ASTM D2062-2003(2009) Standard Test Methods for Operability of Zippers《拉链可用性的试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 2062 03 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Methods forOperability of Zippers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2062; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determiningthe following characteristics of zippers:SectionsOpening and Closing of Zippers 14-17Separ

3、ator Functioning of Zippers 18-22Sticking of Zippers at Stops 10-131.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.

4、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 2050 Terminology Relating to Subassem

5、bliesD 2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers toLaunderingD 2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-cleaningD 2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to LightD 2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes toCrockingD 2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper

6、s to Laun-deringD 2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers toDrycleaningD 2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray(Fog)D 2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper DimensionsD 2061 Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions

7、of zipper terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 2050. For definitions of othertextile terminology used in these test methods, refer to Termi-nology D 123.4. Significance and Use4.1 The significance of specific tests is discussed in theappropriate sections.4.2 These test methods are

8、 considered satisfactory for ac-ceptance testing of commercial shipments of zippers becausethe methods have been used extensively in the trade for thispurpose, even though current estimates of between-laboratoryprecision are quite large in some cases.4.2.1 If there are differences of practical signi

9、ficance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that areas homogeneous as possible, that are draw

10、n from the materialfrom which the disparate test results were obtained, and thatare randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statist

11、ical test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in TestMethods D 2051, D

12、 2052, D 2053, D 2054, D 2057, D 2058,D 2059, D 2060, and D 2061 are a collection of proven testmethods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zipperswithout the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. Theenumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation ofall zipper properties. Be

13、sides those properties measured by1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassem-blies. The methods were developed in cooperation with the Slide Fastener Assn.,Inc.Current edition approved July 1, 2

14、009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2062 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan

15、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance ofa zipper. Test m

16、ethods for measuring those properties have notbeen published either because no practical methods have yetbeen developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires anintimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.5. Apparatus5.1 Force Indicator3

17、(Fig. 1)A 50-N or 10-lbf capacityforce indicator equipped with a direct-reading dial graduated in0.5-N or 0.1-lbf divisions, a maximum-reading indicator, and aclamp suitable for attaching the zipper tape ends to theindicator.5.2 SpacerA piece of metal designed to fit in the pincavity of the fixed re

18、tainer of the specimen and having a lengthequal to the element pitch of the specimen.5.3 Hooks, suitable for attaching the force indicator to theslider pull of a specimen.6. Sampling6.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of individual containers from eachshipp

19、ing carton as directed in an applicable material specifi-cation or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider individual containers from each shippingcarton to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requ

20、ires taking into account the variability betweenshipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptablequality level, and limiting quality level.6.2 Laboratory Sample and Test SpecimensAs a labora-tory sample for acce

21、ptance testing, take a number of zippersspecified in Section 6 at random from each container in the lotsample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample andthe test specimens.7. Number of Specimens7.1 VariablesTake a number of zippers per individualcontainer from each shipping carton such t

22、hat the user mayexpect at the 90 % probability level that the test result for anindividual container is no more than 10 % of the average aboveor below the true average for the individual container. Deter-mine the number of zippers per individual container as follows:7.1.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen

23、there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive past records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory as directed in themethod, calculate the number of specimens using Eq 1:n 5 t23 v2!/A25 0.0270 3 v2(1)where:n = number of specimens (rounded upward to a wholenumber),v = reliable est

24、imate of the coefficient of variation ofindividual observations on similar materials in theusers laboratory under conditions of single-operator precision,t = 1.645, the value of students t for infinite degreesof freedom, for two-sided limits, and a 90 %probability level (t2= 2.706),A = 10.0 % of the

25、 average, the value of the allowablevariation, and0.0270 = value calculated from t2/A2.7.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectly. Instead, specify the fixed numbers of specimensshown in Table 1. These numbers of sp

26、ecimens are calculatedusing values of v which are listed in Table 1 and which aresomewhat larger values of v than are usually found in practice.3Drawings for the force indicator fixture shown is available from the variouszipper manufacturers upon request.FIG. 1 Slider Sticking on Bottom StopTABLE 1

27、Specimens Required Under Conditions of UnknownVariability in Users Laboratory, Percent of the AverageNames of the PropertiesNumber ofSpecimensBasisASticking at top stops 47 n = 41.3Sticking at bottom stops 32 n = 34.4Opening zipper 15 n = 23.4Closing zipper 27 n = 31.1Force to move slider, pin fully

28、 seated 43 n = 39.5AThe values of n in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will usually be found inpractice (see 7.1.2).D 2062 03 (2009)2When a reliable estimate of v for the users laboratory becomesavailable, Eq 1 will usually require fewer specimens than arelisted in Table 1.7.2 Attribute PropertiesU

29、nless otherwise agreed upon, aswhen specified in an applicable material specification, take thefixed number of 20 specimens for detecting slider movementwith the pin partially seated or not seated.8. Test Specimen8.1 Each test specimen shall consist of a completely as-sembled zipper, except that for

30、 the opening and closingmethod, a length of chain with an appropriate slider may beused. Use a zipper or chain not less than 150 mm (6 in.) long.9. Conditioning9.1 Specimens to be tested by the use of these methods needno special conditioning. Testing may be conducted underprevailing room conditions

31、.STICKING OF ZIPPERS AT STOPS10. Summary of Test Method10.1 The slider is pulled against the stops with a prescribedforce after which the force required to move the slider awayfrom the stops is determined.11. Significance and Use11.1 The slider should move away from the stops readily.The force requi

