ASTM D1799-2003a Standard Practice for Carbon Black&8212 Sampling Packaged Shipments《炭黑的标准规程 包装装运物的抽样》.pdf

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1、Designation: D 1799 03aStandard Practice forCarbon BlackSampling Packaged Shipments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the sampling of packaged carbonblacks for

3、shipment in bags, cartons, flexible immediate bulkcontainers (FIBC), or other non-bulk packages.NOTE 1The tests to be made on the samples obtained by this practiceshall be determined by the producer and the consumer. The specific detailsof each test method are described in appropriate ASTM methods u

4、sed fortesting carbon black.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st

5、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1509 Test Method for Carbon Black-Heating Loss2D 5817 Practice for Carbon Black, PelletedReduction,Blending, and Drying Gro

6、ss Samples for Testing23. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is for use in obtaining representativesamples of carbon black from the packages in the shipment.These samples are used to determine the average quality orvariability of the shipment.4. Apparatus4.1 Sample Splitter, riffle-type (see Prac

7、tice D 5817 forequipment information).4.2 Sample Containers, airtight, 4 dm3(1-gal) capacity.4.3 Scoop, sample.5. General5.1 Packaged shipments of carbon blacks most often consistof 11.35kg (25lb), 22.7-kg (50-lb), 25kg (55lb), or 50kg(110lb) bags. Flexible intermediate bulk containers usuallyrange

8、in size from 180 kg (396 lb) to 1300 kg (2860 lb). Thispractice may be applied to bags or FIBCs of other sizes. Thesepackages are loaded into vans in definite patterns agreed uponby the producer and the consumer. These may be in the form ofunit loads, stacks, or individual FIBCs. In each case, aship

9、ment involves a given number of packages, units, tiers, ormass.5.2 Samples are taken to evaluate conformance to specifiedrequirements. Multiple samples may be taken to evaluateconformance or uniformity, or both, of a lot. The number ofsamples, their location within the lot, and the quantity of thesa

10、mples is determined by the purpose for taking the samples.Alot shall be sampled as prescribed at the point of manufactureor at the receiving point as agreed upon by the producer and theconsumer. Samples may be taken from the packages as loadedor as received. Each sample taken shall represent a unit,

11、 lot, orapproximately equal mass of material. Generally, it is desirableto take one sample to represent each 5000 kg (11 000 lb)increment of the lot. For smaller lot sizes being sampled foruniformity, three samples representing approximately equalmasses are recommended. If the uniformity of the lot

12、is suspector unknown, more samples may be required. For lots withknown acceptable uniformity, one sample may be sufficient.5.3 The size of the individual sample taken shall be deter-mined by the purpose for taking the sample; the quantityneeded to perform the expected test(s) with enough to repeat a

13、test, if needed; whether the sample will be tested individuallyor in a composite; and the quantity needed for blending. For allsamples except those taken directly from a bag, a minimum of4dm3(1 gal) is recommended. The 4 dm3(1 gal) minimumsample size is recommended because pelleted carbon blackstend

14、 to stratify. When sampling directly from an individualbag, the mass removed must be small enough that it does notadversely affect the final mass remaining in the bag to renderit unsuitable for use.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct respon

15、sibility of Subcommittee D24.61 on Carbon BlackSampling and Statistical Analysis.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1799 03.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 10

16、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2Pellet quality tests may be erroneous due to a local or spottycondition unless the samples are blended through the sample splitter asdescribed in Practice D 5817.6. Sample Preparation and Handling6.1 Store the sa

17、mples in airtight containers until the tests arecompleted. This is especially critical if the samples are to betested for Heating Loss (see Test Method D 1509).6.2 Handle samples collected for the determination of pelletquality with discretion to avoid pellet breakdown.6.3 If individual samples are

18、taken for testing indepen-dently, prepare the samples in accordance with PracticeD 5817. This is particularly important if pellet quality tests areto be made on the sample. It is highly recommended that themean quality of the shipment be calculated from the individualsamples. This will provide mean

19、quality, and maximum andminimum variations.6.4 If individual samples are composited, prepare thesample(s) for testing in accordance with Practice D 5817.7. Procedure7.1 In the absence of an agreed upon sampling patternbetween the producer and the consumer, the following sam-pling pattern per shipmen

20、t is recommended with the assump-tion that the lot was produced and packaged under conditionsto insure acceptable lot uniformity. If the uniformity of the lotis suspect or unknown, the number of samples taken should beincreased.7.1.1 Bags:7.1.1.1 One or more bags but less than a full unit: onesample

21、 from one bag.7.1.1.2 One to four units: one sample from one unit.7.1.1.3 Five to eight units: at least three samples represent-ing the first, middle, and last units.7.1.1.4 More than eight units: sample the first, sixth,twelfth, eighteenth, and if available, twenty-fourth units.7.1.2 FIBCs:7.1.2.1

22、One to four FIBCs: one sample from one FIBC.7.1.2.2 Five to eight FIBCs: at least three samples repre-senting the first, middle, and last FIBCs.7.1.2.3 More than eight FIBCs:(a) FIBCs weighing 500 kg (1100 lb) or less, sample thefirst, tenth, twentieth, thirtieth, and if available, fortieth FIBC.(b)

23、 FIBCs weighing more than 500 kg (1100 lb), sample thefirst, sixth, twelfth, eighteenth, and if available, twenty-fourthFIBC.7.2 Bag Sampling:7.2.1 Method AUsing a scoop, remove the sample fortesting from a representative portion of the bag after carefullyremoving at least a 25mm (1in.) thickness of

24、 surfacematerial, or more if needed, to reach the mass of interest fromthe position sampled (see 5.3).7.2.2 Method BThe sample mass may be collected fromthe flowing stream (“as loaded”) while the bag is being filled.7.2.3 Method CUse a scoop sized to fit the bag loadingsprout to remove the sample ma

25、ss (see 5.3).7.3 FIBC Sampling:7.3.1 Method AUse a scoop to removea4dm3(1 gal)sample. The sample should not be taken from material directlyunder the loading spout due to the possible presence ofdisproportionately high fines created by the loading equipment.Using the scoop, move aside about 100 mm (4

26、 in.) of the topmaterial at the selected sample site before removing the samplematerial.7.3.2 Method BA sample thief may be used to samplematerial from the FIBC. The thief must be able to sample atleast 150 mm (6 in.) below the surface. It may be necessary touse the thief several times to collect th

27、e 4 dm3(1 gal) sample.7.3.3 Method CThe sample mass may be collected fromthe flowing stream (“as loaded”) while the FIBC is being filled.7.4 Test the sample(s) thus obtained from the package(s) ofcarbon black singly or composited, as agreed upon by theproducer and consumer. In the absence of an agre

28、ed upontesting plan between the producer and the consumer, test eachsample individually, except for those tests where the carbonblack is mixed with rubber for testing. For those tests, acomposite sample is acceptable.8. Report8.1 In the absence of an agreed upon reporting formatbetween the producer

29、and the consumer, the report of testsmade on the material shall be the average of all samples testedfor each test.NOTE 3The report of the tests shall include details as required in theappropriate ASTM methods used for testing carbon black.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision and bias are not applicabl

30、e to this practice,since it does not produce quantitative data.10. Keywords10.1 bags; carbon black; cartons; flexible intermediate bulkcontainer (FIBC); sampling of packaged shipmentsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite

31、m mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical comm

32、ittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a m

33、eeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive

34、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1799 03a2