ASTM D6087-2008(2015)e1 2983 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar《使用地面穿透雷达评估沥青覆盖混凝土桥面的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D6087-2008(2015)e1 2983 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar《使用地面穿透雷达评估沥青覆盖混凝土桥面的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D6087-2008(2015)e1 2983 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks Using Ground Penetrating Radar《使用地面穿透雷达评估沥青覆盖混凝土桥面的标准试验方法》.pdf(6页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D6087 08 (Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forEvaluating Asphalt-Covered Concrete Bridge Decks UsingGround Penetrating Radar1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6087; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTERemoved converted inch-pound units editorially in June 2015.1. Scope1.1 This test method cover
3、s several ground penetratingradar (GPR) evaluation procedures that can be used to evaluatethe condition of concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphalticconcrete wearing surfaces. These procedures can also be usedfor bridge decks overlaid with portland cement concrete andfor bridge decks without an o
4、verlay. Specifically, this testmethod predicts the presence or absence of concrete or rebardeterioration at or above the level of the top layer of reinforc-ing bar.1.2 Deterioration in concrete bridge decks is manifested bythe corrosion of embedded reinforcement or the decompositionof concrete, or b
5、oth. The most serious form of deterioration isthat which is caused by corrosion of embedded reinforcement.Corrosion may be initiated by deicing salts, used for snow andice control in the winter months, penetrating the concrete. Inarid climates, the corrosion can be initiated by chloride ionscontaine
6、d in the mix ingredients. Deterioration may also beinitiated by the intrusion of water and aggravated by subse-quent freeze/thaw cycles causing damage to the concrete andsubsequent debonding of the reinforcing steel with the sur-rounding compromised concrete.1.2.1 As the reinforcing steel corrodes,
7、it expands andcreates a crack or subsurface fracture plane in the concrete ator just above the level of the reinforcement. The fracture plane,or delamination, may be localized or may extend over asubstantial area, especially if the concrete cover to the rein-forcement is small. It is not uncommon fo
8、r more than onedelamination to occur on different planes between the concretesurface and the reinforcing steel. Delaminations are not visibleon the concrete surface. However, if repairs are not made, thedelaminations progress to open spalls and, with continuedcorrosion, eventually affect the structu
9、ral integrity of the deck.1.2.2 The portion of concrete contaminated with excessivechlorides is generally structurally deficient compared withnon-contaminated concrete. Additionally, the chloride-contaminated concrete provides a pathway for the chloride ionsto initiate corrosion of the reinforcing s
10、teel. It is therefore ofparticular interest in bridge deck condition investigations tolocate not only the areas of active reinforcement corrosion, butalso areas of chloride-contaminated and otherwise deterioratedconcrete.1.3 This test method may not be suitable for evaluatingbridges with delaminatio
11、ns that are localized over the diameterof the reinforcement, or for those bridges that have cathodicprotection (coke breeze as cathode) installed on the bridge orfor which a conductive aggregate has been used in the asphalt(that is, blast furnace slag). This is because metals are perfectreflectors o
12、f electromagnetic waves, since the wave imped-ances for metals are zero.1.4 A precision and bias statement has not been developedat this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used foracceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be rega
13、rded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determi
14、ne the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 5.2. Summary of Test Method2.1 The data collection equipment consists of a short-pulseGPR device, data acquisition device, recording device, anddata processing and interpretation equ
15、ipment. The user makesrepeated passes with the data collection equipment in adirection parallel or perpendicular to the centerline across abridge deck at specified locations. Bridge deck condition isquantified based on the data obtained.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
16、04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 onBridges and Structures.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6087 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6087-08R15E01.Copyright ASTM Inter
17、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Significance and Use3.1 This test method provides information on the conditionof concrete bridge decks overlaid with asphaltic concretewithout necessitating removal of the overlay, or other destruc-tive
18、procedures.3.2 This test method also provides information on thecondition of bridge decks without overlays and with portlandcement concrete overlays.3.3 A systematic approach to bridge deck rehabilitationrequires considerable data on the condition of the decks. In thepast, data has been collected us
19、ing the traditional methods ofvisual inspection supplemented by physical testing and coring.Such methods have proven to be tedious, expensive, and oflimited accuracy. Consequently, GPR provides a mechanism torapidly survey bridges in an efficient, non-destructive manner.3.4 Information on the condit
20、ion of asphalt-covered con-crete bridge decks is needed to estimate bridge deck conditionfor maintenance and rehabilitation, to provide cost-effectiveinformation necessary for rehabilitation contracts.3.5 GPR is currently the only non-destructive method thatcan evaluate bridge deck condition on brid
21、ge decks containingan asphalt overlay.4. Apparatus4.1 GPR SystemThere are two categories of GPR systems,depending on the type of antenna utilized for data collection.4.1.1 GPR systems using air-launched horn antennas withcenter frequencies 1 GHz and greater. The equipment mayconsist of an air-couple
22、d, short-pulse monostatic or bistaticantenna(s) with sufficient center frequency to provide theaccurate measurement ofa5cmthick asphalt pavement.4.1.2 GPR systems using ground-coupled antennas withcentral frequencies greater than 1 GHz.4.2 Data Acquisition SystemA data acquisition system,consisting
23、of equipment for gathering GPR data at the mini-mum data rates specified in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.The system shall becapable of accurately acquiring GPR data with a minimum of60-dB dynamic range.4.3 Distance Measurement SystemA distance measure-ment system consisting of a fifth-wheel or appropriate distan
24、cemeasurement instrument (DMI) with accuracy of 6100mm/km and a resolution of 25 mm.NOTE 1Fig. 1 shows a functional block diagram for multiple GPRsand support equipment.5. Hazards5.1 During operation of the GPR system, observe themanufacturers safety directions at all times. When conductinginspectio
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