ASTM F1004-2018 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures.pdf

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1、Designation: F1004 18Standard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and expandable

3、 enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren in V-shape

4、s at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer safety specif

5、ication is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requiremen

6、ts.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimumsafety performance requ

7、irements, test methods, and require-ments for labeling and instructional material to minimizehazards to young children resulting from the normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse and abuse of expansion gatesand expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandableenclosures,

8、or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young childrenaged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined inSection 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confused withother

9、types of gates or enclosures that may be specificallydesigned for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, orany other such use.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined inSection 3, that is, produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification either by labe

10、l or other means,shall indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all the requirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclo-sures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to inthis consumer safety specification as “gates” and “enc

11、losures”unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains only to the test m

12、ethods portion,Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-tices and determine the applicabi

13、lity of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15

14、 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved May 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F1004 16b. DOI:10.1520/F1004-18.Copyright

15、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International S

16、tandards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AS

17、TM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for ChildSafety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3

18、Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, In-cluding Parts:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Useby

19、Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight-Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years

20、ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts2.4 ANSI Standards:5ANSI Z535.1 American National Standard for Safety ColorsANSI Z535.4 American National Standard for ProductSafety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1

21、.1 automatic closing system, na feature (or mecha-nism) the manufacturer claims, markets, or intends to close anegress panel automatically without the intervention of the user.3.1.2 completely-bounded opening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is enclosed totally by bound-aries on

22、all sides.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when thegate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recom-mended use position, to a person standing near the gate/expandable enclosure at any one position around the gate/expandable enclosure, but not necessarily visible from allpositions.3

23、.1.4 double-action release mechanism, na releasemechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first ofwhich must be maintained while the second is carried out, ortwo separate and independent single action release mechanismsthat must be activated simultaneously to unlock the gate/enclosure.

24、3.1.5 egress panel, npanel(s) within a gate or enclosuredesigned to swing, retract, or fold open to allow passage.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPressure mounted gates that require thepressure to be released in order to allow passage, are notconsidered to contain an egress panel.3.1.6 expandable enclosures, nsel

25、f-supporting barrier in-tended to completely surround an area or play-space withinwhich a young child (see 1.2) may be confined.3.1.6.1 DiscussionEnclosures may be marketed for indooror outdoor use, or both. Expandable enclosures do not includean attached floor.3.1.7 expansion gate, nbarrier intende

26、d to be erected in anopening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (see 1.2), but which can be removed by older personswho are able to operate the locking mechanism.3.1.7.1 DiscussionSuch gates are available in a number ofdifferent styles of construction and are manufactured fr

27、om avariety of different materials.3.1.8 extension panel(s), nany panel recommended by themanufacturer for extending the length or height of the productincluding panels sold with the gate/enclosure and those soldseparately.3.1.9 hold open mechanism, na feature sometimes in-cluded with automatic clos

28、ing gates where the gate will stay ina fully open position and not automatically close the egresspanel.3.1.10 manufacturers recommended use position(s)anyposition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descrip-tive or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, oracceptable configuration

29、for the use of the product.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThis specifically excludes positionswhich the manufacturer shows in its literature to beunacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.11 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as plasticor metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools orte

30、ars leaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.12 paper label, nany label material, which tears with-out the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 partially-bounded opening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is not enclosed totally byboundaries on all sides.3.1.13.1 DiscussionFor e

31、xample, a V-shape in the top ofan accordion slat-style product or a rectangular notch resultingfrom a gap between a wall surface and the main structure of ababy gate would be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.14 pressure mounted gate, nany gate which relies onpressure as the mechanism by wh

32、ich the gate stays in itsmanufacturers recommended use position.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi

33、te.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent ofDocuments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

34、, 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F1004 1823.1.15 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor whichmay be covered with18-in. (3-m

35、m) thick vinyl floor cover,unless the test instructs differently.4.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be completelyassembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with themanufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall

36、 be preconditioned in aroom with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) forat least 1 h prior to testing. Testing then shall be conductedwithin this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit. The gate/expandable enclosure withand witho

37、ut any and all extension panels installed in any of themanufacturers recommended use positions must comply withthe standard.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters. Slats are not permittedto contain any lateral/transverse j

38、oints, such as finger-joints, orany other means of joining pieces of lumber end-to-end.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the assembly of anycomponents or locking or attaching device (or devices) that areintended to be removed by the consumer during daily opera-tions.5.3 There shall be no hazardous sha

39、rp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing to this consumer safety specification.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend ent

40、irely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in

41、. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1).The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended positions.5.5.1 Openings through multiple wall sections and openingscreated by multiple wall sections must meet

42、the size require-ments in 5.5 if the total thickness of the combined wall sectionsand any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in.(9.53 mm).5.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, whichis accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating aspace between coils of 0.21

43、0 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.8 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enclosure when in the manufacturers recom-mended use position(s) shall be designed and constru

44、cted toprevent injury to the child from any scissoring, shearing, orpinching when members or components rotate about a commonaxis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise moverelative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching thatmay cause injury shall not be permissible when the

45、 edges ofany rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm)and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessiblepoint through the range of motion of such parts.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or nonpaper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.12.1 7.1

46、2.3.5.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.12.4.5.8.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.12.5.5.9 The paint an

47、d surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.5.10 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protectivecomponents, such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protectionfrom sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes,between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, or if there is

48、at leasta 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component and itsadjacent parent component, such components shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.7.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The following performance requirements apply to gatesand enclosures when they are erected or installed in an

49、y of themanufacturers recommended use positions.6.1.1 Completely-Bounded OpeningsOpenings within thegate or enclosure, and completely bounded openings betweenthe gate and the test fixture, shall not permit the completepassage of the Small Torso Probe (see Fig. 2) when tested inaccordance with 7.10.6.1.2 Height of SidesThe vertical distance from the floorto the lowest point of the uppermost surface shall not be lessthan 22 in. (560 mm) when measured from the floor.6.1.3 Vertical StrengthUppermost top rails, edges, orframing compo