ASTM D584-1996(2005) Standard Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool-Laboratory Scale《原毛中羊毛含量的实验室标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 584 96 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forWool Content of Raw WoolLaboratory Scale1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 584; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for thedetermination of the wool base content and the clean wool fiberpresent

3、in samples of raw wool. This test method is alsoapplicable to other animal fibers such as mohair, cashmere,alpaca, and camel hair.NOTE 1Sampling of lots of raw wool in packages is covered inPractice D 1060; the determination of vegetable matter and other alkali-insoluble impurities in scoured wool i

4、s covered in Test Method D 1113;the determination of wool content on a commercial scale is covered in TestMethod D 1334. For factors for the conversion of woolbase content to itsequivalent in terms of scoured wool, top, or noil of various commerciallyspecified compositions (formerly covered in the a

5、ppendix of this testmethod), refer to Practice D 2720.NOTE 2Because of the trade practice the term weight is used in thistest method instead of the technically correct term mass.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons

6、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 584 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolLabo-rator

7、y ScaleD 1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Pack-ages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool FiberPresentD 1113 Test Method for Vegetable Matter and Other Alka-liInsoluble Impurities in Scoured WoolD 1334 Test Method for Wool Content of Raw WoolCommercial ScaleD 2525 Practice for

8、Sampling Wool for MoistureD 2720 Practice for Calculation of Commercial Weight andYield of Scoured Wool, Top, and Noil for Various Com-mercial CompositionsE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 Other Standard:IWTO-19-85 (

9、E) Method for the Determination of WoolBase, Vegetable Matter Base; IWTO Clean Wool Content;IWTO Scoured Yield in Raw Wool33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 clean wool fiber present, nin raw wool, the mass ofwool base present in the raw wool, adjusted to a moisturecontent of 12 %, an alcohol-extra

10、ctable content of 1.5 %, and amineral matter content of 0.5 %.3.1.2 other alkali-insoluble impurities, nin scoured wool,the oven-dried, ash-free, alcohol-extractives-free, alkali-insoluble substances other than vegetable matter base, such asskin, cotton or other fibers, paper, string, tag (dung) pie

11、ces, andpaint pieces, and so forth.3.1.3 oven-dried, adjthe condition of a material that hasbeen heated under prescribed conditions of temperature andhumidity until there is no further significant change in its mass.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe conditions prescribed in this testmethod are heating to 105 6

12、2C in a forced-draft ovensupplied with air from an atmosphere having a relativehumidity of 65 6 2 % at a temperature of 20 6 2C. Atemperature of 20 6 2C is used in this test method instead of21.1 6 1C because international testing is frequently in-volved.3.1.4 raw wool, nwool or hair of the sheep in

13、 the greased,pulled, or scoured state.3.1.5 vegetable matter base, nin raw wool, oven-driedscoured burrs, seeds, twigs, leaves, and grasses, free mineralmatter and alcohol-extractable matter.3.1.6 vegetable matter present, nin raw wool, the weightof vegetable matter base present in the raw wool, adj

14、usted to a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1940 . Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 5

15、84 96.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Specifications of Test Methods, International Wool Tex

16、tile Organization,International Wool Secretariat, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, U.K. LS298PB.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.moisture content of 12 %, an alcohol-extractives content of1.5 %, and a mineral matter content of

17、0.5 %.3.1.7 wool base, noven-dried scoured wool free ofalcohol-extractable matter, mineral matter, vegetable matter,and all impurities.3.1.8 yield, nin raw wool, the combined weight of cleanwool fiber present and vegetable matter present, as a percent-age of the raw wool weight .3.1.9 For definition

18、s of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The entire sample, or each test specimen drawn there-from in a specified manner, is weighed, scoured, dried, andreweighed. The oven-dry scoured wool is tested to determineits content of alcohol-

19、extractable matter, mineral matter (ash),vegetable matter base, and other alkali-insoluble impurities.The wool-base content, laboratory scoured yield, clean woolfiber present, and vegetable matter present are calculated aspercentages of the mass of the raw wool sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 This

20、 test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments since this test methodhas been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reportedtest results when using Test Method D 584 for acceptancetesting of

