ASTM D5121-2015 Standard Practice for Preparation of Rock Slabs for Durability Testing《耐久性试验用石板制备的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D5121 10D5121 15Standard Practice forPreparation of Rock Slabs for Durability Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision

2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the preparation of rock slabs for various tests and any visual inspections used to evaluate the durabilityof

3、rock for erosion control. These tests include, but are not limited to, Test Methods D5240, D5312, and D5313. This practice isappropriate for the assessment of breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap, and gabion sized rock materials.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

4、 The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 All observed and measured values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026., unless super

5、seded by this standard.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstanc

6、es. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projectsmany unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means

7、 only that the document has been approved throughthe ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices an

8、d determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to be Used for Erosion ControlD5240 Test

9、Method for Testing Rock Slabs to Evaluate Soundness of Riprap by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateD5312 Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing ConditionsD5313 Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under

10、Wetting and Drying ConditionsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTheFor definitions of common technical terms used in this practice shall be in accordance with standard, referto Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standa

11、rd:3.2.1 rock saw, na saw capable of cutting rock. The term “rock saw” shall include the blade which saws the rock, anycomponents that control or power the sawing process or both, and framework on which the blade and any other associatedcomponents are mounted.3.2.2 slab, na section of rock having tw

12、o smooth, approximately parallel faces, produced by two saw cuts. The thickness ofthe slab is generally less than the other dimensions of the rock. The slab will be the specimen of a rock which will subsequentlyundergo durability tests.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18

13、on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion Control.Current edition approved July 1, 2010July 1, 2015. Published August 2010July 2015. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD512106.10. DOI: 10.1520/D5121-10.10.1520/D512

14、1-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended on

15、ly to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current vers

16、ionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 slice, nin rock testing, the smoo

17、th surface of rock piece produced by the cutting of the rock by a rock saw.3.2.4 gabion-fill stone, nstone generally less than 25 kg (50 lb) and placed in baskets of wire or other suitable material. Thesebaskets are then tied together to form an integral structure designed to resist erosion along st

18、ream banks and around bridge piers.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is used to prepare rock specimens for durability testing and to evaluate any internal defects, such as cracks,that may not be apparent on the surfaces of broken blocks of rock. Such evaluation can also aid in the selection a

19、nd location ofslabs for testing as outlined in Practice D4992. In some cases, the need for further testing or evaluation may be eliminated.4.2 The sawing of rock samples will reduce them to a suitable specimen size and quantity for testing and, in many cases,preserve the natural structure of the int

20、ernal defects so the samples can be evaluated by the various durability tests.4.3 Durability tests specimens should be 6465 6 65 mm (2.5 6 0.25 in) thick normal to bedding or any potential planes ofweakness which may be observed in the samples. In no case will the size of the slab be less than 125 m

21、m (5 in.) on a side, excludingthe thickness Ideally, a test specimen size equal to the proposed design size would provide the ultimate in correlation betweenlaboratory tests and actual field performance. However, in most cases, this is neither practical nor economically feasible.5. Apparatus5.1 Rock

22、 SawAny laboratory diamond saw used to cut geological and concrete specimens, or anya diamond saw used forlapidary purposes, shall be acceptable. For most tests, a A minimum blade diameter of 3635 cm (14 in.) will be needed to obtainthe slab sizes required for most durability tests (a larger onerequ

23、ired slab (a larger blade is preferable). The blade shall be a circulardiamond blade. The size of the slab that can be obtained by sawing is limited by the blade-stabilizing flanges. Table 1 gives theapproximate blade diameter and slab height relationships for saws typically used.5.1.1 The rock saw

24、apparatus shall have a vise to hold the samples during the cutting process, in addition to an automatic feed(either gravity, hydraulic, or screwfeed operated) that controls the cutting action. A table saw with a removable vise is alsoacceptable. The saw shall have a platform to prevent the cut slab

25、from falling and shattering.5.2 CameraIt is preferable to takeAvideo or still camera capable of producing good quality, color images for taking picturesof the rock sample and specimens before and after slabbing.slab cutting.5.3 Photographic ScaleAscale of appropriate dimension and division when comp

26、ared to the field of view and the detail beingstudied. When selecting a scale, always choose the scale that will provide at least as precise a measurement as the system that willbe measuring the photographic information. If the system has a precision to one millimetre, make sure the scale used is ac

27、curateand precise to at least one millimetre across the entire scale.6. Materials6.1 CoolantWater shall be used as a coolant between the rock surface and the saw blade during the cutting process. Coolantsother than water may interfere with subsequent testing or evaluation, or both.6.2 WashWater shal

28、l be used for washing samples and specimens. Washing with something other than water may interferewith subsequent testing or evaluation or both.7. Hazards7.1 Circular, diamond saw blades do not have sharp protruding teeth that wood-cutting blades have, and as such are notinherently as dangerous as b

29、lades with teeth. However, their use does require care, safe handling procedures, and proper safetyequipment.7.2 During the sawing action rock cuttings may become projectiles and potentially harm eyes. Also, blades have been knownto stick or bind and the object being cut or the blade may become a pr

30、ojectile.TABLE 1 Approximate Blade Diameter and Slab HeightRelationshipBlade Diameter, Nominal, cm (in.) Slab Height, Nominal, cm (in.)36 (14) 13 (5)46 (18) 18 (7)61 (24) 23 (9)TABLE 1 Approximate Blade Diameter and Slab HeightRelationshipBlade Diameter, Nominal, cm (in.) Slab Height, Nominal, cm (i

