ASTM F2236-2016a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Soft Infant and Toddler Carriers《婴幼儿软背带的标准消费品安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2236 16aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forSoft Infant and Toddler Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2236; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification is intended to address incidents reported by the U.S. ConsumerProduct Safety Commission (CPSC) rel

3、ating to soft infant carriers.In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attemptsto minimize the hazards associated with these products from the following: (1) occupant retention, (2)structural integrity, (3) deficiency of consumer education regarding p

4、roduct use. This consumer safetyspecification is intended to deal with reasonably foreseeable use and misuse of the products. Thisconsumer safety specification does not apply to products that are blatantly misused, nor does it applyto products used by consumers in a careless manner that violate norm

5、al practice or disregard theinstructions or warnings provided with the product, or both.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes perfor-mance requirements, test methods and marking requirements topromote safe use of soft infant and toddler carriers.1.2 This consumer safety specific

6、ation is intended to mini-mize the risk of incidents to an infant from the normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse of these products.1.3 For purposes of definition, a soft infant and toddlercarrier is a product, normally of sewn fabric construction,which is designed to contain a full term infant

7、 to a toddler,generally in an upright position, in close proximity to thecaregiver. In general, the child will weigh between 7 and 45 lb(3.2 and 22 kg). The soft infant and toddler carrier is normally“worn” by the caregiver with a child positioned in the carrierand the weight of the child and carrie

8、r suspended from one orboth shoulders of the caregiver. These products may be wornon the front, side, or back of the caregivers body with theinfant either facing towards or away from the caregiver. Thisconsumer safety specification does not include products gen-erally referred to as “slings.”1.4 No

9、soft infant and toddler carrier produced after theapproval date of this consumer safety specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with the specifi-cation unless it complies with all of the requirements containedherein.1.5 This consumer safety specification is not intend

10、ed toaddress incidents and injuries resulting from the interaction ofother persons or objects with the caregiver and infant while thesoft carrier is in use.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units

11、 that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7 of this consumer safety speci-fication. This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us

12、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF963 Consumer Safety

13、 Specification for Toy SafetyF977 Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Walkers2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substance Act Regulations1This consumer safety specification is under th

14、e jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.21 on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2236

15、 16. DOI:10.1520/F2236-16A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Code of Federal Regulations, avai

16、lable from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States116 CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi) Definition of “Flammable Solid”16 CFR 1500.44 Method for Determining Extremely Flam-mable and Flam

17、mable Solids16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use ByChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use By Children Under Eig

18、ht Years of Age16 CFR 1500.50-.51 Test Methods for Simulating Use andAbuse of Toys and Other Articles for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration or IngestionHazards Because of S

19、mall Parts16 CFR 1610 Standard for the Flammability of ClothingTextiles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 carrying positionthe location on the caregiverstorso where the child is supported by the soft carrier. The mostcommon carrying positions are front, back, and side/hip.3.1.2 conspicuouslabel whi

20、ch is visible when the productis in the manufacturers use position to a caregiver who isplacing the occupant in the soft carrier or when the caregiverplaces the product on his or her body.3.1.3 cordlength of slender, flexible material includingmonofilaments, rope, woven and twisted cord, plastic or

21、textiletapes, ribbons and those fibrous materials commonly calledstring.3.1.4 dynamic loadapplication of impulsive force throughfree fall of a weight.3.1.5 fabricany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extrudedor calendared flexible material that is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued toge

22、ther as an assembly.3.1.6 fastenermechanical means of attachment that mayalso allow for adjustments of the product fit to wearer andoccupant including, but not limited to, buckles, snaps, rings,D-rings, hook-and-loop, etc., and excluding fabric-only meansof attachment and fit adjustment such as, but

23、 not limited to,consumer-tied knots.3.1.7 leg openingopening in the soft carrier throughwhich the occupants legs extend when the product is used inthe manufacturers recommended use position.3.1.8 manufacturers recommended use position(s)anyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or accept

24、ableconfiguration for use of the product by the manufacturer in anydescriptive or instructional literature. This specifically ex-cludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like mannerin its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe or not recommended.3.1.9 non-paper labelany label material (such

25、as plastic ormetal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears,leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.10 occupantthat individual who is placed or carried inthe soft carrier product in one of the manufacturers recom-mended use positions.3.1.11 paper labelany label material which tears wi

26、thoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.12 primary load bearing fastenerany fastener whichprovides support for the child or is used to attach that supportof the child to the caregiver, or both, that is subject to the directforce of the occupant load, including those fasteners associatedw

27、ith positioning or supporting the childs torso within thecarrier.3.1.13 seammeans of joining fabric components, such assewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.14 secondary load bearing fastenerany fastenerwhich provides aid to the wearer for positioning primary loadbearing components (for examp

28、le, sternum strap fasteners).Such fasteners are subject to forces less than those exhibited bythe direct occupant load in intended/foreseeable use.3.1.15 static loadvertically downward force applied by acalibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.16 unbounded leg openingleg opening created byplacin

29、g the soft carrier on a caregivers torso and which has anopening circumference composed solely of carrier materialsand the caregivers torso.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 The product shall be completely assembled in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions.4.2 No testing shall be condu

30、cted within 48 h of manufac-ture.4.3 The product to be tested shall be at an ambient tempera-ture of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least one hour beforetesting.All testing shall be conducted in this temperature range.4.4 All testing required by this consumer safety specifica-tion shall be conducted on th

