ASTM E2012-2006(2012) Standard Guide for the Preparation of a Binary Chemical Compatibility Chart《二进制化学兼容图表制备的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: E2012 06 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forthe Preparation of a Binary Chemical Compatibility Chart1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this standard is to provide expert guidance to those interested in the task ofcompiling chemical comp

3、atibility (inter-reactivity) charts for the purposes of process safety andreactive chemicals hazard evaluation. This standard does not provide specific answers regarding theinter-reactivity of specific materials. However, it does provide a detailed framework for developingcharts based on the current

4、 best practices of the chemical industry and it directs the user to sourcesof reactivity information. It is the E27 Committees belief that inter-reactivity charts will beincreasingly used in industry for day-to-day operations, process hazard reviews, employee education,and emergency response. It is

5、our hope that this standard guide can be useful in that effort.1. Scope1.1 A binary chemical compatibility chart also called inter-reactivity chart, documents the hazards associated with themixing of pairs of materials. This guide provides an aid for thepreparation these charts. It reviews a number

6、of issues that arecritical in the preparation of such charts: accurate assessmentof chemical compatibility, suitable experimental techniques forgathering compatibility information, incorporation of user-friendliness, and provision for revisions.1.2 The uses of chemical compatibility charts are summa

7、-rized in this standard.1.3 This guide also reviews existing public domain compat-ibility charts, the differences therein, and their advantages anddisadvantages.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced D

8、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2E537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicalsby Differential Scanning CalorimetryE698 Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants forThermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scan-ning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa MethodE1231 Practice for Calculati

9、on of Hazard Potential Figures-of-Merit for Thermally Unstable MaterialsPS168 Proposed Guide for Estimating the Incompatibility ofSelected Hazardous Wastes Based on Binary ChemicalReactions32.2 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 491 Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 compatibi

10、lity, adjthe ability of materials to exist incontact without specified (usually hazardous) consequencesunder a defined scenario.3.1.2 scenario, na detailed physical description of theprocess whereby a potential inadvertent combination of mate-rials may occur.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Abinary chemical c

11、ompatibility chart indicates whether,under a given set of conditions (the scenario) the combinationof two materials does or does not yield a specified undesiredconsequence.4.2 Asummary of the guide follows. Determine the scenariofor the determination of compatibility and the degree of1This guide is

12、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on HazardPotential of Chemicals, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.02 onThermal Stability and Condensed Phases.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in

13、 2006 as E2012 06. DOI:10.1520/E2012-06R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. This c

14、hart was subsequently adopted by the U.S. EPAand is widelyavailable by way of the Internet.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P

15、A 19428-2959. United States1reaction that constitutes incompatibility. Both should be iden-tified in the documentation for the chart. Define the materialswithin the scope of the chart. Define the test, calculation orjudgment that is used to make a decision. List the materials asboth columns and rows

16、 of a grid. At the intersections of thegrid note whether the materials are compatible. To avoidduplicate entries, a triangular chart is required. If a decision oncompatibility was not by the standard means (as defined by theuser) or the scenario differs, indicate by footnote the basis forthe decisio

17、n or the change in scenario. The chart should bedated and the author identified. See Fig. 1 for an example of abinary compatibility chart.5. Significance and Use5.1 Various United States governmental regulations forbidincompatible materials to be transported together and requirethat chemical reactiv

18、ity be considered in process hazard andrisk analysis. A chemical compatibility chart is one tool to beused to satisfy these regulations. Binary compatibility chartsare useful teaching tools in general education, in the chemicalplant or laboratory, and for areas and operations where com-monly perform

19、ed tasks might lead to chemical mixtures suchas might occur during co-shipment in compartmentalizedcontainers, storage in a common area or compositing waste.NOTE 1Footnotes/Information Sources:(1) Unlikely to be compatibleUSCG chart NVC-475 indicates a hazardwith non-oxidizing acids plus sulfuric ac

20、id.(2) Unlikely to be compatiblethe Proposed Guide PS168 chart indicatesthat gas and heat are formed; USCG chart NV 475 indicates a hazardwhen combining sulfuric and organic acids.(3) The Proposed Guide PS168 chart indicates that heat is formed; USCGchart NV 475 only indicates a hazard with furfuryl

