ASTM D4806-2018 Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.pdf

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1、Designation: D4806 18Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in

2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to b

3、e blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 % to 15 % by volume for use as automo-tive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814as well as other fuel applications or specifications involvingethanol. The significance of this specification is shown inAppendix X1.1.2 Jurisdictions m

4、ay vary in their regulatory requirementsfor the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemicalcomposition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturantneeded to denature the ethanol. The user is advised to checkwith the national and regional regulatory agencies where theethanol is denatur

5、ed and used.1.2.1 Specific regulatory requirements for denatured fuelethanol and acceptable denaturants from various jurisdictionsare given in Appendixes for information.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3.1 ExceptionValues given in parentheses are providedfor informa

6、tion only. Non-SI units are shown in the Appendixif they are in a direct quotation from government regulations.In most cases, U.S. federal regulations specify non-SI units.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to themethod modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standarddoes

7、not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international s

8、tandard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2

9、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum

10、Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrome

11、tryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Termino

12、logy Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Me

13、thod for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol andMethanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%1This specification is under the jurisdiction o

14、f ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D48

15、06 17. DOI:10.1520/D4806-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section app

16、ears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Princi

17、ples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAro

18、matics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of DenaturedFuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel BlendsD6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Con

19、tent ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfat

20、e in Ethanolby Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol andButanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-raphyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total

21、 Inorganic Chloride inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7347 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content inDenatured Ethanol by Supercritical Fluid Chromatogra-phyD7576 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and TotalAromatics in Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chr

22、omatog-raphyD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and EthanolBlends by TitrationD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and HydrocarbonBlends by Karl Fischer Titration

23、E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 G

24、overnment Regulations:United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 213United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 80California Code of Regulations, CCR Title 13, 2260 229843. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is a

25、dvised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials

26、added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later are not

27、 denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethan

28、ol, na grade of undenatured ethanol withother components common to its production (including water)that do not affect the use of the product as a component forautomotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquidhydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts ofadditi

29、ves, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline blendstock, na liquid hydrocarbon compo-nent suitable for use in spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.6.1 DiscussionExamples of gasoline blendstock in-clude natural gasoline, raffinate, reformate, conventio

30、nal gaso-line blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB), and reformu-lated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB).3.2.7 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 %by mass oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.8 oxygenate

31、an oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denaturedfuel ethanol.3.4 Abbreviations:3.4.1 CCRCalifornia Code of Regula

32、tions3.4.2 CFRU.S. Code of Federal Regulations3.4.3 DFEDenatured Fuel Ethanol3.4.4 EPAThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency3.4.5 IRSU.S. Internal Revenue Service3.4.6 RBOBreformulated blendstock for oxygenate blend-ing3.4.7 RINRenewable Identification Number3A printed copy of the Code of Federal

33、Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.htm

34、l.4California regulations are available online at http:/.D4806 1823.4.8 TTBTheAlcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureauof the U.S Department of Treasury4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is dena-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the fo

35、llowingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline.NOTE 2Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such ascorrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity(acidity as acetic acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol.Although thebase fuel ethanol may meet the a

36、cidity specification, the effect of theseadditives can produce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of the denatured fuel ethanol to verify that the base fuelethanol meets the acidity requireme

37、nts in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.4.3 For purposes of determining conformance with thespecified limits in Table 1, an observed valu

38、e or a calculatedvalue shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last righthanddigit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordancewith the rounding method of Practice E29, unless otherwisespecified.5. Denaturant and Regulatory Information5.1 General RequirementsThis specification pro

39、videsgeneral information for the denaturants to be used in denaturedfuel ethanol and the concentration of denaturant to be added.Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirements for theallowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemical compo-sition of the denaturant or concentration of de

40、naturant neededto denature the ethanol.5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants al-lowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specifica-tion are natural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks, or unleadedgasoline. Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbonsabsorbed by the denatured fu

41、el ethanol as it moves through thedistribution system is not denaturant. A jurisdiction can main-tain approved formulas to denature alcohol for fuel use.5.1.1.1 This specification is specific to denatured fuel etha-nol as a blendstock in spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturantsthat could provide sati

42、sfactory performance for other usescould cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanolformulas approved by the alcohol regulatory agency for fueluse could include denaturing materials which are not allowedby this ASTM specification. It is the denaturers responsibilityto consult the regula

43、tions to ensure legal denaturing of the fuelethanol and to ensure compliance with this specification withregard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsthe use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225 C as determined by Test Method D86, although

44、 they maybe permitted by some regulations. Some kerosines, forinstance, promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specificmention must be made of some materials that have extremelyadverse effects on fuel stability, automotive engines, and fuelsystems. These materials shall not be used as denaturan

45、ts forfuel ethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows:methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossilvegetable matter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuelstability or increase the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend t

46、ocorrode metals and attack elastomers. These effects becomemore serious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylpentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthos

47、e mentioned above. Therefore, the only denaturants thatshall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denaturer todenature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 % to 2.5 %by volume). A buyer may also ask the denaturer to certify therange used for the denaturan

48、t addition. A buyer or distributormay commingle receipts certified within the same range andprovide a certification of conformance with the product fromthat commingling. The blender may use this certification ofconformance for the product to demonstrate compliance withthe denaturant limits. If the p

49、roduct is shipped directly from adenaturer to a blender, the initial certification from the dena-turer may be used to demonstrate compliance. Compliancewith the denaturant limit cannot be determined analytically.Compliance shall be based on the information from the originaldenaturer. The maximum concentration of denaturant allowedin this specification is5%byvolume.5.2 Regulatory Information for Denaturants and DenaturedFuel Ethanol:5.2.1 Users of this specification are advised to consult withthe applicable regulatory agency f