ASTM D7156-2009 0000 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine.pdf

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1、Designation: D 7156 09Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance c

3、haracteristics ina diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation,including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.31.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure forrunning an abbreviated length test, which is commo

4、nly referredto as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical tothe T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed inAnnex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11procedure.1.2 The values stated in SI units are

5、 to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalentsuch as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubingsize, or where there is a sole source supply equipmentspecification.1.3 This standard does not pu

6、rport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety hazards.2.

7、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Prod

8、ucts by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculati

9、on of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Method for C

10、alculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test

11、Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used DieselEngine Oils by Gas Chromatography1This test method is under the jur

12、isdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published October 2009. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 715607a.2The AS

13、TM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all informationletters through 07-1. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Admin-istr

14、ator.3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patentrights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of thisstandard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights

15、, are entirely their ownresponsibility.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website1Copyright ASTM Interna

16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and

17、PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD 5185 Test Me

18、thod for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark

19、 Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD 6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diesel InjectorApparatusD 6896 Test Method for Determin

20、ation of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureD 7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diesel InjectorApparatusat 30 and 90 CyclesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Spec

21、ificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test fa

22、cility.D 41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products, and unburned air- and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E 3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil t

23、hat is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification.D 41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbo

24、ok53.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D 44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion en-gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously ator

25、 close to its peak output. D 44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as runnin

26、g on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D 41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-duce deleterious acidic

27、or resinous materials often manifestedas sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof. D 41753.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetest

28、ing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, tha

29、t does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment that is assembled according tothe requirements in the test method, and conducted accordingto the specified operating conditions.3.

30、1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests operational validity. These requirements are applied aftera test is completed and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and secondary parameters that arenar

31、rower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andsecondary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3)downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.D 41753.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry

32、, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 41753.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.15.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result ofmechanical

33、 or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical action. D 41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR). Two oil flushes, each for 30 min, are followed by a testat constant speed and to

34、rque conditions for 252 h.5Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1,Germany.D71560924.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and soot content.4.3 Engine rebuilds may be necessary as indicated bydegradation of test parameters and are left to the dis

35、cretion ofthe test laboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engineis disassembled, solvent-cleaned, and rebuilt, using all newpistons, rings, cylinder liners, valves, and valve guides, in strictaccordance with furnished specification.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn or

36、defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosityincrease and soot concentration (loading) performance ofengine oils in turboch

37、arged and intercooled four-cycle dieselengines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oilanalysis.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MA

38、C III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The boreand stroke are (124 by 165) mm, and the displacement

39、 is 12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engi

40、ne partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test EngineThe engine and cylinderheads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc.6A complete partslist is shown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on afirst-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling Syst

41、em:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, Annex A2, every test, to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. At the expansion tank, pressurize the system to103 kPa. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a non

42、ferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort t

43、o prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the coolant from the engine block fitting to theEGR coolers, see Fig. A1.3, Annex A1. Return the EGRcoolant flow to the engine coolant-in line, near the coolantpump inlet, see Fig. A1.7, Annex A1.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3

44、.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional minimum volume sump of 11.4 L by using aseparate closed tank connected to the engine sump. Circulateoil through the system with an auxiliary pump. The systemschematic is shown in Fig.A1.1,AnnexA1. The No. 6 and No.8 lines are to ha

45、ve inside diameters of 10 mm and 13 mm,respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line. Equivalentlines may be substituted forAeroquip7lines provided they havethe proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, so that the inside botto

46、m of theauxiliary oil system suction fitting is down from the oil pan railby 152 mm, and back from the front of the pan by 178 mm.Refer to Fig.A1.4,AnnexA1. Connect the auxiliary oil systemreturn line to the power steering pump cover on the fronttiming gear cover. Refer to Fig. A1.5, Annex A1. Conne

47、ct theauxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sumpbucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliaryoil pumps (see A2.10). Nominal pump speed is 1725 r/min.Shut off the auxiliary oil pumps if the auxiliary oil system goesdry.6.2.3.4 Use

48、 a sight glass to aid in determining the oil levelshould the auxiliary oil system run dry. An example of a sightglass setup is shown in Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from

49、thesupplier list in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowbycondensate from draining back into the engine, ensure theblowby line has a downward slope to a collection bucket.Ensure the collection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L.Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collection bucket.The slope of the blowby line downstream of the collectionbucket is unspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and Filtratio