ASTM D4254-2000(2006) Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density《土壤最低标准密度和单位重量的标准试验方法与相对密度的计算》.pdf
《ASTM D4254-2000(2006) Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density《土壤最低标准密度和单位重量的标准试验方法与相对密度的计算》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4254-2000(2006) Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density《土壤最低标准密度和单位重量的标准试验方法与相对密度的计算》.pdf(9页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4254 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Methods forMinimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils andCalculation of Relative Density1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1
3、 These test methods cover the determination of theminimum-index dry density/unit weight of cohesionless, free-draining soils. The adjective “dry” before density or unitweight is omitted in the title and remaining portions of thisstandards to be be consistent with the applicable definitionsgiven in S
4、ection 3 on Terminology.1.2 System of units:1.2.1 The testing apparatus described in this standard hasbeen developed and manufactured using values in the gravi-metric or inch-pound system. Therefore, test apparatus dimen-sions and mass given in inch-pound units are regarded as thestandard.1.2.2 It i
5、s common practice in the engineering profession toconcurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm)and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separatesystems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-tional system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine th
6、e useof two separate sets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard. This test method has been written using the gravita-tional system of units when dealing with the inch-poundsystem. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force(weight). However, balances or scales measure mass; andw
7、eight must be calculated. In the inch-pound system, it iscommon to assume that 1 lbf is equal to 1 lbm. While reportingdensity is not regarded as nonconformance with this standard,unit weights should be calculated and reported since the resultsmay be used to determine force or stress.1.2.3 The terms
8、 density and unit weight are often usedinterchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas unitweight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density isgiven only in SI units. After the density has been determined,the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.1.3 Three a
9、lternative methods are provided to determine theminimum index density/unit weight, as follows:1.3.1 Method AUsing a funnel pouring device or a handscoop to place material in mold.1.3.2 Method BDepositing material into a mold by ex-tracting a soil filled tube.1.3.3 Method C2Depositing material by inv
10、erting agraduated cylinder.1.4 The method to be used should be specified by theindividual assigning the test. If no method is specified, theprovisions of Method A shall govern. Test Method A is thepreferred procedure for determining minimum index density/unit weight as used in conjunction with the p
11、rocedures of TestMethods D 4253. Methods B and C are provided for guidanceof testing used in conjunction with special studies, especiallywhere there is not enough material available to use a 0.100 ft3(2 830 cm3) or 0.500 ft3(14 200 cm3) mold as required byMethod A.1.5 These test methods are applicab
12、le to soils that maycontain up to 15 %, by dry mass, of soil particles passing a No.200 (75-m) sieve, provided they still have cohesionless,free-draining characteristics (nominal sieve dimensions are inaccordance with Specification E11).1.5.1 MethodAis applicable to soils in which 100 %, by drymass,
13、 of soil particles pass a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and whichmay contain up to 30 %, by dry mass, of soil particles retainedona1-12-inch (37.5-mm) sieve.1.5.2 Method B is applicable to soils in which 100 %, by drymass, of soil particles pass a34-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.1.5.3 Method C is applicable only to fi
14、ne and medium sandsin which 100 %, by dry mass, of soil particles pass a38-in.(9.5-mm) sieve and which may contain up to 10 %, by drymass, of soil particles retained on a No. 10 (2.00-mm) sieve.1.5.4 Soils, for the purposes of these test methods, shall beregarded as naturally occurring cohesionless
15、soils, processedparticles, or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mix-tures of natural and processed particles, provided they arefree-draining.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Pl
16、asticityand Density Characteristics of Soils.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4254 00.2Kolbuszewski, J. J., “An Experimental Study of the Maximum and MinimumPorosities of Sands,” Proceedings, Second I
17、nternational Conference on SoilMechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rotterdam Vol I, 1948, pp. 158165.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.6 This standar
18、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
19、 Standards:C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD
20、 1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finerthan No. 200 (75-m) SieveD 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D 2488 Practi
21、ce for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Usi
22、ng a Vibratory TableD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 177 Practi
23、ce for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For common definitions in this standardrefer to Terminology D 6533.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta
24、ndard:3.2.1 dry density/unit weight rdor gd, nthe dry density/unit weight of a soil deposit or fill at the given void ratio.3.2.2 given void ratio, e, nthe in-situ or stated void ratioof a soil deposit or fill.3.2.3 maximum index density/unit weight, rddmaxor gdmax,nthe reference dry density/unit we
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