32、red to move the slider is, therefore, a measure-ment of the serviceability of the zipper in end use applications.12. Procedure12.1 Top Stop:12.1.1 Disengage any interfering slider-locking elements.Secure the bottom tape ends of the completely assembled andopen zipper in the clamp of the force indica

33、tor as shown in Fig.1. Locate the clamp edge approximately 10 mm (38 in.) fromthe outermost edge of the bottom stop. With the force indicatorset at zero, hold the pull of the slider in a horizontal plane andmove the slider manually downward in a vertical plane againstor over the top stops until a fo

34、rce of 18 N (4 lbf) is registeredon the force indicator. Remove the specimen from the indicatorclamps.12.1.2 Secure the top tape ends of the completely assembledand closed zipper in the clamp of the force indicator. Locate theclamp jaws 10 mm (38 in.) from the outermost component. Thetape ends must

35、touch each other at the point of clamping.12.1.3 Set the force indicator hand at zero. Hold the pull ofthe slider in a horizontal plane and move the slider manuallydownward in a vertical plane until it is clear of the top stops.Record the maximum reading on the force indicator to thenearest 0.5 N or

36、 0.1 lbf.12.2 Bottom Stop:12.2.1 With the tape ends clamped as shown in Fig. 2, setthe force indicator at zero. Move the slider downward in avertical plane until it is against or over the bottom stop anduntil a force of 18 N (4 lbf) is registered on the force indicator.12.2.2 Without disturbing the

37、slider, secure the bottom tapeends of the specimen in the clamp of the force indicator (seeFig. 1) approximately 10 mm (38 in.) from the outermost edgeof the bottom stop. Hold the pull of the slider in a horizontalplane and move the slider manually downward in a verticalplane until it is clear of th

38、e bottom stop. Note and record themaximum reading on the force indicator to the nearest 0.5 N or0.1 lbf.13. Report13.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSections 10-13 of ASTM Test Methods D 2062. Describe thematerial(s) or product(s) sampled and the method of samplingused.13.2 Repo

39、rt the following information:13.2.1 Specific property measured, that is, “sticking at topstops”, or “sticking at bottom stops,”13.2.2 Observed maximum force required to move theslider from the top stops or from the bottom stops for eachspecimen tested, and13.2.3 Number of specimens tested.OPENING AN

40、D CLOSING OF ZIPPERS14. Summary of Test Method14.1 Using a force indicator, the slider is pulled along thezipper chain alternately in the opening and closing directionsand the force required to maintain each movement is recorded.FIG. 2 Slider Sticking on Top StopsD 2062 03 (2009)315. Significance an

41、d Use15.1 The force required to move the slider on the chain is ameasure of the ease with which the zipper will operate in enduse applications.16. Procedure16.1 Opening:16.1.1 Disengage all slider locks from the chain, except onautomatic locking sliders. Secure the top end of the completelyassembled

42、 and closed zipper or chain in the clamp of the forceindicator (see Fig. 3) so that the outermost edge of theoutermost top stop is approximately 10 mm (38 in.) from theedge of the clamp. Hold the pull of the slider in a horizontalplane and move the slider downward manually to a positionapproximately

43、 12 mm (0.5 in.) away from the top stops asshown in Fig. 3.16.1.2 In the case of a chain specimen, separate a portion ofthe chain above the slider and secure it in the force indicatorclamp with the elements touching. Position the slider so that itstop is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) below the bottom

44、edges ofthe clamp.16.1.3 Set the force indicator at zero. Holding the pull of theslider in a horizontal position, manually move the sliderdownward in a vertical plane at a uniform rate for a distance ofabout 125 mm (5 in.) in approximately 3 s. Take care that theslider does not strike the bottom sto

45、p. Record the maximumforce registered by the force indicator to the nearest 0.5 N or0.1 lbf.16.2 ClosingProceed as directed in 16.1, except securethe bottom tape ends in the force indicator clamps (see Fig. 4).In the case of a chain specimen, it is not necessary to separatethe chain below the slider

46、 before clamping.17. Report17.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSections 14-17 of ASTM Test Methods D 2062. Describe thematerial(s) or product(s) sampled and the method of samplingused.17.2 Report the following information:17.2.1 Specific property measured, that is, to open and to

47、close the zipper,17.2.2 Maximum forces required for opening zipper and forclosing zipper for each specimen tested, and17.2.3 Number of specimens tested.SEPARATOR FUNCTIONING OF ZIPPERS18. Summary of Test Method18.1 The slider, chain, and separable unit are placed invarious relationships to each othe

48、r and the force required tomove the slider is determined with the aid of a force indicator.19. Significance and Use19.1 The slider should be capable of starting to close thezipper at the separator unit only when the pin is properly seatedin the retainer. If the slider can close the zipper when the p

49、in isnot properly seated, the zipper is poorly designed or assembledand is subject to failure in the end product.FIG. 3 Chain OpeningFIG. 4 Chain ClosingD 2062 03 (2009)420. Procedure20.1 Force to Move Slider, Pin Fully SeatedSeparate thetwo stringers of the zipper specimen. Hold the stringer towhich the retainer is attached in a vertical position (with theright hand). Place the slider in the normal position abutting theretainer (with the left hand) as shown in Fig. 5. Insert the pinthrough the slider throat and hold it in the fully-seated position.Attach th