21、commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if thereis a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecim

22、ens that are as homogenous as possible and that arefrom a lot of the type material in question. The test specimensshould then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratoryfor testing. The average results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using Students t-test for unpaired dataand an acce

23、ptable probability level chosen by the two partiesbefore testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause mustbe found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier mustagree to interpret future test results in the light of known bias.5.2 The wool-base content of wool in any condition or for

24、mis a basic quantity. From it may be calculated commercialmasses or yields in any of the various recognized definedsystems used in international commerce (Note 1).5.2.1 The procedures for determining the wool base contentof greasy wool provided in this test method and in IWTOMethod 19-85(E) are in e

25、ssential agreement.NOTE 3This is not true for scoured wool, as IWTO Method 19-85(E)does not require rescouring of scoured wool containing less than 5%residual grease.5.3 Not all of the wool base present in a lot of raw wool canbe recovered in useful form by commercial cleaning opera-tions. The amoun

26、t of wool loss varies, depending on factorssuch as the character of the wool, the nature and percentage ofthe impurities present, the cleaning process and equipmentused, and so forth.5.4 No ASTM standard specifies or recommends any spe-cific procedure or practice for estimating anticipated loss ofwo

27、ol during commercial cleaning (or other) operations. Thefollowing statutory practice is described solely for information:5.4.1 For the purpose of duty assessment on importations ofraw wool into the United States, the Tariff Schedules of theUnited States4provides a statutory formula for calculating t

28、heallowance to be made for wool “that would ordinarily be lostduring commercial cleaning operations.” The formula is basedon the clean wool fiber present (called“ absolute clean content”in the Tariff Schedules) and on the vegetable matter present.The allowance, in terms of clean wool fiber present,

29、is equal to0.5 % of the clean wool fiber present plus 60 % of thevegetable matter present, the total allowance not to exceed15 % of the clean wool fiber present. The dutiable quantity(called “clean yield” in the Tariff Schedules) is the differencebetween the clean wool fiber present and the allowanc

30、e socalculated.6. Apparatus6.1 Subsampling EquipmentA cylindrical or rectangularchamber having a sliding cover plate by means of which woolin the chamber may be compressed, and openings in the bottomplate through which cores may be bored with a sampling tubeapproximately 12 mm in inside diameter. Th

31、e openings shall beabout 18 mm in diameter and spaced uniformly on 40 to50-mm centers over the entire plate. The volume of thechamber must be sufficient to contain the sample, but therelative dimensions are optional. For greasy wool samplesweighing 10 kg, a chamber 300 by 300 by 700 mm issatisfactor

32、y. A replaceable inner lining of soft wood or similarmaterial for the sliding cover plate is recommended to avoiddamage to the cutting edge of the sampling tube.6.1.1 Sampling TubeSimilar to that used to obtain coresamples, as described in Practice D 1060.6.2 Scouring EquipmentA scouring bowl with a

33、ccesso-ries, and a flotation jar.6.2.1 Scouring BowlA rectangular or cylindrical vessel of30 to 50-L capacity, with an attached drain board. The lowerportion of the bowl is in the shape of an inverted pyramid orcone that is connected to a sliding-disk valve and a short lengthof drain pipe. At the bo

34、ttom of the bowl, above the valve anddrain pipe, is a close-fitting, removable perforated plate(6.2.1.1). The drain pipe is centered over a No. 200 (75-m)sieve, 120 to 200 mm in diameter, supported in a catch-basin.6.2.1.1 Two Plates, one with 1 to 2-mm openings, the othersimilar plate covered on it

35、s upper surface with No. 100(150-m) woven wire cloth.6.2.1.2 Thermostatic Device, capable of delivering water tothe scouring bowl at a desired temperature with a tolerance of63C.6.2.1.3 Paddle or other Stirring Device.6.2.1.4 Spray or Shower Head with a flexible connectionfor use in rinsing.4Tariff

36、Schedules of the United States, Schedule 3. Part 1, Subpart C, Headnote1 (c).D 584 96 (2005)26.2.2 Flotation JarA glass or transparent plastic vessel of1 to 2-L capacity, approximately 200 mm tall, for separating byflotation the short wool fibers retained by the No. 200 (75-m)sieve from associated s