21、 alcohol plusnon-oxidizing mineral acids; testing should be conducted on this combi-nation.(4) Unlikely to be compatible see Proposed Guide PS168 chart.(5) Lab experiment 980001 resulted in a XXXC adiabatic temperaturerise.(6) Lab experiment 980002 resulted in a XXXC adiabatic temperaturerise.(7) Or

22、ganic acids and amines are generally incompatible.(8) The Proposed Guide PS168 and USCG charts indicate no hazard; mostlikely compatible, but lab testing should be performed.(9) Heat of mixing may be a concern in some circumstances. Themaximum adiabatic temperature rise is XXC (see XYZ Encyclopedia

23、ofChemical Technology).(10) Heat of mixing may be a concern in some circumstances. Themaximum adiabatic temperature rise is XXC (see XYZ Encyclopedia ofChemical Technology).(11) Lab experiment 98005 showed that mixing acetic acid and water isendothermic at room temperature.(12) Lab experiments 98003

24、 and 98008 indicate that the materials do notgenerate heat or gases when mixed nor when heated to 100C. Althoughthe USCG chart NVC 475 indicates that some alcohols and amines areincompatible, ethylene diamine has been found to be compatible withmany alcohols; see Appendix of USCG Guide.(13) Plant ex

25、perience has shown that these materials do not generate heator gases when mixed. In addition, no condition is known that would causethe materials to be combined at elevated temperature.FIG. 1 Hypothetical Compatibility ChartE2012 06 (2012)2Compatibility information is essential during process hazard

26、reviews (for example, HAZOP). These charts may provideguidance to terminal operators on DOT HM-183 that requiresthat materials on adjacent compartments of multicompartmenttank trucks are compatible. They provide documentation thatthe potential for inadvertent mixing as a potential source ofheat and

27、gas evolution from chemical reactions has beenconsidered in sizing relief devices. Compatibility charts serveas check lists for use during process hazard reviews, and thepreparation of the chart itself often brings attention to potentialhazards that were previously unknown.5.2 A binary chart only co

28、nsiders pairs of materials andtherefore does not cover all possible combinations of materialsin an operation. A common third component, for example,acidic or basic catalysts, may be covered by footnoting thepotential for catalysis of a reaction between otherwise compat-ible materials, but the form o

29、f the chart does not ensure this.There may be reactive ternary systems that will escapedetection in a binary chart.5.3 The AIChE organization Center for Chemical ProcessSafety (CCPS) has recommended the use of this standard inone of their recent monographs (1)5. This work is currentlyavailable for f

30、ree download from: http:/www.osha.gov/SLTC/reactivechemicals/index.html6. Procedure6.1 Define the ScenarioChemical compatibility dependsheavily on the mixing scenario (see Appendix X1). Considerincluding the following factors in the specification of themixing scenario, as they, and other factors, ma

31、y contribute tothe assignment of compatibility.6.1.1 Specific quantities of materials,6.1.2 Storage temperatures,6.1.3 Confinement (closed or open system),6.1.4 Atmosphere (air, nitrogen inerted), and6.1.5 The maximum time the materials may be in contact.6.2 Define Incompatibility Within the Scenari

32、oFrameworkAn effective chart should clearly convey thecriteria for defining two materials as incompatible. In a generalsense, chemical incompatibility implies that there may beundesirable consequences of mixing these materials at amacroscopic scale. These consequences might be, in a worstcase, a fas

33、t chemical reaction or an explosion, a release of toxicgas, or, in a less severe case, an undesirable temperature risethat might take the mixture above its flash point or cause anunacceptable pressure increase in the system. If, however, thetank where the mixing will occur is inerted with nitrogen,

34、andthe material has an acceptably low vapor pressure increase,then even this temperature rise might not pose a practicalproblem. Consequently, a working definition of incompatibilityneeds to be formulated before compatibility judgments can beeffectively and accurately made.6.2.1 Some examples of mix

