ASTM F2656-2007 Standard Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers《环形物障的车辆撞击测试的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2656 07Standard Test Method forVehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2656; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONOriginal perimeter barrier test methods were first published in 1985 by the Bureau of DiplomaticSecurity to assess the crash performance o

3、f perimeter barriers and gates. Since that time, the frequencyand scale of attacks using vehicles with or without an explosive payload have increased bothinternationally and domestically. Therefore, there is a need to address a broad spectrum of possibleincident conditions such as credible threat ve

4、hicle types for the locale, attack velocities of the differentvehicles, and different acceptable penetration limitations. Also, there are different evaluation criteriafor different agencies that fulfill their unique access control operations, aesthetics, and otherorganizational requirements. This te

5、st method is intended to expand the current Department of State,Bureau of Diplomatic Securitys crash testing standard to meet the broader needs of multipleorganizations responsible for the protection of U.S. assets domestically and abroad.Published test standards for perimeter security devices have

6、previously been maintained by the U.S.State Department, Bureau of Diplomatic Security. The Specification for Vehicle Crash Test ofPerimeter Barriers and Gates was first published in 1985 as SD-STD-02.01. In that standard, the testvehicle was specified as a medium-duty truck weighing 6800 kg (15 000

7、lb). The payload was to besecurely attached to the frame and nominal impact velocities were 50 km/h (30 mph), 65 km/h (40mph), and 80 km/h (50 mph). Penetration limits were1m(3ft), 6 m (20 ft), and 15 m (50 ft) and weremeasured from the attack face of the perimeter security device to the final resti

8、ng position of the frontof the frame rails of the test vehicle.In 2003, the U.S. State Department, Bureau of Diplomatic Security issued an updated standard(SD-STD-02.01, Revision A) for the testing of perimeter barriers. This update was done for severalreasons. The foremost reason for change was lim

9、ited setback distances precluded the use of anydevices at their facilities or compounds that did not meet the highest test level, that is, those allowingmore than 1-m (3-ft) penetration distance. Therefore, the revised standard only uses a 1-m (3-ft)penetration distance. Secondly, the method of rigi

10、d attachment of the ballast to the test vehicle was notsimulating likely payload configurations and was altering the structural integrity of the test vehicle.Consequently, the updated standard requires a payload consisting of 208-L (55-gal) steel drumsstrapped together that have been filled with soi

11、l. This assembly is then strapped to the vehicle loadplatform. The third reason for change was based on the observation that the cargo bed of trucks couldeffectively penetrate certain types of barriers. Accordingly, the penetration distance is now measuredfrom the inside face or non-impact surface o

12、f the barrier to the front of the cargo bed when the vehiclehas reached its final position. Lastly, it was determined that the trucks used different platforms withina given class affecting result consistency. The revised test standard now requires the use of veryspecific diesel-powered medium-duty t

13、rucks.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a range of vehicle impactconditions, designations, and penetration performance levels.This will allow an agency to select passive perimeter barriersand active entry point barriers appropriate for use at facilitieswith a defined moving vehicle threat. Agenc

14、ies may adopt andspecify those condition designations and performance levels inthis test method that satisfy their specific needs. Agencies mayalso assign certification ratings for active and passive perimeterbarriers based on the tests and test methodologies describedherein. Many test parameters ar

15、e standardized to arrive at a1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007.1Copyright ASTM Internat

16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Smon vehicle type and mass, enhance test realism andreplication, and produce uniform rating designations.1.2 Compliance with these test procedures establishes ameasure of performance but does not render any perimeter

17、barrier invulnerable to vehicle penetration. Caution should beexercised in interpreting test findings and in extrapolatingresults to other than test conditions. While computer simula-tions are powerful tools that are useful in the development ofnew and improved barriers or in estimating performance

18、underdiffering conditions, use of only the results from computersimulation for fielding a product is strongly discouraged. Whenperforming a test, developers and users are encouraged toaddress specific or unusual site conditions as needed. Oftenlocal terrain features, soil conditions, climate, or oth

