guns shall be smooth and free of sharp edges, burrs, and splinters.6.5 Shipping:6.5.1

32、 Each low energy air gun shall be shipped in an unloaded, uncharged, and uncocked condition.6.5.2 All low energy air guns must shoot at an energy level under 1.02.9 joules at the time of shipment at SATP.6.6 Design:6.6.1 All low energy air guns with an exposed trigger shall have a trigger guard.6.6.

33、2 It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to determine whether federal markings are required on its low energy air gunsand to follow all applicable regulations (see 15 CFR 1150).7. Performance Requirements7.1 Low Energy Air Gun FunctionCocking, pumping, loading, or charging of a low energy air

34、gun shall not cause the lowenergy air gun to discharge except in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. This does not limit the use of“auto-triggers.”7.2 Safety DeviceSafety devices shall be provided on all low energy air guns and all such devices can be activated whetheror not the low ener

35、gy air gun is cocked.All such devices shall be clearly marked to indicate the “safe” and “fire” or “on” and “off”positions, or an indicator on the safety device which exposes both a red color and a groove when the low energy air gun is in the“fire position.” All such devices shall be capable of prev

36、enting the low energy air guns from being discharged when a weight of9.1 kg (20 lb) is applied to the trigger. Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.3.7.3 Accidental DischargeLow energy air guns should not accidentally discharge when exposed to a drop in accordance with8.4.7.4 Trigger Mechan

37、ismThe weight applied to the trigger necessary to fire a low energy air gun shall be more than 1 6 0.05lb (0.45 6 0.09 kg) weight and less than 16 6 0.20 lb (7.3 6 0.09 kg). Tests shall be conducted in accordance with 8.5.7.5 Barrel Diameter SizeThe barrel diameter (excluding hop-up mechanism) of a

38、low energy air gun must be no less than themaximum size of projectile designed for that low energy air gun (for example, 6 mm for a low energy air gun which will shoot6 mm projectiles).7.6 Structural Integrity Requirement for Low Energy Air Guns Using CO2 Propulsion SystemsLow energy air guns using

39、CO2propulsion systems shall be constructed to prevent the full or partially filled CO2 cylinder from being propelled from the gun whilethe cylinder is being emptied, installed, or removed.7.7 Temperature Test for Low Energy Air Guns Using CO2 Propulsion SystemsLow energy air guns using CO2 gas propu

40、lsionsystems shall be capable of retaining the CO2 and the cylinder in a pierced state when both are heated to a temperature of 160 65F (71 6 2.7C) and maintained for 12 h without structural failure of the low energy air gun. Tests shall be conducted inaccordance with 8.6. Seal failure between the l

41、ow energy air gun and cylinder is acceptable.7.8 Muzzle EnergyLow energy air guns shall have a muzzle energy of 1.02.9 joule or less. Tests shall be conducted inaccordance with 8.8.8. Test Methods8.1 No precision statement on any of the following test methods is available at this time.8.2 Low Energy

42、 Air Gun Function Test:F2748 1438.2.1 SignificanceThis method is performed to ensure that the low energy air gun, when operated in accordance with themanufacturers operating instructions, will not discharge except in accordance with the manufacturers instructions during cocking,pumping, loading, and

43、 charging.8.2.2 Apparatus:8.2.2.1 Manufacturers operating instructions for the low energy air gun.8.2.2.2 Projectiles conforming to Specification F2679 and manufacturers recommended propellants.8.2.2.3 Appropriate back stop.8.2.3 Test SpecimenThe test specimen shall consist of a new low energy air g

44、un, selected in accordance with themanufacturers usual quality assurance practices.8.2.4 Procedure:8.2.4.1 Conduct the test at room temperature (60 to 80F (16 to 27C).8.2.4.2 Insert the manufacturers recommended propellant (if required) and load the projectile magazine or chamber of a lowenergy air

45、gun to capacity.8.2.4.3 Operate the low energy air gun in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Test fire the low energy air gun untilall the projectiles have been discharged. Reload the low energy air gun, if required, and continue to fire until a minimum of 100projectiles have been disch

46、arged.8.2.4.4 If a low energy air gun has variable functions (power, hop-up, mode, etc.) test the low energy air gun with at least 10projectiles for each of the possible combination of such variables.8.2.4.5 The low energy air gun passes the test if no discharge of a projectile occurred except in ac

47、cordance with manufacturersinstructions.8.3 Safety Device Test:8.3.1 SignificanceThis method determines if the safety device will withstand a 9.1 kg (20 lb) applied weight without failure,causing the low energy air gun to discharge.8.3.2 ApparatusA trigger weight system having a 9.1 6 0.02 kg (20 6

48、0.05 lb) weight. Arrange the weight system so thatthe weight can be picked up by the trigger of the low energy air gun with the low energy air gun in a vertical position, muzzleup. (A spring gauge, capable of measuring the trigger force, can be used instead of weight system.)8.3.3 Test SpecimenThe t

49、est specimen shall consist of a new low energy air gun, selected in accordance with themanufacturers usual quality assurance practices.8.3.4 Procedure:8.3.4.1 Conduct the test at SATP.8.3.4.2 Conduct all tests without projectiles in the low energy air gun.8.3.4.3 Place safety device in “safe” position or the electronic switch in the “off” position.8.3.4.4 Apply a 9.1 kg (20 lb) load at the center point of the trigger for 20 s with the load applied to the center of the face ofthe trigger and remove the load.8.3.4.5 Pu