【考研类试卷】考博英语-485及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-485 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.The survey showed that _ numbers of 15-year-olds were already smoking twenty cigarettes a week.（分数：1.00）A.essentialB.steadyC.primaryD.substantial2.The attack of the World Trade Center will leav

2、e a _ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.（分数：1.00）A.longB.foreverC.lastingD.lively3.His desire to _ other people has caused trouble in his family.（分数：1.00）A.pleaseB.dominateC.forceD.urge4.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.（分

3、数：1.00）A.lifeB.birthC.wayD.death5.The coming of automation is _ to have important social consequences.（分数：1.00）A.likeB.frightfulC.boundD.compelled6.The jet quickly _ into the sky and soon went out of our view.（分数：1.00）A.ascendedB.launchedC.assessedD.descended7.We must try to _ the best of our moral

4、values for our children and grandchildren.（分数：1.00）A.replaceB.remainC.generateD.preserve8.She _ the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of the government policy.（分数：1.00）A.citedB.recitedC.listedD.lifted9.Tom could hardly _ his excitement as he knew that he had made a real discovery.

5、（分数：1.00）A.concealB.revealC.showD.discover10.There is a high job mobility among young people as they will _ work one day and find a new job the next.（分数：1.00）A.departB.rejectC.quitD.leave11.Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment.（分数：1.00）A.destructionB.polluti

6、onC.expenseD.mercy12.He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes.（分数：1.00）A.attributedB.contributedC.blamedD.applied13._ is the question of using existing resources to produce original and beneficial solutions, ideas or products.（分数：1.00）A.CreativityB.ProductivityC.Appli

7、cationD.Combination14.The full _ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.（分数：1.00）A.affectB.impactC.actionD.importance15.The police _ to emergencies in just a few minutes when the accident happened.（分数：1.00）A.respondedB.repliedC.adjustedD.appealed16.The goals and des

8、ires _ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.（分数：1.00）A.swingB.varyC.distinguishD.transfer17.The badly wounded soldiers take _ for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt.（分数：1.00）A.priorityB.measuresC.chanceD.responsibility18.In the _ of the project not being a success

9、, the investors stand to lose up to USD 30 million.（分数：1.00）A.faceB.timeC.eventD.course19.A good deal of the _ for his achievement in this field must go to his supervisor, Professor Fang.（分数：1.00）A.creditB.reputationC.respectD.praise20.It is still not clear what _ a series of argument between them.（

10、分数：1.00）A.contributedB.markedC.ignitedD.triggered21.Since Japan _ importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed.（分数：1.00）A.relatesB.appliesC.attachesD.connects22.Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible _.

11、（分数：1.00）A.attackB.threatC.lessonD.revenge23.Sometimes artists find it hard for their works to win popular _.（分数：1.00）A.welcomeB.applauseC.appetiteD.appreciation24.Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others _ at art or basketball?（分数：1.00）A.workB.gazeC.aimD.excel25.As we can no longer

12、 wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _ it.（分数：1.00）A.postponeB.refuseC.acceptD.cancel26.The local authorities seemed to _ for the accident that took place last week.（分数：1.00）A.shareB.takeC.criticizeD.blame27.Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer.（分数：1.00）A.takeB.decreas

13、eC.minimizeD.claim28.The car one drives may show his/her _ or social position.（分数：1.00）A.curiosityB.statusC.importanceD.reputation29.Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why; you see most business people dress formally.（分数：1.00）A.countB.accountC.allowD.Care30.It is our _ policy that we will

14、achieve unity through peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.consistentB.considerateC.certainD.decisive31.Shy people never _ set out to attract attention of other people.（分数：1.00）A.willinglyB.voluntarilyC.decidedlyD.deliberately32.The Great Wall is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors from all parts o

15、f the world every year.（分数：1.00）A.attentionB.appointmentC.attractionD.interest33.In order to survive now and _ in the future, all the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business.（分数：1.00）A.maximizeB.thriveC.measureD.remain34.There has been an increase in attendan

16、ce at lectures _ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.（分数：1.00）A.developedB.sponsoredC.advancedD.promoted35.Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have _.（分数：1.00）A.declinedB.increasedC.brokenD.maintained3

17、6.It is not too late, but _ action is needed.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.urgentC.hurryD.prompt37.Chemistry is closely _ with other studies, physics, biology and so on.（分数：1.00）A.correspondedB.concernedC.correlatedD.cooperated38.Disabled people are now able to care for many of their own needs, _ educational go

18、als, and maintain jobs.（分数：1.00）A.attemptB.pursueC.realizeD.perform39.The destruction of rainforests has been _ as a disaster for the environment.（分数：1.00）A.blamedB.declaredC.condemnedD.appealed40.The search for the lost ship must be _ because of poor weather.（分数：1.00）A.releasedB.resignedC.abandoned

19、D.surrendered三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：7.50)In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.Then came the first World War and the male secretaries were replaced by wome

20、n. A mans secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wifes birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand.Now all t

21、his may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.“Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work an

22、d then men will want to do it again.“That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco. She n

23、oted that all the men she dealt with appeared to be gay so possibly that it was just a new twist to the old story.Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries. Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bo

24、ttom-and thats what happened to John Bowman. Although he joined a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administration job.“I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant. The g

25、irls were reluctant to work for this young, glamorous new woman with all this power in the firm.“I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful finding a job. I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit Ive never met another male secretary.