31、e same unit in the order presentedin this specification unless otherwise specified (see 7.2).5. General Requirements5.1 Hazardous Sharp Points or EdgesThere shall be nosharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16CFR 1500.49 before and after testing.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small

32、 parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Lead in PaintThe paint or surface coating on theproduct shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any wooden parts shall besmooth and free of splinters.5.5 Locking and Latc

33、hingAny product designed with alocking and latching device must remain in the manufacturersrecommended use position before and after completion of alltests in this standard.5.6 LabelingWarning labels (whether paper or non paper)shall be permanent when tested per 7.3 7.5.5.6.1 Warning statements appl

34、ied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, and so forth shall be permanent when tested inaccordance with 7.4.F2236 16a25.6.2 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.5.5.7 Flammability of Textile Products:

35、5.7.1 There shall be no Class 2 or 3 fabrics used in theconstruction of a soft infant and toddler carrier when theproduct is evaluated against the requirements of 16 CFR 1610.5.7.2 If a soft infant and toddler carrier is incapable of beingevaluated to the requirements of 16 CFR 1610 due to construc-

36、tion characteristics, the product shall not be flammable asdefined under 16 CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi) when tested in accor-dance with Consumer Safety Specification F963, Annex 5.5.8 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with a soft infant carrier, as well as their means ofattachment, mu

37、st meet applicable requirements of ConsumerSafety Specification F963.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Leg OpeningsLeg openings shall not permit the pas-sage of the Leg Opening Test Sphere when tested in accor-dance with 7.1.6.2 Dynamic and Static Load:6.2.1 Structural IntegrityDynamic and static load

38、testingshall not result in a hazardous condition as defined in Section5 or result in a structural failure such as fasteners breaking ordisengaging, or seams separating when tested in accordancewith 7.2.1 and 7.2.2, respectively.6.2.2 Support/Shoulder Strap SlippageAdjustable sec-tions of support/sho

39、ulder straps shall not slip, in a manner thatloosens the strap, more than 1 in. (25 mm) per strap from theiroriginal adjusted position after dynamic and static load testingis performed in accordance with 7.2.1 and 7.2.2, respectively.6.3 Unbounded Leg OpeningLeg opening shall not allowcomplete passa

40、ge of the truncated test cone (see Fig. 1) whentested according to 7.6.6.4 Fastener Strength and Strap Retention:6.4.1 Each unique primary load bearing fastener shall notbreak or disengage, and adjustable elements in straps shall notslip, in a manner that loosens the strap, more than 1 in. (2.5 cm)w

41、hen tested in accordance with 7.7.1 and 7.7.2.6.4.2 Each unique fastener whose primary purpose is toadjust the size of the leg opening, or is a secondary loadbearing fastener, shall not break or disengage, and adjustableelements in straps shall not slip, in a manner that loosens thestrap, more than

42、1 in. (2.5 cm) when tested in accordance with7.7.1 and 7.7.3.NOTE 1The requirements in 6.4 only apply to load bearing fastenersand leg opening adjustment fasteners. Non-load bearing fasteners intendedto retain accessory items such as, but not limited to, sleeping hoods, bibs,toy rings etc., or faste

43、ners which do not provide support or securement ofthe childs torso within the carrier (for example, head adjustmentfasteners) are exempt from these requirements.7. Test Methods7.1 Leg Openings:7.1.1 Fasten the soft carrier to a rigid fixture in a mannersuch that the leg opening of the carrier is hor

44、izontal. Theopening shall be as close to the center of the fixture as possible.If the leg opening is adjustable in size to allow for growth, itshall be tested with the leg opening adjusted to its smallest sizeas described in the manufacturers literature or instructions.7.1.2 Place the leg opening te

45、st sphere (see Fig. 2) inside thecarrier and gradually allow the sphere to rest in the leg openingover a period of 5 s.Allow the sphere to rest in the opening foran additional 1 min.7.1.3 Repeat the test for the other leg opening.7.2 Dynamic and Static Load TestsThe dynamic and statictests in 7.2.1

46、and 7.2.2, respectively, shall be performed on thesame product sample in each carrying position with a newproduct sample being tested for each different carrying posi-tion. For example, a product that may be worn on the front andback has two carrying positions therefore a minimum of twosamples must

47、be tested. One product sample shall be used forthe front carrying position dynamic and static tests, and anotherfor the back carrying position dynamic and static tests.7.2.1 Dynamic Load Test:7.2.1.1 Equipment: (1) Shot Bag6 to 8 in. (152 to 203mm) diameter shot bag with total mass of 25 lbm (11.3 k

48、g) ora mass equal to the manufacturers recommended maximumoccupant weight for the specific carrying position of theproduct, whichever is greater.Aproduct with multiple carryingpositions may have different manufacturers recommendedmaximum weights for each carrying position.NOTE 2Solid, cylindrical we

49、ights (Olympic-sized barbell weightFIG. 1 Truncated Test ConeF2236 16a3plates, for example) may be secured on top of the 25 lbm (6.9 kg) shot bagwhen a greater total mass is required.(2) Test Torso4 See Fig. 3.7.2.1.2 Position, secure, and adjust the soft carrier onto thetest torso4according to the manufacturers instructions pro-vided with the product.7.2.1.3 Position the shot bag a distance of 1 in. (25 mm)above the seat of the soft carrier.Allow the shot bag to free fallonto the seat ten times with a cycle time of 4 6 1 s/cycl