31、n.)35 (14) 15 (6)45 (18) 20 (8)60 (24) 25 (10)D5121 1528. Procedure8.1 Choose individual rock samples for testing that are representative of the total rock mass, as noted in Practice D4992. Thesample shall be of a size to fit within the vise of the saw without further mechanical reduction of size.NO

32、TE 1Test specimens may also be prepared by cutting a 65 mm (2.5 in.) thick slab from a 150-mm (6-in.) diameter drill core such that any apparentzones of weakness are includedNOTE 1Test specimens may also be prepared by cutting a 65 mm (2.5 in.) thick slab from a 150-mm (6-in.) diameter drill core su

33、ch that any apparentzones of weakness are included8.2 Clamp the rock sample in the vise, or hand-hold it on the saw table such that the rock sample will be sawn perpendicularto the bedding or banded texture of the rock, unless another orientation is specified for the saw cut.8.3 Cut the sample in a

34、single pass between the midpoint of the rock and one-third of the distance from its edge. Make the cuteither by: (1) automatically feeding the sample within the vise through the blade, or (2) hand-holding and hand-feeding soft rocksthrough the blade. The automatic feed is preferable. In either case,

35、 saw the rock to minimize breakage which can result frominternal cracks, features of weakness, or the sawing operation. Care shall be taken to produce a cut as smooth as possible.8.4 Remove the rock from the saw after each cut is made. Wash and examine the slice. Note the presence of bedding planes,

36、fractures, and other planes of weakness and their condition.8.5 Place the rock sample back in the vise and make a second, parallel cut at some distance from the first one in the samemanner. The thickness of any slab produced from two cuts shall be determined by the type of durability test for which

37、the slabis sawed and as discussed in 4.3.8.6 Repeat steps 8.2 8.5 as many times as needed to produce the number of samplesspecimens and test slabs needed.8.7 Label each test specimen with a suitable waterproof marker. Record the image of each test specimen in such a way that theslab fills most of th

38、e photograph. Wet or partially wet test specimens usually show more detail than dry specimens. Include a scalein all photographs.8.8 Visual examination may indicate some slabs are unsuitable for testing due to breakage during or after slabbing, slab cutting,or for some other reason; discard these sl

39、abs.9. ReportReport: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)9.1 ReportRecord the following information:9.1.1 Identification number,9.1.2 Sample location,9.1.3 Rock type (formational name is optional),9.1.4 The number of trials needed to obtain the number of test slabs requested from each sample,9.1.5 Textures, d

40、efects, or other information obtained from the visual examination that may affect the durability testing of therock,9.1.6 Mass of the rock slab,9.1.7 A photograph color image of the sample prior to the slabbing, slab cutting, with a dimensional scale, and9.1.8 A photograph color image of the specime

41、n slab with a dimensional scale, preferably in color.and9.1.9 Name of individuals performing the preparation.10. Keywords10.1 defects; diamond saw blade; durability; rock saw; slabsSUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 has identified policy, this section identifies the location of selec

42、ted changesto this practicestandard since the last issue,edition D512106,(2010) that may impact the use of this practice.(Approved July 1, 2010)standard. (July 1, 2015)(1) Revised 1.1 to be more concise and to include “inspections” and “erosion control,” which were in the body of the test methodbut

43、not in the Scope.(1) Revised 1.1 to include what materials are deemed appropriate for use in this practice.(2) Revised 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, caveats to meet D18.91 editorial requirements.(3) Revised the ASTM Standard D5240 title in 2.1 to reflect its change.(4) Added 3.2.4 to include gabion-fill as it

44、is not referenced in Terminology D653.D5121 153(5) Revised 5.1 for ease of use and clarification.(6) Revised 5.2 to include the allowed use of video cameras to record rock and slab images.(7) Added 5.3 to clarify the use of a photographic scale that is referenced in 9.1.7 and 9.1.8.(8) Revised 8.4 f

45、or ease of use and clarification.(9) Added 8.7 for ease of use and clarification.(10) Revised Section 9 title to meet D18.91 editorial requirements.(2) Revised the units statement in 1.2 to agree with the way inch-pounds are portrayed in the standard, which is parenthetically.(3) In 3.2, expanded th

46、e definition for rock saw to include all the common components, and slightly modified the definition forslice to refer specifically to a rock saw.(4) Revised 5.1 to simplify and clarify wording.(5) Revised 6.1 to cover what the coolant was being used for, and added a section covering “wash” was sinc

47、e it was discussed inthe standard but was not mentioned under Materials.(6) Expanded Section 7 to cover more of the hazards associated with the sawing process.D5121 154(7) Added SI units to Table 1 to comply with the units statement in 1.2.(8) Added Note 1 for compliance with the requirements in Tes

48、t Method D5313 and with the Significance and Use section.(9) Broke old 8.2 into two concise subsections.(10) Added new 8.6 for compliance with the process as stated in Practice D4992.(11) Added new 8.7 covering “visual examination and discarding of slabs” for compliance with Practice D4992 and inclu

49、ding astep that is part of the report.(12) Added visual examination to 9.1.5 to clarify where the data is obtained.(13) Added the word specimen to clarify exactly what is being photographed.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at a