ASTM D6534-2018 red 4375 Standard Practice for Determining the Peak Force-to-Actuate of a Mechanical Pump Dispenser.pdf

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1、Designation: D6534 05 (Reapproved 2010)D6534 18Standard Test Method Practice forDetermining the Peak Force-to-Actuate of a MechanicalPump Dispenser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i

2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method practice covers the determination of the peak force-to-actuate, s

3、ometimes called force-to-actuate (FTA),of a mechanical pump dispenser.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated w

4、ith its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.1.4 This international s

5、tandard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. R

6、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3890 Practice for Number of Strokes to Prime a Mechanical Pump Dispenser3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method practice can be used to compare the peak force-to-actuate performance of different mechanical pumpdispensers.3.2 This test method practice can b

7、e used to determine the perceived ease of use of a mechanical pump dispenser.3.3 This test method practice can be used to determine the peak force-to-actuate of a mechanical pump dispenser.4. Apparatus4.1 Motorized Compression Tester, or Custom Force-to-Action Machine, with the capability to actuate

8、 the mechanical pumpdispenser at a constant velocity and adjustable stroke lengths while accurately measuring the resulting force (that is, load cell).NOTE 1Since the velocity during actuation will affect the FTA of certain mechanical pump dispenser designs, care must be taken in selecting thecorrec

9、t type of equipment with the sufficient actuation velocity.4.2 A device connected to the compression tester that can display the resulting force in newtons (N) or pounds force (lbf) of0.1 accuracy.4.3 A means to rigidly hold the mechanical pump dispenser during testing (that is, glass bottle or a ho

10、lding fixture; see Fig. 1).5. Precautions5.1 Appropriate handling considerations should be given to flammable, toxic, caustic, or other potentially hazardous materialsused.1 This test method practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on FlexiblePrimary Barrier Packaging and is the direc

11、t responsibility of Subcommittee F02.30on Mechanical Pump Dispensers.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010May 1, 2018. Published March 2011June 2018. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asD6534 05.D6534 05(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D6534-05R10.10.1520/D6534-18.2 For ref

12、erencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide

13、the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stan

14、dard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Appropriate operating considerations should be taken with pinch points on the motorized compression tester.5.3 Ens

15、ure that the exit orifice of the mechanical pump dispenser is pointed away from the operator and other people.5.4 Ensure that the motorized compression tester is properly calibrated.5.5 Actuation Rate for Finger PumpsCare should be taken when selecting the travel speed of the ram. For some mechanica

16、lpump dispenser styles, the speed of actuation and length of stroke can affect the peak force to actuate. As a rule of thumb,mechanical pump dispensers with a stroke length of 7 mm or greater should use an actuation velocity of 35 to 75 mm per second,while mechanical pump dispensers with a stroke le

17、ngth of less than 7 mm should use an actuation velocity of 35 mm per secondor less. Especially for fine mist spray pumps, the above mentioned rates are preferred. A different rate may be used; however, thetrue force-to-actuate during use may not be measured. The actuation rate used should be recorde

18、d in 10.5.6 Actuation Rate for Trigger PumpsActuation rate for trigger sprayers to be 90 strokes per min.6. Sampling6.1 Select an appropriate number of dry, unused pump dispensers at random for the precision and accuracy desired. A numberof ten test specimens are recommended, but a minimum of three

19、is acceptable.7. Specimens7.1 Test specimens shall be clean, dry, and previously unused pump dispensers assembled in the manner as in production.8. Conditioning8.1 If possible, condition the test specimens at 23 6 3C (73 6 5.4F) for not less than 4 h. If the test specimens are notconditioned at the

20、recommended temperature, this should be noted in the test report discussed in 10.1.8.2 Test pumps should be t ested no sooner than 24 h after assembly when possible. If pumps are not conditioned at therecommended time, this should be noted in the test report in 10.1.FIG. 1 Example of a Compression T

21、est MachineD6534 1829. ProcedureForce-to-Actuate Test Method Practice Number 1NOTE 2This test method practice is used with a custom force-to-actuate test machine that can be adjusted to variable stroke lengths and rate. Thisis the recommended method for trigger sprayers.9.1 Fill container with the a

