ASTM E837-2013 red 0758 Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method.pdf
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1、Designation: E837 082E837 13Standard Test Method forDetermining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEq 27 was editorially corrected in July 2009.2 NOTEEq 21 was editorially corrected in March 2013.INTRODUCTIONThe ho
3、le-drilling strain-gage method determines residual stresses near the surface of an isotropiclinear-elastic material. It involves attaching a strain rosette to the surface, drilling a hole at thegeometric center of the rosette, and measuring the resulting relieved strains. The residual stresseswithin
4、 the removed material are then determined from the measured strains using a series of equations.1. Scope1.1 Residual Stress Determination:1.1.1 This test method specifies a hole-drilling procedure for determining residual stress profiles near the surface of an isotropiclinearly elastic material. The
5、 test method is applicable to residual stress profile determinations where in-plane stress gradients aresmall. The stresses may remain approximately constant with depth (“uniform” stresses) or they may vary significantly with depth(“non-uniform” stresses). The measured workpiece may be “thin” with t
6、hickness much less than the diameter of the drilled holeor “thick” with thickness much greater than the diameter of the drilled hole. Only uniform stress measurements are specified forthin workpieces, while both uniform and non-uniform stress measurements are specified for thick workpieces.1.2 Stres
7、s Measurement Range:1.2.1 The hole-drilling method can identify in-plane residual stresses near the measured surface of the workpiece material. Themethod gives localized measurements that indicate the residual stresses within the boundaries of the drilled hole.1.2.2 This test method applies in cases
8、 where material behavior is linear-elastic. In theory, it is possible for local yielding tooccur due to the stress concentration around the drilled hole, for isotropic (equi-biaxial) residual stresses exceeding 50 % of theyield stress, or for shear stresses in any direction exceeding 25 % of the yie
9、ld stress. However, in practice it is found thatsatisfactory results can be achieved providing the residual stresses do not exceed about 60 % of the material yield stress.hole.Satisfactory measurement results can be achieved providing the residual stresses do not exceed about 80 % of the material yi
10、eldstress for hole drilling in a “thick” material and about 50% of the material yield stress in a “thin” material.1.3 Workpiece Damage:1.3.1 The hole-drilling method is often described as “semi-destructive” because the damage that it causes is localized and oftendoes not significantly affect the use
11、fulness of the workpiece. In contrast, most other mechanical methods for measuring residualstresses substantially destroy the workpiece. Since hole drilling does cause some damage, this test method should be applied onlyin those cases either where the workpiece is expendable, or where the introducti
12、on of a small shallow hole will not significantlyaffect the usefulness of the workpiece.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
13、 and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.13 on Residual StressMeasurement.Current edition approved July 23, 2009April 1, 2013. P
14、ublished April 2008October 2013. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2001 asE837 01E837 081 . DOI: 10.1520/E0837-08E01.10.1520/E0837-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have bee
15、n made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document
16、.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gauges3. Terminology3.1 Symbols:a = calibration constan
17、t for isotropic stressesb = calibration constant for shear stressesajk = calibration matrix for isotropic stressesbjk = calibration matrix for shear stressesD = diameter of the gage circle, see Table 1.D0 = diameter of the drilled holeE = Youngs modulusj = number of hole depth steps so fark = sequen
18、ce number for hole depth stepsP = uniform isotropic (equi-biaxial) stressPk = isotropic stress within hole depth step kp = uniform isotropic (equi-biaxial) strainpk = isotropic strain after hole depth step kQ = uniform 45 shear stressQk = 45 shear stress within hole depth step kq = uniform 45 shear
19、strainqk = 45 shear strain after hole depth step kT = uniform x-y shear stressTk = x-y shear stress within hole depth step kt = x-y shear straintk = x-y shear strain after hole depth step kT = (superscript) matrix transposeP = regularization factor for P stressesQ = regularization factor for Q stres
20、sesT = regularization factor for T stresses = clockwise angle from the x-axis (gage 1) to the maximum principal stress direction = relieved strain for “uniform” stress casej = relieved strain measured after j hole depth steps have been drilled = Poissons ratio = angle of strain gage from the x-axism
21、ax = maximum (more tensile) principal stressmin = minimum (more compressive) principal stressx = uniform normal x-stress(x)k = normal x-stress within hole depth step ky = uniform normal y-stress(y)k = normal y-stress within hole depth step kxy = uniform shear xy-stress(xy)k = shear xy-stress within
22、hole depth step k4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Workpiece:4.1.1 A flat uniform surface area away from edges and other irregularities is chosen as the test location within the workpieceof interest. Fig. 1 schematically shows the residual stresses acting at the test location at which a hole is to be dri
23、lled. These stressesare assumed to be uniform within the in-plane directions x and y.NOTE 1For reasons of pictorial clarity in Fig. 1, the residual stresses are shown as uniformly acting over the entire in-plane region around the testlocation. In actuality, it is not necessary for the residual stres
24、ses to be uniform over such a large region. The surface strains that will be relieved by drillinga hole depend only on the stresses that originally existed at the boundaries of the hole. The stresses beyond the hole boundary do not affect the relievedstrains, even though the strains are measured bey
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