ASTM F1004-2016a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures《伸缩门和可伸缩外壳的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1004 16aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and expandabl

3、e enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren in V-shap

4、es at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer safety speci

5、fication is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requireme

6、nts.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimumsafety performance req

7、uirements, test methods, and require-ments for labeling and instructional material to minimizehazards to young children resulting from the normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse and abuse of expansion gatesand expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandableenclosures,

8、 or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young childrenaged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined inSection 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confused withother

9、 types of gates or enclosures that may be specificallydesigned for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, orany other such use.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined inSection 3, that is, produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification either by lab

10、el or other means,shall indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all the requirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclo-sures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to inthis consumer safety specification as “gates” and “en

11、closures”unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains only to the test

12、methods portion,Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consu

13、mer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F1004 16. DOI:10.1520/F1004-16A.Copyright ASTM In

14、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhes

15、ion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for ChildSafety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3 Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Cont

16、aining Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, In-cluding Parts:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Useby Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 T

17、echnical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight-Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Inges

18、tionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 automatic closing system, na feature (or mecha-nism) which the manufacturer claims, markets, or intends toclose, or combinations thereof, an egress panel automaticallywithout the intervention of

19、the user.3.1.2 completely-bounded opening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is enclosed totally by bound-aries on all sides.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when thegate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recom-mended use position, to a person standing near th

20、e gate/expandable enclosure at any one position around the gate/expandable enclosure, but not necessarily visible from allpositions.3.1.4 double-action release mechanism, na releasemechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first ofwhich must be maintained while the second is carried ou

21、t, ortwo separate and independent single action release mechanismsthat must be activated simultaneously to unlock the gate/enclosure.3.1.5 egress panel, npanel(s) within a gate or enclosuredesigned to swing, retract, or fold open to allow passage.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPressure mounted gates that require

22、 thepressure to be released in order to allow passage, are notconsidered to contain an egress panel.3.1.6 expandable enclosures, nself-supporting barrier in-tended to completely surround an area or play-space withinwhich a young child (see 1.2) may be confined.3.1.6.1 DiscussionEnclosures may be mar

23、keted for indooror outdoor use, or both. Expandable enclosures do not includean attached floor.3.1.7 expansion gate, nbarrier intended to be erected in anopening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (see 1.2), but which can be removed by older personswho are able to operate th

24、e locking mechanism.3.1.7.1 DiscussionSuch gates are available in a number ofdifferent styles of construction and are manufactured from avariety of different materials.3.1.8 extension panel(s), nany panel recommended by themanufacturer for extending the length or height of the productincluding panel

25、s sold with the gate/enclosure and those soldseparately.3.1.9 hold open mechanism, na feature sometimes in-cluded with automatic closing gates where the gate will stay ina fully open position and not automatically close the egresspanel.3.1.10 manufacturers recommended use position(s)anyposition that

26、 is presented by the manufacturer in any descrip-tive or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, oracceptable configuration for the use of the product.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThis specifically excludes positionswhich the manufacturer shows in its literature to beunacceptable, unsafe, or not reco

27、mmended.3.1.11 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as plasticor metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.12 paper label, nany label material, which tears with-out the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 partially-bounded op

28、ening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is not enclosed totally byboundaries on all sides.3.1.13.1 DiscussionFor example, a V-shape in the top ofan accordion slat-style product or a rectangular notch resultingfrom a gap between a wall surface and the main structure of ababy gate w

29、ould be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.14 pressure mounted gate, nany gate which relies onpressure as the mechanism by which the gate stays in itsmanufacturers recommended use position.3.1.15 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4.

30、Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor whichmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor cover,unless the test instructs differently.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas

31、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent

32、ofDocuments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.F1004 16a24.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be completelyassembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with themanufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be teste

33、d shall be preconditioned in aroom with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) forat least 1 h prior to testing. Testing then shall be conductedwithin this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit. The gate/expandable enclosure withan

34、d without any and all extension panels installed in any of themanufacturers recommended use positions must comply withthe standard.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters. Slats are not permittedto contain any lateral/trans

35、verse joints, such as finger-joints, orany other means of joining pieces of lumber end-to-end.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the assembly of anycomponents or locking or attaching device (or devices) that areintended to be removed by the consumer during daily opera-tions.5.3 There shall be no hazard

36、ous sharp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing to this consumer safety specification.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that ext

37、end entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0

38、.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended positions.5.5.1 Openings through multiple wall sections and openingscreated by multiple wall sections mu

39、st meet the size require-ments in 5.5 if the total thickness of the combined wall sectionsand any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in.(9.53 mm).5.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, whichis accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating aspace between coils

40、 of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.2 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enclosure when in the manufacturers recom-mended use position(s) shall be designed and

41、 constructed toprevent injury to the child from any scissoring, shearing, orpinching when members or components rotate about a commonaxis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise moverelative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching thatmay cause injury shall not be permissible

42、when the edges ofany rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm)and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessiblepoint through the range of motion of such parts.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or nonpaper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.

43、7.1 7.7.3.5.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.7.4.5.8.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.7.5.5.9 Push-Out

44、 Test:5.9.1 All gates shall be tested in accordance with 7.8.Ateach test location, the average push-out force shall be aminimum of 10 lbf (45 N).5.9.2 Gates that are marketed as being usable at the top ofstairs shall be tested in accordance with 7.8. At each testlocation, the average push-out force

45、shall exceed 30 lbf(133 N). In addition, each individual force shall exceed 20 lbf(89 N). Gates that do not meet the test requirements in thissection shall bear the warning in 8.5.5 that they shall not beused at the top of stairs.5.10 The paint and surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16

46、CFR 1303.5.11 Locking DeviceEvery device provided to prevent theunlocking or unlatching of a product from the manufacturersrecommended use position(s) shall meet either 5.11.1 or 5.11.2.5.11.1 Each single-action locking or latching device shallrequire a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the

47、 releasemechanism when tested in accordance with 7.11.5.11.2 The locking or latching device shall be a double-action release mechanism. There are no force requirements fordouble-action locking or latching devices.5.12 Toys:5.12.1 Toy accessories shall not be attached to, or sold with,a gate.5.12.2 T

48、oy accessories attached to, removable from, or soldwith an enclosure, as well as their means of attachment, shallmeet applicable requirements of Specification F963.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The following performance requirements apply to gatesand enclosures when they are erected or installed in

49、 any of themanufacturers recommended use positions.6.1.1 Completely-Bounded OpeningsOpenings within thegate or enclosure, and completely bounded openings betweenthe gate and the test fixture, shall not permit the completepassage of the Small Torso Probe A (see Fig. 2) when tested inaccordance with 7.4.6.1.2 Height of SidesThe vertical distance from the floorto the lowest point of the uppermost surface shall not be lessthan 22 in. (560 mm) when measured from the floor.6.1.3 Vertical StrengthUppermost top rails, edges, orframing c