19、er itemswill dictate special needs at specific locations. Therefore, if siteconditions are likely to degrade a barriers performance, theagency in need of a perimeter barrier should require testingwith the specific site conditions replicated for full-scale crashtesting.1.3 Product/design certificatio

20、n under this test method onlyaddresses the ability of the barrier to withstand the impact ofthe test vehicle. It does not represent an endorsement of theproduct/design or address its operational suitability.1.4 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values shown in parentheses

21、 are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations p

22、rior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Sand-Cone MethodD 2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)32.2 AASHTO Standards4M147-65 Standard Specifications for

23、 Transportation Mate-rials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Table 1Grading Requirements for Soil-Aggregate Materials,Grading BT099 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Rela-tions of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) Rammer and a305-mm (12-in.) Drop2.3 ISO Standard5ISO/IEC 17025 General requi

24、rements for the competence oftesting and calibration laboratories2.4 SAE Standard6J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1: ElectronicInstrumentationJ211-2 Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 2: Photo-graphic Instrumentation2.5 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers PDC Standard7DOD Certified Anti-Ram V

25、ehicle Barriers82.6 U.S. Department of State DS9SD-STD-02.01 Specification for Vehicle Crash Test of Pe-rimeter Barriers and Gates, 1985SD-STD-02.01, Revision A Test Method for Vehicle CrashTesting of Perimeter Barriers and Gates, 20033. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 “A” pillar, nstructural membe

26、r forming the forwardcorner of the cab or passenger compartment.3.1.2 accredited independent testing laboratory, ntestinglaboratory accredited to perform the referenced testing proce-dures by a nationally recognized accrediting agency in accor-dance with ISO/IEC 17025 and led by a test director.3.1.

27、2.1 DiscussionAccredited independent testing labora-tories may have no financial interest in or otherwise beaffiliated with companies or individuals for which they performaccreditation testing. Hereinafter, accredited independent test-ing laboratories are referred to as either accredited facilities

28、ortesting laboratories. Other independent testing agencies ac-tively pursuing accreditation and whose testing protocols areaccepted by a federal agency may also conduct tests for aperiod of one year after performing the first test using this testmethod.3.1.3 agency, nspecifier, responsible party, or

29、 owner.3.1.4 berm, nmounded section of available material suchas soil, gravel, rock, and so forth.3.1.5 bollard, nvertical posts or series of posts, usuallysteel, concrete, wood, or combinations of same, used tochannel or restrict vehicular traffic which includes fixed,removable, and operable/retrac

30、table posts.3.1.6 condition designation, nrelates vehicle type andvehicle velocity to the kinetic energy for which testing isconducted.3.1.7 continuous barrier, nany perimeter barrier thatrelies on a continuous foundation or a continuous structuralelement to resist penetration by vehicles.3.1.8 debr

31、is, npost-impact barrier and vehicle compo-nents disbursed due to impact.3.1.9 ditch, nexcavation into existing grade with varyingcross sections such as “V” or “U” shaped.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann

32、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.5A

33、vailable from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.7Available from the U.S. Arm

34、y Corps of Engineers, Protective Design Center,12565 W. Center Rd., Omaha, NE 68144-3869, https:/pdc.usace.army.mil/library/BarrierCertification. Maintains 1985 list for penetration purposes.8These barriers meet the certification criteria of SD-STD-02.01, Revision A,dated March 2003, with the except

35、ion of penetration, which has been evaluated forconformance with SD-STD-02.01, April 1985 (the previous version of the DOStesting criteria).9Available from U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Officeof Physical Security Programs, Physical Security Division, Washington, D.C.20520-

36、1403F 2656 0723.1.10 dynamic penetration distance, nduring the crashevent, the maximum horizontal penetration distance of thereference point on the test vehicle, as defined in 7.5.2,tothepretest location of a reference point on or near the perimeterbarrier.3.1.10.1 DiscussionSee Annex A1 for barrier

