ASTM F1182-1990(2006) Standard Specification for Anodes Sacrificial Zinc Alloy《阳极 镀锌合金》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1182 90 (Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Specification forAnodes, Sacrificial Zinc Alloy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio

2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zincanodes in the form of slabs, plates, discs, and rod

3、s for corrosionprotection (cathodic protection) of metals and alloys.1.2 The anodes are primarily intended to reduce corrosionof surface ship and submarine hulls, steel and aluminumequipment and structures, sea chests, sonar domes, and theseawater side of condensers and other heat exchangers.1.3 The

4、 values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The metric (SI) units, given in parentheses, are forinformation purposes only and may be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this

5、 standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of a conflict betweenthe text of this specification and the references cited herein, thetext of this specif

6、ication shall take precedence.2.2 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelB 21/B 21M Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, andShapesB 103/B 103M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Plate,Sheet, Strip, and Rolled BarD 3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingE 290 Test Method

7、s for Bend Testing of Material forDuctilityE 536 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Zinc and ZincAlloys2.3 Military Standards:3MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by AttributesMIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageMIL-STD-1186 Cushioning,Anchoring, Bracing, Blocking,an

8、d Waterproofing; With Appropriate Test Methods2.4 Military Specification:3MIL-P-15011 Pallets Material Handling, Wood Post Con-struction, 4-Way Entry2.5 Federal Specifications:3PPP-B-601 Boxes, Wood, Cleated PlywoodPPP-B-621 Boxes, Wood, Nailed and Lock-CornerPPP-B-636 Boxes, Shipping, Fiberboard2.6

9、 American National Standards Institute Standard:ANSI/ASME B1.20.1Pipe Threads, General Purpose(Inch)3. Classification3.1 The anodes shall be of the following classes and types,as specified (see 4.1.2):3.1.1 Class 1Cast-in cores:3.1.1.1 Type ZHSZinc, hull slab, steel straps, 23 and 42-lb(10 and 19-kg

10、) sizes.3.1.1.2 Type ZHBZinc, hull slab, brass straps, 23-lb(10-kg) size.3.1.1.3 Type ZHCZinc, hull slab, core strap, 23 and 42-lb(10 and 19-kg) sizes.3.1.1.4 Type ZSSZinc, submarine slab, steel strap, 12 and24-lb (5 and 11-kg) sizes.3.1.1.5 Type ZTSZinc, teardrop shape, steel strap, 5-lb(2-kg) size

11、.3.1.1.6 Type ZEPZinc, heat exchanger or fair water disc,(pipe core or pipe bushing core):Style A square slab, 9-lb (4-kg) sizeStyle B circular slab, various sizesStyle C semicircular slab, 23-lb (10-kg) size3.1.1.7 Type ZBPZinc, bar, pipe core, 8-lb (4-kg) size.3.1.1.8 Type ZDMZinc, segmented disc,

12、 machine formedinterlocking core, various sizes.3.1.2 Class 2Plain, no cores;1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Publish

13、ed January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1182 90 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard

14、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un

15、ited States.3.1.2.1 Type ZRNZinc, rod, no core, extruded, drawn orrolled.3.1.2.2 Type ZPNZinc, plate, no core, rolled.3.2 The letter designations of types of anodes have thefollowing meanings:3.2.1 The first letter designates anode metal:Z zinc3.2.2 The second letter designates the shape or general

16、use:H hull slabS submarine slabT teardrop shapeE heat exchanger slabR rod, cylindricalP plateB bar, squareD disc, segmented3.2.3 The third letter designates the core:B brass strapsS steel strapsC core strapP pipe coreM machine formed interlocking coreN no core4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for ma

17、terial under this specification shall includethe following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Class and type (see 3.1),4.1.3 Style of Type ZEP, if required (see 3.1.1.6 and Fig. 1),4.1.4 Diameter of Type ZEP, Style B, if required (see Fig.1),4.1.5 For Type ZDM, whether straig

18、ht or tapered threadsupport plug head is required (see section 5.1.4.2,)4.1.6 Diameter of Type ZDM, if required (see Fig. 2),FIG. 1 ZEP Heat Exchanger SlabF 1182 90 (2006)24.1.7 Length, width, and thickness of Type ZHS, if required(see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4),4.1.8 Whether Type ZHC is for surface ship or

19、 submarineusage, if required (see Figs. 5-8),4.1.9 Pipe or bolt diameter of Type ZRN, if required (seeFig. 9),4.1.10 Thickness of Type ZPN, if required (see 9.2.1),4.1.11 Quantity required (see 4.2),4.1.12 Quality assurance certification, if required (see 15.1),and4.1.13 Optional requirements, if an

20、y (see S1 through S3).4.2 The order for anodes should specify the exact number ofanodes required (see 4.1.11). Acquisition of anodes by weightis not practical and is not recommended.4.3 When material is ordered in the form of slabs, bars,discs, or rods, these terms refer merely to the general form a

