ASTM E2557-2007 Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments《地震尽职评估用最大可能损失(PML)评估的标准实施规程》.pdf
《ASTM E2557-2007 Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments《地震尽职评估用最大可能损失(PML)评估的标准实施规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E2557-2007 Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments《地震尽职评估用最大可能损失(PML)评估的标准实施规程》.pdf(5页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 2557 07Standard Practice forProbable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for EarthquakeDue-Diligence Assessments1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes standard-of-care for evaluationand classification of the financial risks fro
3、m earthquake dam-age to real estate improvements for use in financial transac-tions. As such, this practice permits a user to satisfy, in part,their real estate transaction due-diligence requirements withrespect to assessing and characterizing a propertys potentiallosses from earthquakes. This pract
4、ice is intended to addressonly physical damage to the property from site and buildingresponse.1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this practice include earthquakeground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, includingfaulting, subsidence, settlement landslides and soil liquefac-tion, earthquake-caused
5、tsunamis and seiches, and earthquake-caused flooding from dam or dike failures.1.1.2 Earthquake-caused fires and toxic materials releasesare not hazards considered in this practice.1.1.3 This practice does not purport to provide for thepreservation of life safety, or prevention of building damageass
6、ociated with its use, or both.1.1.3.1 This practice does not address requirements of anyfederal, state, or local laws and regulations of building con-struction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that currentfederal, state, and local laws and regulations may differ fromthose in effect at the times o
7、f construction or modification ofthe building(s), or both.1.1.3.2 This practice does not address the contractual andlegal obligations between prior and subsequent Users of PMLreports or between providers who prepared the report and thosewho would like to use such prior reports.1.1.3.3 This practice
8、does not address the contractual andlegal obligations between a provider and a user, and otherparties, if any.1.1.4 It is the responsibility of the owner of the building(s)to establish appropriate life-safety and damage preventionpractices and determine the applicability of current regulatorylimitat
9、ions prior to use.1.2 Considerations not included in the scope: the impacts ofdamage to building contents, loss of income(s), rents, or othereconomic benefits of use of the property, or from legaljudgments, fire sprinkler water-induced damage or fire.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
10、be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 2026 Guide for the Estimation of Building Damageabilityin Earthquakes2.2 Other Standards:
11、4UBC-97 Unifrom Building Code, 1997 EditionInternational Building Code 2006 Edition2.3 ASCE Standards:5ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and OtherStructuresASCE 31 Seismic Evaluation of Existing BuildingsASCE 41 Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings3. Terminology3.1 See also definitio
12、ns in Guide E 2026.3.2 DBE, nDesign Basis Earthquake, as defined in GuideE 2026.3.3 lateral load-resisting system, nLateral Load ResistingSystem, as defined in Guide E 2026.3.4 MCE, nMaximum Capable Earthquake as defined inGuide E 2026.3.5 PML, nTerm historically used to characterize buildingdamagea
13、bility in earthquakes.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 onWhole Buildings and Facilities.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published May 2007.2Portions of this publication reproduce
14、content from the 1997 Uniform BuildingCode, International Code Council, Inc. Falls Church, Virginia. Reproduced withpermission. All rights reserved.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
15、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.5Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE),
16、1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.5.1 DiscussionProbable maximum loss, shall be definedby the user from SL or PL values using definitions of GuideE 2026. Fo
17、r SL-based measures include in the report thespecified earthquake or ground motion for which it is to beevaluated and stipulate whether it is an expected value (SEL)or upper value (SUL). For PL-based measures, the returnperiod for non-exceedance shall be specified, or the probabilityof exceedance in
18、 a given time period provided.3.6 probable loss (PL), nProbable Loss as defined inGuide E 2026.3.6.1 DiscussionWhen there are multiple buildings in theseismic risk assessment, then the damageability values for thegroup of buildings is to be determined as specified in GuideE 2026.3.7 provider, norgan
19、ization and individual that completesthe seismic risk assessment.3.8 scenario loss (SL), nAs defined in Guide E 2026.3.8.1 DiscussionWhen multiple buildings are in the seis-mic risk assessment, then the SL for the group of building is tobe determined as specified in Guide E 2026.3.9 SEL, nAs defined
20、 in Guide E 2026.3.9.1 DiscussionWhen there are multiple buildings in theassessment then the SEL for the group of buildings is to bedetermined as specified in Guide E 2026.3.10 SELDBE, nThe scenario expected loss due to theoccurrence of DBE site ground motions.3.11 SELMCE, nThe scenario expected los
21、s due to theoccurrence of MCE site ground motions.3.12 significant damage, nDamage costs that exceeds fivepercent of the replacement cost of construction for the buildingcaused by site failure from soil liquefaction, landsliding, orother earthquake-induced site response other than shaking.Damage cos
22、t for this purpose includes the cost of the sitetopography away from the building.3.12.1 DiscussionConditions resulting from lack of rou-tine maintenance, miscellaneous repairs, operating mainte-nance, and so forth are not considered a deficiency. Thedamage is not significant if it does not affect t
23、he structuralelements of the building because the movement is not substan-tial or the foundation is resistant to settlement-induced damage.Damage limited to underground utilities or slabs on grade isnot significant.3.13 SUL, nAs defined in Guide E 2026.3.13.1 DiscussionWhen there are multiple buildi
24、ngs inthe assessment then the SUL for the group of buildings is to bedetermined as specified in Guide E 2026.3.14 SULDBE, nThe scenario upper loss due to the occur-rence of DBE site ground motions.3.15 SULMCE, nThe scenario upper loss due to the occur-rence of MCE site ground motions.3.16 third part
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