26、 But then I joined the Post Office as a clerk and carelessly played with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good 21,000 a year more than clerks like me. There was a shortage at that time, you see.“It was simpler working for a woman than for a man

27、. I found she made decisions, she told everybody what she thought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff ring this number for me dear, which men go in for. “Dont forget, we were a team-thats how I feel about it-not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the sa

28、me purpose.Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be male takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well, as they are as efficient and well-trained to cope wi

29、th word processors and computers as men.（分数：7.50）(1).Before the first World War, female secretaries were rare because they _.（分数：1.50）A.wore stockingsB.were not as serious as menC.were less efficient than menD.would have disturbed the other office workers(2).A secretary in the future will _.（分数：1.50

30、）A.be better paidB.have less work to doC.have higher statusD.have more work to do(3).John Bowman was given his first job as a secretary because _.（分数：1.50）A.he was luckyB.no one else appliedC.he had the best qualificationsD.he wanted to work for a woman(4).When he was a post office clerk, secretarie

31、s were better paid because _.（分数：1.50）A.they were in shortageB.they were better trainedC.they worked longer hoursD.they had greater responsibility(5).The writer believes that before long _.（分数：1.50）A.men and women will compete for secretarial workB.men will take over womens jobs as secretariesC.wome

32、n will operate most office machinesD.men will be better with machines五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：7.50)There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly (商品供应垄断) to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure comp

33、etition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase.In contrast, in monopolistic competition, sever

34、al companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts (折扣) are often used as part of a marketing s

35、trategy to influence sales.Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not considered desirable because it would r

36、esult in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual.Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolie

37、s have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales.（分数：7.50）(1).Which of the following would be the best title f

38、or the passage?（分数：1.50）A.Monopolies.B.The Commodity Market.C.The Competition Continuum.D.The Best Type of Competition.(2).An example of product in monopolistic competition is _.（分数：1.50）A.cornB.electricityC.airline ticketD.coffee(3).The word “tolerated“ in Paragraph 4 could best be replaced by _.（分

39、数：1.50）A.permittedB.reservedC.criticizedD.devised(4).What does the author mean by the statement “Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual“?（分数：1.50）A.It is not unusual for all

40、 companies to increase prices at the same time.B.It is common for companies to compete for customers by lowering prices.C.Customers may lose money when companies have price wars.D.Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterwar(5).The word “it“ in Paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数

41、：1.50）A.a product or serviceB.competitionC.revenueD.oligopoly六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Kevin Rogers used to be my boss. At that time he was a hard-working, up-and-coming businessman and a real slave-driver, always telling us we had to sell more and more. As soon as I could, I got a job with another

42、company. The last time I saw Rogers was more than ten years ago. At least thats what I thought until last Thursday. But now Im not so sure.I was on my way back to my office in the center of town. There is a small park nearby which I sometimes walk through after lunch. It is empty, except for an unsh

43、aven, shabby-looking man on one of the benches. He looked about fifty years old and was wearing an old, gray overcoat. It was a cold, wintry day, and he was shivering.“Its been a long time since I had a meal. Can you help me?“ he said. There was something about his voice that sounded familiar. I gav

44、e him a few coins and he mumbled something about being grateful. As he stumbled past me, I looked at his face closely. I wondered where I had seen him before. Then it hit me. Could it possibly be.? No! Impossible, I thought. I watched him walking away. He was the same height as Rogers but looked a l

45、ot thinner than I remembered. Then, as he left the park and turned down the street, I caught sight of his face again, this time in profile. The nose was the same as Rogers, too. I almost followed him but something made me stop. I just couldnt be sure. But the resemblance was very close.Yesterday I r

46、an into someone who had worked for Rogers at the same time I did, and had stayed on longer. I started telling him about the man I had seen in the park. For a moment I thought it was our old boss. The voice, the nose, and even the face were just like Rogers, but it couldnt have been, “Rogers must be

47、the director of a big company by now“ I said.My ex-colleague shook his head. “I thought you knew.“Knew? Knew what? What are you talking about?“Rogers was sent to prison six years ago. Hes probably out by now. For all I know hes sleeping on park benches and begging money from passers-by./（分数：7.50）(1)

48、.It seems that when Rogers was the writers boss, the writer _.（分数：1.50）A.rather liked RogersB.admired Rogers ability to sellC.thought Rogers was lazyD.was not very happy in his job(2).When this story begins, the writer _.（分数：1.50）A.was working for a man called RogersB.was on his way to work in the m

49、orningC.was going back to work after lunchD.had finished work and was going home(3).When the man in the park saw the writer, the man _.（分数：1.50）A.begged some money from himB.tried to hit himC.offered to help himD.walked away from him(4).The writer thought the man might be _.（分数：1.50）A.someone who had alwa