21、nddimensions of the material and do not have any technicalsignificance as to the methods of manufacture.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Types ZHS, ZHC, ZSS, and ZTS anodes shall havesteel strap cores in accordance with SpecificationA 36/A 36M.The steel shall be coated with zinc, eith

22、er by the hot-dip orelectrodeposition method, to a minimum of 0.0005 in. (0.013mm).5.1.2 Type ZHB anodes shall have brass strap cores inaccordance with alloy 482 of Specification B 21 or phosphorbronze straps in accordance with C51000 of SpecificationB 103. The brass or bronze straps shall be coated

23、 with zinc toa minimum thickness of 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Lack ofadhesion of the zinc coating at bend or absence of zinc coatingat cut edges will not be cause for rejection of fabricated anodes.Cracks in the base metal shall be cause for rejection.5.1.2.1 The maximum copper content in the zinc, as

24、speci-fied in Table 1, may be increased to 0.020 % for Type ZHBanodes.5.1.3 Types ZEP and ZBP anodes shall have core insertsmade from zinc coated steel pipe or pipe couplings. Theminimum thickness of the coating shall be as specified in 5.1.1.5.1.4 Type ZDM anodes shall have machine formed inter-loc

25、king cores in accordance with commercial grade mild orleaded steel. The cores shall be flash coated with zinc, tin, oraluminum before assembly within the anodes.5.1.4.1 This core insert consists of an integral piece havinga threaded male stud at one end and a tapped hole at the otherNOTE 1All dimens

26、ions are in inches.NOTE 21 in. = 25.4 mm.FIG. 2 Zinc, Segmented Disc, Machine-Formed Interlocking Core, Type ZDMF 1182 90 (2006)3end. Provision has been made to achieve self-locking charac-teristics to interlocking threaded assemblies of multiple seg-mented anode discs by interference fit of bottom

27、male threadsinto a taper tapped hole.5.2 Manufacture:5.2.1 All anodes covered under this specification shall bemanufactured by any process suitable to the contracting agencyprovided they meet the mechanical properties and other re-quirements of this specification.5.2.2 For Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZSS,

28、and ZTS anodes,open or closed molds may be used. Cores and straps shall bepositioned so that they are embedded14 ,+18 ,or116 in. (6,+3, or 2 mm) as shown on Figs. 3-5, Fig. 7, and Fig. 10 andFig. 11, which may be measured from either surface of theanode as applicable, except Fig. 11 (bottom), which

29、shall beembedded38 ,+18 ,or116 in. (10, +3, or 2 mm).5.2.2.1 Type ZHC anodes designated as shown on Fig. 6 andFig. 8 and are intended for use with rubber washers forsubmarine application. The countersink for the rubber washermay be cast or machined. The anode shall be manufactured sothat the counter

30、sink is centered on the core hole and the rubberwasher fits snugly between the hull and anode core to preventanode movement or vibration.5.2.2.2 Type ZSS, ZHS, ZHB, and ZTS anodes may bemounted by welding or by fasteners. Those intended to beattached by fasteners shall indicate the requirements form

31、ounting holes in the strap. The mounting hole shall becounterbored on the structure side of the strap.5.2.3 The pipe core inserts for Type ZEP anodes shallconform to 5.1.3. The position of the pipe core insert shall notvary more than 618 in. (3 mm) from the center as shown onFig. 1.5.2.4 The positio

32、n of the pipe core insert for Type ZBPanodes specified in 5.1.3 shall not vary more than 614 in. (6mm) from the center as shown on Fig. 12.5.2.5 Metallic bonding or an interference fit of the core intoType ZDM anode (see Fig. 2) shall be required so that an axialforce applied from the stud end to re

33、move the core insert is aminimum of 750 lb (340 kg) (see 13.1.3).5.2.6 The machine formed core insert specified in 5.1.4shall be manufactured in accordance with details and toler-ances shown for Piece 2 on Fig. 1 and ANSI/ASME B1.20.1.5.2.6.1 The pieces shown on Fig. 1 shall screw together verysnugl

34、y by hand tightening or by using simple hand tools suchas pliers or pipe wrenches.NOTE 1Anode may be cast with strap in the up or down position. Alldimensions (inches) refer to the wider and longer edges of the anodes.NOTE 2Tolerance 618 in.NOTE 31 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 4Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg)

35、.FIG. 3 Zinc Hull Slab (Steel Straps), Type ZHS-23; Zinc Hull Slab(Brass Straps), Type ZHBNOTE 1Anode may be cast with strap in the up or down position. Alldimensions (inches) refer to the wider and longer edges of the anode.NOTE 2Tolerance 618 in.NOTE 31 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 4Minimum weight 41 lb (18

