ASTM D5647-2007(2018) 6875 Standard Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-Electric Apparatus.pdf

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1、Designation: D5647 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forMeasuring Hairiness of Yarns by the Photo-ElectricApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the determination of the hairiness ofmost filament and spun yarn using a photo-electric sensora

3、pparatus. It is not intended for use on novelty yarns.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons

4、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izati

5、on established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD2258 Practice for

6、 Sampling Yarn for TestingD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:broken filament, frayed, fuzzy, hairiness, loopy.3.2 For all other term

7、inology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Guide4.1 A yarn is passed through a photo-electric device con-taining a light beam that is interrupted by the occurrence ofprotruding fibers or filaments. By the use of a digital volt meteror computer interface, the number of protru

8、ding fibers orfilaments of a specific length along a specified surface length ofyarn are counted and reported as hairiness.5. Significance and Use5.1 The photo-electric method for measuring the hairinessof yarns is not recommended for acceptance testing of com-mercial shipments since experience has

9、shown that resultsobtained from machines produced by one manufacturer cannotusually be verified by machines produced by another manu-facturer. This guide is intended to increase the awareness of theuser to available techniques for measuring hairiness. In somecases the purchaser and the supplier may

10、have to test acommercial shipment of one or more specific materials by thebest available guide though it has not been recommended foracceptance testing of commercial shipments.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),compa

11、rative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum, test samples that are as homogenousas possible, drawn from the material from which the disparatetest results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equalnumb

12、ers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from thetwo laboratories should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected or future test results for that materi

13、al must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 There may be a distinct difference in testing speed andtension devices of machines supplied by different manufactur-ers that may give differences in reported test results.5.3 The measurement of hairiness is important to yarnproducers. This gu

14、ide is useful for process control and researchof the yarn surface design at an individual manufacturingfacility. Hairiness also is used to provide yarn processingmachine design, and indications of malfunctioning processequipment, such as rotors, doffing mechanisms, guides, and1This guide is under th

15、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018 Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5647 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D5647-07R18.2For

16、referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

17、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World

18、 Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1travelers. It can be used to identify some causes of barrenessand shade variation in fabrics.6. Apparatus6.1 Yarn Hairiness Meter3, photo-electric type measuringhead, equipped with digital volt meter or computer interfacingcapable of c

19、ounting the number of protruding fibers or brokenfilaments of a specific length along the surface of a yarn ofknown length, preferably at a measuring height of 1 mm.6.2 Yarn Take-Up Device, capable of winding yarn atvariable speeds, and preferably a means for obtaining 30m/min.7. Sampling and Number

20、 of Specimens, Suggested7.1 Lot SizeA lot is defined as a single shipment, orproduction run of a single type of yarn. A lot may constitute allor part of a single customer order.7.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample when using this guide foracceptance testing, take at random the number of shippingunits direc

21、ted in an applicable material specification or otheragreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as anagreement to use Practice D2258. In the absence of such anagreement, take the number of packages specified in PracticeD2258. This may constitute all or part of any one customerorder or pro

22、duction run. Consider packages of yarn to be theprimary sampling unit.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween packages of yarn and between test specimens from a package ofyarn, to produce a sampling

23、plan with meaningful producers risk,consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample when us-ing this guide for acceptance testing, proceed as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and t

24、he supplier. In the absence of such anagreement, use the lot sampling units as laboratory samplingunits specified in Practice D2258.7.4 Test SpecimensAs test specimens for acceptancetesting, use 100-m lengths from each yarn package in thelaboratory sample after discarding the outer yarn layer. Taket

25、hree specimens from each laboratory sampling unit.8. Test Equipment and Pre-Test Preparation8.1 Unless otherwise specified in a material specification orpurchase order, prepare the test equipment as follows:8.1.1 Calibrate and service the test apparatus as specified bythe manufacturer.8.1.2 Clean th

26、e photo-electric area of the measuring headthoroughly with a soft brush and aerosol duster.8.1.3 When possible, set the yarn take-up winder speed to30 m/min. Otherwise, use the speed closest to 30 m/min for themachine utilized.8.1.4 Set the fiber measuring length to 1 mm unless other-wise specified.

27、NOTE 2For some types of yarn, 3 mm has been successfully used torelate to down-line performance.8.1.5 Set fixed test length to 100 m.8.1.6 Ensure the yarn passes centrally in the slot of themeasuring head.8.1.7 When applicable for apparatus equipped with tensionadjusting capabilities, set the minimu

28、m tension to stabilize theyarn; that is, being smooth running and having no vibration.8.1.8 For apparatus not equipped with tension adjustingcapabilities, set the yarn tension to provide a smooth runningyarn having no vibration using the following guide:for greater than 125 tex 28 to 30 gfor66to125t

29、ex 18to20gfor66texorless 8to10g9. Conditioning9.1 No conditioning is required unless otherwise agreedupon, such as in a material specification or contract order.10. Procedure10.1 Draw the free end from the yarn package over its end,through the tension device, and centrally through the slot of themea

30、suring head. Then, secure the free end to the take-upmechanism.10.2 Activate the take-up mechanism and allow the yarn toreach the specified speed.10.3 Activate the hairiness tester and record the total hairi-ness count for the specified test length.10.4 Obtain three determinations using three separa

31、telengths of yarn from each sampling unit.11. Calculation11.1 Hairiness Count, SpecimenRecord the hairinesscount/100 m of individual specimens as read directly from therecording device to the nearest whole number.11.2 Average ValuesCalculate the average hairiness count/100 m to the nearest whole num

32、ber for the laboratory sampleand lot as applicable to a material specification or contractorder.11.3 Computer Processed DataWhen data is automati-cally computer processed, calculations are generally containedin the associated software. In any event, it is recommended thatcomputer processed data be v

33、erified against known propertyvalues.12. Report12.1 Report that the hairiness count was determined asdirected in Guide D5647. Describe the material or productsampled and the method of sampling used.3Testing apparatus for measuring hairiness are available from: Meiners-Del,Rayner House, 23 Higher Hil

34、lgate, Stockport, Cheshire SK1 3ER, England;Microdynamics, P.O. Box 27578, Atlanta, GA 30327; Shirley DevelopmentsLimited, P.O. Box 6, 856 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 8SA, England; ShikiboLimited; Zellweger Uster, 4404 Chesapeake Drive, P.O. Box 16348, Charlotte; NC28297-6348; Zweigle GmbH fuzz;

35、hairiness; yarnASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of s

36、uch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for add

37、itional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to t

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39、e aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 07 (2018)3