ASTM F963-2016 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety《玩具安全的标准消费者安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F963 16 An American National StandardStandard Consumer Safety Specification forToy Safety1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this consumer safety specification is to establish nationally recognized safetyrequirements for toys. Although this s

3、pecification will not eliminate the need for the exercise ofparental responsibility in selecting toys appropriate to the age of a child, or parental supervision insituations in which children of various ages may have access to the same toys, its application willminimize accidents in the normal, inte

4、nded use and reasonably foreseeable abuse of the toys coveredby this specification. This specification was developed originally as a Voluntary Product Standardunder the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and published in1976 (PS 7276). The present revision is inten

5、ded to update the safety requirements to include thefollowing by reference: published federal mandatory requirements, relevant voluntary standards,certain new requirements for addressing potential hazards, and several technical revisions based onproducer experience with the original standard.1. Scop

6、e1.1 This specification2relates to possible hazards that maynot be recognized readily by the public and that may beencountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended orafter reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does not purport to coverevery conceivable hazard of a particular toy. This specificat

7、iondoes not cover product performance or quality, except asrelated to safety. Except for the labeling requirements pointingout the functional hazards and age range for which the toy isintended, this specification has no requirements for thoseaspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized h

8、azardas part of the function of the toy. Such an example is a sharppoint necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is aninherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of atoy sewing kit, and this hazard is communicated to the user aspart of the normal educational process.1.2 On th

9、e other hand, while a riding toy has inherenthazards associated with its use (for example, falling off ontothe sidewalk), the possible hazards associated with its con-struction (sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) will beminimized by the application of this specification.1.3 This specification co

10、vers requirements and contains testmethods for toys intended for use by children under 14 years ofage. Different age limits for various requirements will be foundin this specification. These limits reflect the nature of thehazards and expected mental or physical ability, or both, of achild to cope w

11、ith the hazards.1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows:BicyclesTricyclesNon-Powered Scooters(see Consumer Safety Specification F2264)Recreational Powered Scooters and Pocket Bikes(see Consumer Safety Specification F2641)Sling shots and sharp-pointed dartsPlayground equipmentNo

12、n-powder gunsKitesHobby and craft items in which the finished item is notprimarily of play valueModel kits in which the finished item is not primarily ofplay valueCrayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials inwhich the material itself or the finished item is notprimarily of play value,

13、except that all art materials,whether or not a component of a toy, must comply withLHAMA, in accordance with 4.29.1 4.29.3.Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment,1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct res

14、ponsibility of SubcommitteeF15.22 on Toy Safety.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F963 11. DOI:10.1520/F0963-16.2Toy Industry Association, Inc. (TIA) sometimes provides its interpretations ofthis speci

15、fication through its counsel as a service to its members and others. TheTIAs interpretations are not reviewed or approved byASTM and should be viewedas TIAs alone.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1musical instruments, ju

16、venile products, and furniture;however, toys that are their counterparts are covered.(It is recognized that there is often a fine line between,for example, a musical instrument or a sporting itemand its toy counterpart. The intention of the produceror distributor, as well as normal use and reasonabl

17、yforeseeable abuse, determines whether the item is atoy counterpart.)Powered models of aircraft, rockets, boats, and landvehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts arecovered.Constant air inflatables1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy pack-aging are contained in Annex A1.1.

18、6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is con-tained in Annex A2.1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the follow-ing sections:Title SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Safety Requirements 4Material Quality 4.1Flammability 4.2Toxicology 4.3Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4

19、Sound-Producing Toys 4.5Small Objects 4.6Accessible Edges 4.7Projections 4.8Accessible Points 4.9Wires or Rods 4.10Nails and Fasteners 4.11Plastic Film 4.12Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.13Cords, Straps, and Elastics 4.14Stability and Over-Load Requirements 4.15Confined Spaces 4.16Wheels, Tires, an

20、d Axles 4.17Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.18Simulated Protective Devices 4.19Pacifiers 4.20Projectile Toys 4.21Teethers and Teething Toys 4.22Rattles 4.23Squeeze Toys 4.24Battery-Operated Toys 4.25Toys Intended to be Attached to a Cribor Playpen 4.26Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toy

21、s 4.27Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.28Art Materials 4.29Toy Gun Marking 4.30Balloons 4.31Certain Toys with Nearly Spherical Ends 4.32Marbles 4.33Balls 4.34Pompoms 4.35Hemispheric-Shaped Objects 4.36Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys 4.37Magnets 4.38Jaw Entrapment in Handles and Steering Wheels 4.39Expanding M

22、aterials 4.40Toy Chests 4.41Labeling Requirements 5Instructional Literature 6Producers Markings 7Test Methods 8General 8.1Testing for Hazardous Substance Content 8.2Test Methods for Determination of Heavy ElementContent in Toys, Toy Components and Materials8.3Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative E

23、ffectiveness 8.4Normal Use Testing 8.5Abuse Testing 8.6Impact Tests 8.7Torque Tests for Removal of Components 8.8Tension Test for Removal of Components 8.9Compression Test 8.10Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel andAxle Assembly Removal 8.11Flexure Test 8.12Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys and Mout

24、h-Actuated ProjectileToys8.13Projectiles 8.14Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys or Toy Seats 8.15Pompoms 8.16Stalled Motor Test for Battery-Operated Toys 8.17Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-On Toys 8.18Test for Toys that Contain Secondary Cells or Batteries 8.19Tests for Toys which Produce Noise 8.20

25、Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-On Toys 8.21Plastic Film Thickness 8.22Test for Loops and Cords 8.23Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods 8.24Magnet Test Methods 8.25Test Methods for Locking Mechanisms orOther Means 8.26Tests for Toy Chest Lids and Closures 8.27Test for Overload of Ride-On To