36、.6 kg).FIG. 4 Zinc Hull Slab (Steel Straps), Type ZHS-42F 1182 90 (2006)46. Chemical Composition6.1 The anodes shall conform to the composition specifiedin Table 1. Total of elemental constituents not specified inTable 1 shall not exceed 0.10 %. Metallic elements notspecified in Table 1 are consider

37、ed contaminants.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 When tested in accordance with 13.2, Types ZRN rodsand ZPN plates shall not fracture or show signs of cracking.7.2 When tested in accordance with 13.2.1, ZRN anodesshall have a minimum torsional shear strength of 12 000 psi(83 MPa).8. Other Requirements8.1

38、 When tested in accordance with 13.1.1 or 13.1.2, TypesZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZSS, ZTS, ZEP, and ZBPanodes shall obtaina sound metallurgical bond between the zinc and core for atleast 30 % of the total surface area of each core in contact withthe anode.8.2 During the manufacturing process, certain toxic com

39、-pounds (such as zinc phosphide) may become by-products.Caution should be taken in disposal of process wastewater toensure that the composition of the water meets with local, state,and federal regulations.9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations9.1 Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS, ZSS, ZEP, ZBP, ZDM

40、,and ZRN anodes shall be in accordance with the dimensionsshown in Figs. 1-11, inclusive.9.2 Type ZPN anode shall be 48 in. (1220 mm) in length by24 in. (610 cm) in width.9.2.1 The thickness shall be either12 or 1 in. (13 or 25 mm)as specified (see 4.1.10).9.3 Types ZSS-12, ZSS-24, ZHC-23, ZHC-42, Z

41、HS-23, andZHS-42 shall have the following minimum weight require-ments:Anode Weight, min, lb (kg)ZSS-12 11.0 (5)ZSS-24, ZHC-23, ZHS-23 21.5 (10)ZHC-42 39.0 (18)ZHS-42 41.0 (19)9.3.1 The total weight of the specified type of anodereceived divided by the total number of anodes of that typeshall be equ

42、al to or greater than the minimum weight (11.0,21.5, 39.0, 41.0 lb (5, 10, 18, 19 kg) of the anode typespecified. If the weight is less than the minimum weight for thetype of anode specified, it shall be cause for rejection of theentire lot.NOTE 1Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or down

43、position. All dimensions are in inches.NOTE 2Tolerance 618 in.NOTE 31 in. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 4Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg).FIG. 5 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-23NOTE 1Anode may be cast with exposed face in the up or downposition. All dimensions are in inches.NOTE 2Tolerance 618 in.NOTE 31 in

44、. = 25.4 mm.NOTE 4Minimum weight 21.5 lb (9.7 kg).FIG. 6 Zinc Hull Slab (Core Strap), Type ZHC-23, SubmarineApplicationF 1182 90 (2006)59.4 The length and width of Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS,ZPN, ZSS, and ZBP anodes shall not vary more than 618 in.(3 mm), measured at the widest surface of the tapered

45、(formold release) anode.9.5 The length of Type ZRN anodes will be permitted tohave a variation of 61 in. (25 mm) based on nominal lengthsof 3 and 6 ft (914 and 1829 mm).9.6 The diameter or width, whichever is the larger, of TypeZEP anodes shall not vary from the specified dimension bymore than 618 i

46、n. (3 mm).9.7 The diameter of Type ZDM anodes shall not vary morethan +0.025 in. (1 mm) or 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) from thespecified diameter.9.8 The diameter of the ZRN anode shall not vary more than6132 in. (1 mm) from the specified diameter.9.9 The thickness of Types ZHS, ZHB, ZHC, ZTS, ZPN,ZSS, ZEP,

47、 and ZBP anodes shall not vary more than 618 in.(3 mm). Thickness measurements shall be taken at random 1in. (25 mm) from any edge of the anode by means of a suitablecaliper avoiding any surface irregularities which would inter-fere with a representative measurement.9.10 The thickness of Type ZDN an

48、odes shall not vary morethan 6164 in. (0.4 mm).9.10.1 The cores of Type ZDM anodes shall be positionedaxially and concentrically in the zinc disc. Eccentricity greaterthan 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) will not be permitted.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 The zinc anodes shall be free of flash bur

49、rs, cracks,blow holes, pipes, and surface slag consistent with goodcommercial practice.10.1.1 For anodes less than 2 in. (50 mm) thick, whenmeasured with a straightedge placed diagonally across theopposite edges of the cast anode, the anode shall be free ofshrinkage cavities exceeding14 in. (6 mm) in depth.Anodes 2in. (50 mm) thick or more shall be free of shrinkage cavitiesexceeding38 in. (10 mm) in depth.10.1.1.1 For Type ZPN anodes, shrinkage cavities shall bemeasured over a 12- by 12-in. (305- by 305-mm) area and sh