【考研类试卷】考博英语-490及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-490 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.They eat a lot of meats and dairy foods, along with a lot of _ items that dont fall into any Nutrigroup, such as sugar, fat, and condiments.（分数：0.50）A.redundantB.miscellaneousC.versatileD.trivial2.After the students were shot by

2、 the military during a demonstration against the army _, the girl students dared for the first time to stay out at night on the streets to picket.（分数：0.50）A.controlB.rulingC.governmentD.regime3.Unless astronomers _ their search for extraterrestrial life to stars as exceptional as the Sun, they are w

3、asting much of their time.（分数：0.50）A.narrow downB.boil downC.tone downD.let down4.The assessment center gives each applicant the opportunity to _ whether they are suited to the work.（分数：0.50）A.exemplifyB.demonstrateC.exposeD.exhibit5.The manager is expected to use his best endeavors to promote the a

4、rtists career, while the artist should do nothing to _ the reputation of the manager.（分数：0.50）A.improviseB.agonizeC.garanteeD.jeopardize6.She _ maintained that her grandsons were innocent, and nothing could dissuade her from that belief.（分数：0.50）A.skepticallyB.correspondentlyC.hesitantlyD.steadfastl

5、y7.I want to _ a slightly different issue which is related to Annas question earlier about our different meanings of open-ended problems.（分数：0.50）A.bring upB.bring aboutC.bring forwardD.bring out8.Its important to remember that nutrients have to work _, and to take too much of one or another can be

6、useless or even dangerous.（分数：0.50）A.in checkB.in retrospectC.in concertD.in vogue9.The _ amongst the worlds scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.（分数：0.50）A.censureB.consensusC.censusD.censor10.Welds hopes of assisting homosexual couples to adopt children will

7、require the law to _ the roles and customs of the child welfare organizations that now administer adoption.（分数：0.50）A.overrideB.overtakeC.overdrawD.overwhelm11.I would be _ if he could cast an expert eye over it and tell me what he thought of it.（分数：0.50）A.gracefulB.graciousC.gratefulD.gratuitous12.

8、Though Almond wont describe his work as autobiographical, he does _ his own history in Skellig.（分数：0.50）A.draw inB.draw onC.draw outD.draw up13.In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and _ available form of exercise.（分数：0.50）A.recklesslyB.readilyC.potentiallyD.amenably14.Envy and jealous

9、y of other people and their lives become _ once you start believing in yourself.（分数：0.50）A.superficialB.superfluousC.superstitiousD.supernatural15.The worlds first internet _ has been cancelled because of lack of interest.（分数：0.50）A.climaxB.peakC.summitD.tip16.This is one of the methods used to try

10、and _ to the patients that alcohol, as far as they are concerned, should be a thing of the past.（分数：0.50）A.get byB.get throughC.get overD.get across17.According to the behaviorists, psychologists have no need to _ the existence of the mind or of anything else that is not observable.（分数：0.50）A.postul

11、ateB.contemplateC.schemeD.recommend18.The body also needs daily doses of sunlight to help _ Vitamin D, crucial for maintaining body functions and for the health of muscles and bones.（分数：0.50）A.incorporateB.synthesizeC.integrateD.assimilate19.Next time you have a problem, think about how you can impr

12、ove the situation instead of _ all the negative aspects.（分数：0.50）A.dwelling onB.counting onC.barking onD.touching on20.Given a relatively _ sentence of 18 years (others were given suspended death sentences), Chen was later released from jail in consideration of age and poor health.（分数：0.50）A.benevol

13、entB.compassionateC.lenientD.charitable二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The period immediately following the Civil War was a time of great hope for Blacks in America. It was also a time of momentous (21) change, as the nation sought to (22) those liberties enshrined in the Bill of Rights to all Americans

14、, Black and White. The Thirteenth Amendment (23) slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed all citizens equal protection of the laws, and the Fifteenth Amendment declared that no one could be (24) the right to vote “ (25) race, color, or precious condition of servitude.“ In subsequent decades, (2

15、6) , it became all too apparent, at least to Blacks and a (n) (27) small number of concerned Whites, that the promise contained in these amendments were not being (28) By centurys end, racial segregation was still an inescapable fact of American life, in the North (29) the South.There was an importa

