ASTM D7390-2007(2012) 1834 Standard Guide for Evaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by Comparison Between Two Environments《通过两个环境比较对石棉表面灰尘评估的标准指南》.pdf
《ASTM D7390-2007(2012) 1834 Standard Guide for Evaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by Comparison Between Two Environments《通过两个环境比较对石棉表面灰尘评估的标准指南》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D7390-2007(2012) 1834 Standard Guide for Evaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by Comparison Between Two Environments《通过两个环境比较对石棉表面灰尘评估的标准指南》.pdf(15页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D7390 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forEvaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by ComparisonBetween Two Environments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7390; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 There are multiple purposes for determining the loadingof asbestos in dust on surfaces. Each pa
3、rticular purpose mayrequire unique sampling strategies, analytical methods, andprocedures for data interpretation. Procedures are provided tofacilitate application of available methods for determiningasbestos surface loadings and/or asbestos loadings in surfacedust for comparison between two environ
4、ments. At present,this guide addresses one application of the ASTM surface dustmethods. It is anticipated that additional areas will be added inthe future. It is not intended that the discussion of oneapplication should limit use of the methods in other areas.1.2 This standard does not purport to ad
5、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 5.7.2. Referenced
6、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5755 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and IndirectAnalysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopyfor Asbestos Structure Number Surface LoadingD5756 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and IndirectAnalysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopyfor Asbestos
7、 Mass Surface LoadingD6480 Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, IndirectPreparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure NumberSurface Loading by Transmission Electron MicroscopyD6620 Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based onCountsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Pr
8、actice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE2356 Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Sur-veys2.2 Other Document:Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. (EPA), (P
9、inkBook) Asbestos in Buildings: Simplified SamplingScheme for Surfacing Materials, EPA 560/5/85/030A,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,198533. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise noted all statistical termsare as defined in Terminology E456.3.1.1 activity generated aerosola
10、 dispersion of particles inair that have become airborne due to physical disturbancessuch as human activity, sweeping, airflow, etc.3.1.2 background samplessamples taken from surfacesthat are considered to have concentrations of asbestos insurface dust that are representative of conditions that exis
11、t in anenvironment that is affected by only prevailing conditions andhas not experienced events, disturbances or activities unusualfor the environment.3.1.3 controlan area that is used as the basis for acomparison. This could be an area where the dust has beenpreviously characterized, an area though
12、t to be suitable foroccupancy, an area that has not experienced a disturbance ofasbestos-containing materials, or that is for some other reasondeemed to be suitable as the basis for a comparison.3.1.4 control samplessamples collected for comparison tothe study samples. These differ from background s
13、amples inthat they are collected: either: in an area where the dust hasbeen previously characterized, or in an area that has notexperienced a disturbance of asbestos-containing materials, or1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Qualityand is the direct responsibility of
14、Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysisof Asbestos.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7390 07. DOI:10.1520/D7390-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
15、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, h
16、ttp:/www.epa.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1in an area that is for some other reason deemed to be suitableas the basis for comparison.3.1.5 dustany material composed of particles in a sizerange of 0,(CHIINV(/2,2(A
17、2+1)/2),(CHIINV(,2)/2),where the value in cell A2 is the observed count of structures.(b) To obtain the lower 1- confidence limit: =IF(A20,(CHIINV(1-/2,2A2)/2),0), where the value in cell A2 is theobserved count of structures. Table A1.1 provides an exampleof the formulae in an Excel spreadsheet nec
18、essary to calculatethe lower and upper 95 % confidence limits.(2) The confidence limits associated with the significancelevel is equal to 1-. As such, Table A1.2 gives the forvarious confidence limits.(3) The number of structures at the upper and lowerconfidence limit is multiplied by the sensitivit
19、y of the mea-surement to obtain the upper and lower 1- confidence limitsfor asbestos structure loading based on one sample.A1.2.4 Interpretation of Estimate and Confidence Limits:A1.2.4.1 The value computed in A1.2.1 is an estimate of themean (expected value of the Poisson distribution) of asbestoss
20、tructure loading for the homogeneous area where the samplewas collected. The values calculated in A1.2.2 are confidencelimits for the mean (expected value of the Poisson distribution)of asbestos structure loading for the homogeneous area wherethe sample was collected.A1.3 Asbestos Surface Loading Es
21、timated from MultipleSamples Collected by Test Method D5755:A1.3.1 The measurements for multiple samples, say nsamples, collected from a homogeneous area may be combinedto produce an estimate of asbestos surface loading for thehomogeneous area that is more precise than an estimate ofasbestos surface
22、 loading based on one sample. The individualmeasurements are averaged using a weighted average wherethe sensitivities of the individual samples determine theweights.A1.3.1.1 Given n measurements (Si, Xi, Wi):i=1,2,n, the structure loadings are Yi = SiXi; the mass loadingsare Yi = SiWi . (Here, the m
23、ass, Wi, is the total massmeasured for the ith sample.) The “weights” in the weightedaverage are the reciprocals of the sensitivities (1/Si). Theweighted average has a numerator and a denominator. Thenumerator is the sum of “weight multiplied times measure-ment” for all measurements. The denominator
24、 is the sum of theweights used in the numerator. Therefore, for structure loading,the weighted average is (Xi)/ (1/Si); for mass loading, theweighted average is (Wi)/ (1/Si). Note when sensitivity isa constant, Si = S, the answers are simple averages S(Xi/n) for structure loading; S(Wi/n) for mass l
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