35、ing scenarios and incompatibil-ity definitions include:6.2.1.1 Ambient temperature in summer, northern climate(approximately 25C); (5000 gal) scale; insulated, ventedstorage tank; storage time 7 days maximum, nitrogen paddedheadspace (chemical transport scenario). Materials consideredincompatible if

36、 temperature rise greater than 25C, or grassyreaction.6.2.1.2 Ambient temperature in a hotter, subtropical climate(approximately 40C), drum (55 gal) storage of mixed wastefor 3 months maximum. Materials considered incompatible ifthere could be a release from the drum.6.2.1.3 Room temperature, 4L (1

37、gal) bottles, looselycapped, 1 month maximum storage time (typical lab wastescenario). Materials considered icompatible if there is anevolution of flammable vapor, toxic gas, or a temperature risegreater than 10C.6.3 Compile Compatibility ChartThe following steps maybe followed for constructing the

38、compatibility chart (seeAppendix X2).6.3.1 State the ScenarioIn the preparation of a compat-ibility chart, consider stating both the scenario and thescenario-based definition of incompatibility explicitly on thechart.6.3.2 Decide on a Hazard Rating SchemeFormulate thereference scale for the individu

39、al degree of mixing hazard. Itmay be desirable to have a simple “yes/no” (that is,compatible/incompatible) scale. In some instances, ratings thatconvey more information may be advantageous. For example,a numerical score of 1, 2, and 3 might be appropriate with 1indicating a compatible mixture, 2 ind

40、icating a moderatehazard (for example, a temperature increase of 10C or less),and 3 indicating a severe hazard, such as polymerization orspontaneous combustion. Another example of a hazard ratingscheme is given in Table 1. Note that in the Table 1 example,the hazard rating scheme also conveys inform

41、ation aboutprocedures for emergency response, but this information neednot be included in the chart. The use of color (if available in thecharting tool) may also aid in understanding the chart. Forexample, green could indicate safe, compatible mixtures, redcould indicate reactive, incompatible mixtu

42、res. It is importantto avoid making the chart too complicated.6.3.3 Define the CategoriesDefining categories for thechart is an important part of chart construction. For smallplants and operations, each chemical may be included in thechart and the resulting chart may still be of manageable size.5The

43、 boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.TABLE 1 An Example of Hazard Levels and Typical AssociatedEmergency Response ActionsHazardRatingHazard Level Suggested Emergency Response0 Minimal Report inadvertent mixing event to supervision; nofurther act

44、ion necessary.1 Caution Report event to supervision; implement plan(s) tomanage the situation; no emergency proceduresto be initiated.2 Danger Report event to supervision; prepare to initiate unitemergency plan if needed; notify personnel inimmediate area; consider halting normal activitiesuntil ext

45、ent of situation is fully assessed.E2012 06 (2012)3For more general compatibility charts, for example, for a largemanufacturing site, the chart may group chemicals into naturalclassifications based on their chemical structure. Examples ofthese groupings are: mineral acids, aliphatic amines,monomers,

46、 water-based formulations, halogenatedhydrocarbons, and so forth. One limitation with this manner ofchart construction is that for a number of classes, certain binarycombinations might be known to be compatible whereas othercombinations within the same two groups may not be. It maybe best to provide

47、 the worst case compatibility rating in theactual chart with a separate list of compatible exceptions. Itmay be prudent to include additional useful compatibilityinformation, such as compatibility of chemicals with materialsof construction, water (from process streams or from rain indiked areas), cl

48、eaning agents, sealants, and adsorbents. “Heat”might be considered as an entry to flag particularly heatsensitive materials such as polymerizable monomers. Consul-tation with a wide variety of personnel (management,engineers, operators, and so forth) may aid in the determinationof what materials are

49、 present at a site and which ones should beincluded in the chart.6.3.4 Consider the Hazards for all Binary CombinationsThe potential hazard for each and every binary mixture needsto be carefully considered. Avoid using blanks (empty cells) incompatibility charts since blanks may indicate that there is nohazard, or, simply that the hazard is unknown. Clearly distin-guishing between a non-hazard and an unknown hazard is animportant consideration. See Appendix X2 for sources ofcompatibility information.6.3.5 Document How the Decisions Are MadeBackup and