37、 referencepoint locations.3.1.11 final resting point, ndistance from the pre-impactreference point on a perimeter barrier to the defined vehiclereference point at final rest.3.1.12 override, na type of crash in which a portion of avehicle goes over a barrier.3.1.13 penetration rating, nrating achiev

38、ed by a barrierbased on dynamic penetration distance for a given conditiondesignation.3.1.14 perimeter barrier, ngate, bollard, wall, fence,planter, other structure, or natural topographic feature (that is,berms, rocks, or trenches) that provides protection against avehicle trying to overtly gain ac

39、cess to a compound or facility.3.1.14.1 DiscussionActive barriers will operate to allowtraffic to flow while passive barriers are not easily moved. Theperimeter is typically the outermost boundary over which thefacility has control and is normally defined by the propertyline.3.1.15 rated-ASTM perime

40、ter barrier, ntested perimeterbarrier that achieves a given penetration rating based on adefined test vehicle traveling perpendicular to the barrier at aspecified impact velocity.3.1.16 setback, nhorizontal distance from the barrier ref-erence point to the nearest surface of the building beingprotec

41、ted.3.1.16.1 DiscussionLoss of setback is equivalent to theoriginal setback minus the penetration distance as defined by7.5.2 for the respective vehicles.3.1.17 supplier, nmanufacturer, distributor, designer, orconstructor of the barrier system that is to be tested and caninclude contractors, engine

42、ers, and architects.3.1.18 test director, nemployee of the testing laboratoryresponsible for all aspects of a test.3.1.19 test vehicle, ndesignated vehicle for specific crashtesting.3.1.20 underride, va type of crash in which a portion of avehicle goes under a barrier.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 AASHTOAmeric

43、an Association of State HighwayTransportation Officials3.2.2 DHSU.S. Department of Homeland Security3.2.3 DODU.S. Department of Defense3.2.4 DOEU.S. Department of Energy3.2.5 DOSU.S. Department of State3.2.6 DOS-DSDepartment of State-Bureau of DiplomaticSecurity3.2.7 DOTU.S. Department of Transporta

44、tion3.2.8 GSAGeneral Services Administration3.2.9 ISOInternational Standards Organization3.2.10 NCHRPNational Cooperative Highway ResearchProgram3.2.11 OBOOverseas Building Operations3.2.12 USACE-PDCUnited States Army Corps ofEngineers-Protective Design Center3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 fpsframes per se

45、cond3.3.2 ft/sfeet per second3.3.3 gmeasure of acceleration referenced to gravity3.3.4 km/hkilometers per hour3.3.5 lbmpounds mass3.3.6 m/smeters per second3.3.7 mphmiles per hour4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The set of drawings and specifications for a barrier thatis to be tested shall be submitted

46、by the supplier to the testinglaboratory at least 14 days before testing. These documentsshall become part of the permanent test record. If a supplierdesires to obtain listing of their barrier by one of severalagencies that maintain such lists, then see Appendix X3 foradditional information.4.2 Befo

47、re testing, an approved test vehicle, test velocity,and desired penetration rating is selected by the supplier incoordination with the test director and others who might beinvolved. The test is then conducted at the chosen velocityusing the defined test vehicle and ballast conforming to this testmet

48、hod. Required test data shall be captured and reported.4.3 The test director shall determine the validity of the testand, if found valid, shall assign a penetration rating for thebarrier. The perimeter barrier shall then become a rated ASTMperimeter barrier5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method

49、 provides a structured procedure toestablish a penetration rating for perimeter barriers subjected toa vehicle impact. Knowing the penetration rating provides theability to select an appropriate barrier for site-specific condi-tions around a facility.5.2 The barrier penetration rating does not imply that abarrier will perform as rated in all site conditions, approachroutes, and topography. Also, only single-specimen tests at aspecified impact location are required by this test method, andtherefore, not all points of imp