ASTM D6706-2001(2013) 7500 Standard Test Method for Measuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil《测量土壤中土工合成材料拉拔力的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D6706-2001(2013) 7500 Standard Test Method for Measuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil《测量土壤中土工合成材料拉拔力的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D6706-2001(2013) 7500 Standard Test Method for Measuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil《测量土壤中土工合成材料拉拔力的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D6706 01 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6706; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Resistance of a geosynthetic to pullout from soil isdetermined using a laboratory pullout box.1.2 The test method is
3、intended to be a performance testconducted as closely as possible to replicate design or as-builtconditions. It can also be used to compare differentgeosynthetics, soil types, etc., and thereby be used as a researchand development test procedure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded a
4、sstandard. The values stated in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, andequipment. This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
5、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Te
6、st of Soils UnderConsolidated Drained ConditionsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 apertures, nthe open spaces in geogrids whichena
7、ble soil interlocking to occur.3.1.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, nair main-tained at a relative humidity of 60 6 10 % and a temperatureof 21 6 2C (70 6 4F).3.1.3 cross-machine direction, nthe direction in the planeof the geosynthetic perpendicular to the direction of manufac-ture.3.1.4 fai
8、lure, na defined point at which a material ceasesto be functionally capable of its intended use.3.1.5 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project, structu
9、re, or system. (D4439)3.1.6 junction, nthe point where geogrid ribs are intercon-nected in order to provide structure and dimensional stability.3.1.7 machine direction, nthe direction in the plane of thegeosynthetic parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.1.8 pullout, nthe movement of a geosynthe
10、tic over itsentire embedded length, with initial pullout occurring when theback of the specimen moves, and ultimate pullout occurringwhen the movement is uniform over the entire embeddedlength.3.1.9 pullout force, (kN),nforce required to pull a geo-synthetic out of the soil during a pullout test.3.1
11、.10 pullout resistance, (kN/m),nthe pullout force perwidth of geosynthetic measured at a specified condition ofdisplacement.3.1.11 rib, nthe continuous elements of a geogrid whichare either in the machine or cross-machine direction asmanufactured.3.1.12 ultimate pullout resistance, (kN/m),nthe maxi-
12、mum pullout resistance measured during a pullout test.3.1.13 wire gage, na displacement gage consisting of anon extensible wire attached to the geosynthetic and monitoredby connection to a dial extensometer, or electronic displace-ment transducer.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test
13、methodrefer to Terminology D123, D653, and D4439.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 20
14、01. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D670601(2007).DOI: 10.1520/D6706-01R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 In this method, a geosynthetic is embedded between twolayers of soil, horizontal force is applied to the geosyntheticand the force re
16、quired to pull the geosynthetic out of the soil isrecorded.4.2 Pullout resistance is obtained by dividing the maximumload by the test specimen width.4.3 The test is performed while subjected to normal com-pressive stresses which are applied to the top soil layer.4.4 A plot of maximum pullout resista
17、nce versus appliednormal stress is obtained by conducting a series of such tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 The pullout test method is intended as a performancetest to provide the user with a set of design values for the testconditions examined.5.1.1 The test method is applicable to all geosynthetic
18、s andall soils.5.1.2 This test method produces test data, which can be usedin the design of geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls, slopes,and embankments, or in other applications where resistance ofa geosynthetic to pullout under simulated field conditions isimportant.5.1.3 The test results may a
19、lso provide information relatedto the in-soil stress-strain response of a geosynthetic underconfined loading conditions.5.2 The pullout resistance versus normal stress plot obtainedfrom this test is a function of soil gradation, plasticity,as-placed dry unit weight, moisture content, length and surf
20、acecharacteristics of the geosynthetic and other test parameters.Therefore, results are expressed in terms of the actual testconditions. The test measures the net effect of a combination ofpullout mechanisms, which may vary depending on type ofgeosynthetic specimen, embedment length, relative openin
21、gsize, soil type, displacement rate, normal stress, and otherfactors.5.3 Information between laboratories on precision is incom-plete. In cases of dispute, comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between laboratories may be advis-able.6. Apparatus6.1 Pullout BoxAn open rigid box
22、 consisting of twosmooth parallel sides, a back wall, a horizontal split removabledoor, a bottom plate, and a load transfer sleeve. The door is atthe front as defined by the direction of applied pullout force. Atypical box is shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 The box should be square or rectangular with mini-mu
23、m dimensions 610 mm (24 in.) long by 460 mm (18 in.)wide by 305 mm (12 in.) deep, if sidewall friction isminimized, otherwise the minimum width should be 760 mm(30 in.). The dimensions should be increased, if necessary, sothat minimum width is the greater of 20 times the D85 of thesoil or 6 times th
24、e maximum soil particle size, and theminimum length greater than 5 times the maximum geosyn-thetic aperture size. The box shall allow for a minimum depthof 150 mm (6 in.) above and below the geosynthetic. The depthof the soil in the box above or below the geosynthetic shall bea minimum of 6 times th
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