26、ys and Toy Seats 8.28Stuffing Materials Evaluation 8.29Expanding Materials Test Method 8.30Identification 9Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1Packaging and Shipping Annex A2Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribsor Playpens Annex A3Design Guidelines for Bath Toy Projections Annex A4Flammability Tes

27、ting Procedure for Solids and Soft Toys Annex A5Flammability Testing Procedure for Fabrics Annex A6Compositing Procedure for Total Heavy Metal Analysis Annex A7Design Guidelines for Battery Operated Toys Annex A8Rationale for 2007 Revisions Annex A9Rationale for 2008 Revisions Annex A10Rationale for

28、 2011 Revisions Annex A11Rationale for 2016 Revisions Annex A121.8 The values stated first are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification:

29、 Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documen

30、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:3D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electri-cal InsulationD642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistanceof Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit LoadsD880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Contain-ers and Systems3For referenced ASTM standards,

31、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.F963 162D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-tainersD1193 Specification fo

32、r Reagent WaterD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3421 Recommended Practice for Extraction and Determi-nation of Plasticizer Mixtures from Vinyl Chloride Plas-tics (Withdrawn 1986)4D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for ChronicHealth HazardsD5276 Test Method for Drop Tes

33、t of Loaded Containers byFree FallF404 Consumer Safety Specification for High ChairsF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF1313 Specification for Volatile N-Nitrosamine Levels inRubber Nipples on PacifiersF1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Play

34、ground EquipmentF2264 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-PoweredScootersF2641 Consumer Safety Specification for Recreational Pow-ered Scooters and Pocket BikesF2853 Test Method for Determination of Lead in PaintLayers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homog-enous Materials by Energy Dispe

35、rsive X-Ray Fluores-cence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Ex-citation BeamsF2923 Specification for Consumer Product Safety for Chil-drens Jewelry2.2 ANSI Standards:5ANSI C18.1 M, Part 1 American National Standard forPortable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Elec-trolyte General and

36、 SpecificationsANSI C18.1 M, Part 2 American National Standard forPortable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Elec-trolyte Safety StandardANSI C18.2 M, Part 1 American National Standard forPortable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries General andSpecificationsANSI C18.2 M, Part 2 American National

37、 Standard forPortable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries Safety Stan-dardANSI C18.3 M, Part 1 American National Standard forPortable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries Generaland SpecificationsANSI C18.3 M, Part 2 American National Standard forPortable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries SafetyStanda

38、rdANSI/UL 1012 Power Units Other Than Class 2ANSI/UL 609501 Information Technology Equip-ment Safety Part 1: General RequirementsANSI/UL 2595 General Requirements for Battery-PoweredAppliancesS1.4 Specification for Sound Level MetersZ315.1 Safety Requirements for Tricycles2.3 European Union Standard

39、s:6EN 71-1 Safety of toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physicalpropertiesEN 71-3 Safety of toys - Part 3: Migration of certainelements2.4 Federal Standards:715 CFR 272 Marking of Toys, Look-Alike and ImitationFirearms16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead Cont

40、aining Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-cluding the following sections:16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “flammable solid”16 CFR 1500.14 Products requiring special labeling undersection 3(b) of the act16 CFR 1500.18 Banned toys and other banned articlesintended for us

41、e by children16 CFR 1500.19 Misbranded toys and other articles intendedfor use by children16 CFR 1500.44 Method for determining extremely flam-mable and flammable solids16 CFR 1500.48 Technical requirements for determining asharp point in toys and other articles intended for use bychildren under 8 y

42、ears of age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical requirements for determining asharp metal or glass edge in toys and other articlesintended for use by children under 8 years of age16 CFR 1500.50-53 Test method for simulating use andabuse of toys and other articles intended for use bychildren16 CFR 1500.83 Exempt

43、ions for small packages, minorhazards, and special circumstances16 CFR 1500.85 Exemptions from classification as bannedhazardous substances16 CFR 1500.86 Exemptions from classification as a bannedtoy or other banned article for use by children16 CFR 1500.87 Childrens products containing lead: inac-c

44、essible component parts16 CFR 1500.88 Exemptions from lead limits under section101 of the Consumer Product Safety ImprovementAct forcertain electronic devices16 CFR 1500.91 Determinations regarding lead content forcertain materials or products under section 101 of theConsumer Product Safety Improvem

45、ent Act16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years of Agewhich Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion HazardsBecause of Small Parts4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Electronic copy availa

46、ble from American National Standards Institute website:www.ansi.org; hard copies from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness WayEast, Englewood, CO 80112.6Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.7Available from U.S

47、. Consumer Product Safety Commission website:www.cpsc.gov or U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents;P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954; website: www.gpo.govF963 16316 CFR 1505 Requirements for Electrically Operated Toysor Other Electrically Operated Articles Intended fo

48、r Useby Children16 CFR 1510 Requirements for Rattles16 CFR 1511 Requirements for Pacifiers16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-tiles21 CFR 110 Current Good Manufacturing Practice inManufacturing, Processing, Packaging, or Holding Hu-man Food21 CFR 170-189 Food for Human Consumption2

49、1 CFR 700-740 Requirements for Specific Cosmetic Prod-ucts21 CFR 73, 74, 81, 82 Color Additives29 CFR 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards49 CFR 173.100, 109 Definition of Class C ExplosivesCPSC-CH-E1001-08.3 Standard Operating Procedure forDetermining Total Lead (Pb) in Metal Childrens Products(including Childrens Metal Jewelry)8CPSC-CH-E1002-08.3 Standard Operating Procedure forDetermining Total Lead (Pb) in Non-Metal ChildrensProducts8CPSC-CH-E1003-09.1 Standard Operating Procedure forDetermining Lead (Pb) in Paint and Other Similar Surf