16、nt stage that showed the struggle to close the gap between constitutional promise and social reality. In turning to civil disobedience (非暴力反抗), leaders (30) MartinLuther King, Jr. made (31) possible for all victims of racial injustice to take action in a way that was direct and forceful, (32) also p

17、eaceable. And through the power of their mortal example, they soon won widespread support for their cause. (33) these developments, Congress took steps to (34) the full meaning of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.The enactm

18、ent of these measures (35) marked the end of the civil rights movement. There was still much to be done.（分数：15.00）A.judicialB.governmentalC.constitutionalD.nationalA.setB.extendC.enactD.takeA.forbadeB.relinquishedC.abolishedD.abandonedA.refusedB.deniedC.givenD.entitledA.on no accountB.in light ofC.r

19、egardless ofD.on account ofA.thenB.finallyC.howeverD.moreoverA.unfortunatelyB.fortunatelyC.previouslyD.justlyA.honoredB.observedC.noticedD.markedA.rather thanB.other thanC.as well asD.better thanA.for exampleB.such asC.for instanceD.andA.thatB.usC.itD.thingsA.andB.orC.ifD.butA.According toB.In respo

20、nse toC.In spite ofD.Abide byA.recoverB.revealC.restoreD.respectA.by no meansB.on large scaleC.without questionD.in the long run三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Placing a human being behind the wheel of an automobile often has the same curious ef

21、fect as cutting certain fibers in the brain.The result in either case is more primitive behavior. Hostile feelings are apt to be expressed in an aggressive way.The same man who will step aside for a stranger at a doorway will, when behind the wheel, risk an accident trying to beat another motorist t

22、hrough an intersection. The importance of emotional factors in automobile accidents is gaining recognition. Doctors and other scientists have concluded that the highway death toll resembles a disease epidemic and should be investigated as such.Dr. Ross A. Mcfarland, Associate Professor of Industrial

23、 Hygiene at the Harvard University School of Public Health, said that accidents “now constitute a greater threat to the safety of large segments of the population than diseases do.“Accidents are the leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 35. About one third of all accidental deaths and one

24、 seventh of all accidental injuries are caused by motor vehicles.Based on the present rate of vehicle registration, unless the accident rate is cut in half, one of every 10 persons in the country will be killed or injured in a traffic accident in the next 15 years.Research to find the underlying cau

25、ses of accidents and to develop ways to detect drivers who are apt to cause them is being conducted at universities and medical centers. Here are some of their findings so far:A man drives as he lives. If he is often in trouble with collection agencies, the courts, and police, chances are he will ha

26、ve repeated automobile accidents. Accident repeaters usually are egocentric, exhibitionistic, resentful of authority, impulsive, and lacking in social responsibility. As a group, they can be classified as borderline psychopathic personalities, according to Dr. McFarland.The suspicion, however, that

27、accident repeaters could be detected in advance by screening out persons with more hostile impulses is false. A study at the University of Colorado showed that there were just as many overly hostile persons among those who had no accidents as among those with repeated accidents.（分数：6.00）(1).The auth

28、or believes that, behind the wheel of an automobile, some people act _ .（分数：1.00）A.as though they were uncivilizedB.as though their brain fibers needed cuttingC.as though they wanted to repress hostile feelingsD.as though they should change their attitudes from hostility to amicability(2).Doctors an

29、d other scientists have concluded that _ .（分数：1.00）A.the highway death toll resembles a disease epidemicB.the highway death toll is entirely due to emotional factorsC.many drivers have a disease of the brainD.highway accidents should be treated as disease epidemics(3).Dr. McFarland emphasizes the gr

30、eat menace of accidents by comparing it to _ .（分数：1.00）A.high school testsB.psychopathic behaviorC.an epidemicD.antisocial behavior(4).According to the article, accidents are the leading cause of fatalities among people _ .（分数：1.00）A.between the ages of 1 and 35B.in antisocial groupsC.over the age o