22、ppropriate liquid for testing.NOTE 3If unprimed pumps are to be tested only, do not fill container.9.2 Place the mechanical pump dispenser on the rigid fixture used for holding the sample during testing.9.3 Define and document the relevant data of:9.3.1 Stroke length, if it pertains,9.3.2 Actuation

23、rate,9.3.3 Number of strokes,9.3.4 Description of pump,9.3.5 Product tested.9.3.6 For trigger pumps, document the average contact point distance from the end of the trigger.9.4 If the test is to be performed on an unprimed mechanical pump dispenser, place the mechanical pump dispenser onto theholdin

24、g fixture while directing the exit orifice of the mechanical pump dispenser away from the direction of the operator. If thetest is to be performed on a primed mechanical pump dispenser, and the mechanical pump dispenser has not been primed, primethe mechanical pump dispenser in accordance with Test

25、Method D3890.NOTE 4A product collection device or means of ventilation is recommended for the safety of the operator.9.5 Activate the force-to-actuate tester.NOTE 5If the ram is allowed to bottom-out on the package, this will result in an excessive peak force value, a damaged package, or damaged mac

26、hine,or combination thereof. Bottoming-out of the ram is detected by watching the force gage for a spike at the end of the travel. If the ram on the tester doesbottom-out, the peak force value will be much greater than the actual peak force to actuate.9.6 If the force-to-actuate tester does not auto

27、matically calculate the peak force to actuate, the operator must determine the peakforce to actuate.9.7 Record the peak force in 10.1.Force-to-Actuate Test Method Practice Number 2NOTE 6This test method practice is used with a compression testing machine. Not recommended for trigger sprayers.9.8 Att

28、ach the mechanical pump dispenser securely to the filled container.NOTE 7The rigidity of the container can affect the results. A less rigid container can produce results lower than the actual peak force to actuate.9.9 Prime the test specimens in accordance with Test Method D3890.9.10 Place the packa

29、ge under the gage fixture of the compression testing machine.9.11 Set the height of the actuation fixture so that it rests slightly above (less than 1 mm) the actuator of the mechanical pumpdispenser.9.12 Push the actuator of the mechanical pump dispenser against the gage fixture so that the actuato

30、r is completely depressed.9.13 While holding the actuator against the gage fixture, lower the ram of the compression tester at a slow and safe speed untilthe base of the container is just touching the lower compression plate.9.14 Fix the lower limit travel switch.9.15 Return the ram to the upper lim

31、it position.9.16 Set the speed of the ram.NOTE 8If the ram is allowed to bottom-out on the package, this will result in an excessive peak force value, a damaged package, or damaged machine,or combination thereof. Bottoming-out of the ram is detected by watching the force gage for a spike at the end

32、of the travel. If the compression testerdoes bottom-out, the peak force value will be much greater than the actual peak force to actuate.9.17 If the tester is not properly set up, repeat 9.11 9.16.9.18 Run test with each test specimen.9.19 Record the peak force value for each specimen in 10.1.10. Re

33、port10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Product description, type of pump dispenser being tested, and for variable dosage pumps, the dosage selected,D6534 18310.1.2 Mean, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation peak force values,10.1.3 The actuation rate, and10.1.4 Stroke length.11. Precis

34、ion and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method practice is highly dependent on the particular pump style and contents tested.One laboratory has investigated one particular pump style and a lotion product with ten replicate tests, yielding an average of 32.1N with a range of 31.6 to 33.4

35、 N and a standard deviation of 1.66 strokes. The stroke length was 7.6 mm and the actuation velocitywas 5 mm per second. Other pumps and contents will have other averages of force to actuate and will have more or less variabilitybetween replicate tests. Users of this test method practice are suggest

36、ed to reference historical files of previous tests of similarpumps and contents for an estimate of within laboratory repeatability. The Committee believes that because of this strong productand pump style dependency, further investigation of repeatability and reproducibility is not practicable.11.2

37、BiasThis test method practice has no bias because an accepted reference or referee value is not available.12. Keywords12.1 dispensing; mechanical pump dispenser; peak force-to-actuateASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite

38、m mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical comm

39、ittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me

40、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

41、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184