37、and and other heavy impurities.6.3 Wringer or Basket Centrifuge, for the removal of excesswater from the scoured sample before drying in the oven.6.3.1 Net Bag, having openings of 60 mesh (250 m) orfiner. Bags are used with a squeeze roll type of wringer or witha centrifuge.6.3.2 Metal Can, with bot

38、tom formed from 100-mesh (150-m) wire screen supported by a perforated metal plate may beused with basket centrifuges. The dimensions of the can mustbe such that the can is capable of containing the scouredsample, fitting into the centrifuge, and adaptable to the dryer.6.4 DryerA forced-draft oven o

39、r, preferably, a heated airflow-through type of dryer capable of supplying clean air at adesired temperature with a tolerance of 62C.6.5 Muffle Furnace, thermostatically controlled in the rangeof 700 6 25C.6.6 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus, medium size.7. Reagents7.1 Scouring Solution AA solution con

40、taining approxi-mately 0.3 % of soda ash (Na2CO3) and 0.1 % of soap havinga titer of not over 25C. Addition to the solution of approxi-mately 0.3 % of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphos-phate type is recommended.7.2 Scouring Solution BA solution containing approxi-mately 0.15 % of Na2CO3and 0

41、.05 % of soap having a titer ofnot over 25C.Addition to the solution of approximately 0.3 %of a lime-sequestering agent of the polyphosphate type isrecommended.NOTE 4For nonreferee tests, various scouring solutions containingnonionic detergents, with or without soda ash or builders, at varioustemper

42、atures, are sometimes used instead of Scouring Solutions A and B.7.3 Washing SolutionA solution containing approxi-mately 0.02 % of a nonionic detergent of the polyoxyethylenetype.7.4 AlcoholEither pure ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) or spe-cially denatured alcohol conforming to Formula 3Aor 30 of theU.S. B

43、ureau of Internal Revenue.8. Preparation of Sample and Test Specimens8.1 For the sampling of commercial shipments take a lotsample as directed in an applicable material specification, or asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In absence ofa material specification or other agreement, tak

44、e a lot samplefrom a lot of packaged raw wool as directed in PracticeD 1060, and take a lot sample from a lot of raw wool in bulkform as directed in Practice D 2525.8.2 WeighingDetermine the net mass, in grams, of thelaboratory sample as received to four significant figures, takingcare to avoid any

45、change in moisture content during weighing.8.2.1 Pieces of outer bale wrappers (burlap or plastic) areoccasionally present in core samples. If such material ispresent, remove and weigh it before discarding. Deduct themass of this material from the net mass of the sample asreceived (8.2) to obtain th

46、e adjusted net mass, M.8.2.2 Remove and discard, without weighing, strings andother extraneous material not containing wool or vegetablematter, that are present in substantial amount.8.3 Small SamplesIf the mass of the sample is not morethan three times the scouring capacity of the scouring bowl,tes

47、t the entire sample, in one, two, or three portions as may berequired. Consider the maximum scouring capacity of the bowlto be the mass of raw wool in grams equal to 12 times thevolume of scouring solution in litres.8.3.1 If the sample is a core sample, no further preparationis required. If it is no

48、t a core sample and consists of fibersexceeding 50 mm in length, cut the fibers with scissors or apaper cutter to less than 50-mm lengths.8.4 Large SamplesIf the mass of the sample exceeds threetimes the scouring capacity of the bowl (8.3), prepare testspecimens by subsampling as follows:8.4.1 Place

49、 the sample in the chamber of the subsamplingdevice (6.1), compress to a density of 0.2 to 0.3 g/cm3, and takea full-length core through each opening of the plate.8.4.2 Open the chamber, redistribute the wool, compressand take a second test specimen as in 8.4.1. Repeat 8.4.2 untilthe desired mass of core samples are obtained.8.4.3 Remove, weigh, and retain the remainder of thesample in an airtight container for use in drawing additionaltest specimens, if necessary or desired.8.4.4 Weigh the blended core samples into individual testportions