31、f 35D.who are normally courteous(5).Which of the following statements is true, according to the article?（分数：1.00）A.Motor vehicle registration will cause an increase in accidents in the future.B.Unless the accident rate is decreased, ten per cent of the American population will be killed or injured i

32、n motor accidents in the next 15 years.C.There is no hope that the accident rate will decrease during the next 15 years.D.Unless the accident rate decreases during the next 15 years, fifty per cent of the population will be kille(6).According to this article, studies at leading universities have sho

33、wn that accident repeaters _ .（分数：1.00）A.are in trouble with collection agenciesB.can be detected in advanceC.drive entirely differently from the way they usually liveD.cannot be discovered on the basis of generally hostile attitudes六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：7.00)With increasing prosperity, West European

34、 youth is having a fling that is creating distinctive consumer and cultural patterns.The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the “youth market.“ This is a market in which enterprising businesses cater to the demands of teenagers and older yo

35、uths in all their beatlemania and pop-art forms.In the United States, the market is wide-ranging and well established, almost an industry, which with this countrys emphasis on “youthfulness,“ even extends beyond teenager groups.As in the United States, youthful tastes in Europe extend over a similar

36、 range of products-records and record players, leather jackets and “wayout,“ extravagantly styled clothing, cosmetics and soft drinks. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing.Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in t

37、his country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that “make the wearer stand out,“ but also make him “in,“ such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets.Worship and emulation of “idols“ in the entertainment field, especially the “pop“ singers and other performers, can be viewed a

38、s another similarity. There is also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenager singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other

39、 followers of teenage fads call the youth market “attractive bat irrational.“Actually, the scope and nature of the youth market varies considerably from country to country, being large and lively in some and only beginning to show itself in others.But there are also these important dissimilarities g

40、enerally with the American youth-market:In the European youth-market, unlike that of the United States, it is the working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power.On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This is the maximum age to which compulsory education extend,

41、 and with Europes industrial manpower shortage, thousands of teenage youths may soon attain incomes equal in many cases to that of their fathers.Although, because of general prosperity, European youths are beginning to continue school studies beyond the compulsory maximum age, they do not receive an

42、ything like the pocket-money or “allowances“ of American teenagers.Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school, but these in turn have less buying power.（分数：7.00）(1).According to the passage, the yout

43、h market is one that _ .（分数：1.00）A.has never been clearly distinguished from the adult marketB.is exceptionally easy to predictC.has long been under the scrutiny of consumer investigatorsD.is responsible for a larger percentage of consumption than was true a few years ago(2).The passage implies that

44、 the youth market is more established in _ .（分数：1.00）A.England than it is in AmericaB.Stockholm than it is in ParisC.America than it is in EuropeD.Europe than it is in Asia(3).The American and European youth markets are Mike in regard to _ .（分数：1.00）A.occurrence of frequent changes in buying habitsB

45、.purchase of luxuriesC.appreciation of the same individual entertainersD.amount of parental allowances for clothing(4).According to the passage, which of the following statements is true concerning teenagers in Europe?.（分数：1.00）A.The stay-in-school period is becoming shorter.B.The earnings of teenag

46、ers are steadily increasing.C.Teenagers are getting more and more serious.D.Teenagers who work have more leisure time than teenagers who go to school.(5).Which of the following statements about the consumer habits of youth is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.English youths prefer close-fitting garments.B.Europea

47、n teenagers mimic their American peers and vice versa.C.Flavored carbonated beverages are popular among teenagers.D.Teenagers today are too sophisticated for hero-worship.(6).Which of the following words in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by “fashion“?（分数：1.00）A.Fad.B.Worship.C.Emulation.D.Exuberanc(7).

48、The main purpose of the passage is to _ .（分数：1.00）A.describe different types of clothing worn by youthB.discuss new trends in the consumer patterns of youthC.analyze several advertising techniques used in gaining the youth marketD.compare the youth in the United States with the youth of Europe七、Pass

49、age 3(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The golden rule for good writing is not a rule of grammar. It is true that there are rules of grammar, as in music there are rules of harmony, and that they are important, but one can no more write good English merely by keeping these rules than one can compose good music. The golden rule for good writing concerns not merely the arrangement of words but the choice of them. Only the right words can convey the right