ASTM D123-2015 Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles《纺织品相关标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: D123 13a1D123 15Standard Terminology Relating toTextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indi

2、cates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTEUpdated editorially in October 2014.1. Scope1.1 This standard is the compilation

3、of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.1.1.1 This terminology, consists mostly of definitions, which are specific to the textile industry. Meanings of the same termsused outside the textile industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.1.1.2 The s

4、pecific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has jurisdictional responsibility for every item is the first attribution notedafter the definition. The SC terminology standard in which all the terms and definitions appear is listed by number after thejurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entry cannot be

5、 changed without the approval of the subcommittee which hasjurisdiction. Users of this compilation should also review the SC terminology standard listed for more details or interpretations ofthese terms and their use by the SC having jurisdiction.1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Te

6、rminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committees terminology.This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept aredefined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more ter

7、ms.1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managingterminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subco

8、mmittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that arelisted in the order in which they appear.1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.1.4

9、.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Sta

10、ndards:2D2050 Terminology Relating to Fasteners and Closures Used with TextilesD3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather ProductsD3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning SystemsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4391 Terminology Relating to T

11、he Burning Behavior of TextilesD4845 Terminology Relating to WoolD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of

12、 ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 15, 2013April 1, 2015. Published July 2013May 2015. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asD123 13D123 13a1A DOI: 10.1520/D0123-13AE01.1

13、0.1520/D0123-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is

14、intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the c

15、urrent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal PropertiesD5219 Terminology

16、 Relating to Body Dimensions for Apparel SizingD5253 Terminology Relating to Floor Coverings and Textile Upholstered FurnitureD5646 Terminology Relating to Seams and Stitches Used in Home SewingD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose

17、 Reinforcing Wire, and FabricsD6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and LinenD6799 Terminology Relating to Inflatable RestraintsD6963 Terminology Relating to Sewn Products AutomationD7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its ProductsD7022 Terminology Relating to ApparelD7023 Terminology Relating

18、 to Home FurnishingsD7139 Terminology for Cotton FibersD7722 Terminology Relating to Industrial Textile Stitches and Seams3. Terminology3.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with subcommittee jurisdiction and attribution for each term.A-tuft, na single-pass process for aligning hook free fibers on the F

19、ibroliner FL-101. D 13.11 D7139abrasion, nthe wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface. D13.60 D4850abrasion, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a fuzzy cluster of broken filaments damaged by scraping. D13.20 D6799abrasion cycle, none complete movement across the sur

20、face of a material. D13.60 D4850abrasion mark, nan area damaged by friction. D13.59 D3990absolute humidity, nthe mass of water vapor present in a unit volume of air. (See humidity and relative humidity)D13.51 D4920absorbent compound, nin textile cleaning, sponge-like particles which, when saturated

21、with water or dry solvent and detergentand brushed into the textile, remove soil from the textile. See powder cleaner. D13.62 D5253absorbent pad, nfor cleaning textile floor coverings, a damp textile material (fabric, felt, sponge, or mop) used to agitate andwipe the pile and, in the process, absorb

22、 soil. D13.62 D5253absorption, na process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the absorption ofmoisture by fibers. (See also adsorption, and moisture equilibrium for testing. Compare desorption and resorption.)D13.51 D4920accelerated aging, nin texti

23、le processing and testing, the use of controlled environmental conditions to promote rapid physicalor chemical change in a textile material. D13.20 D6799acid content, nof felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribedconditions. D13.13 D4845ac

24、romion, nin anatomy, that part of the shoulder blade located at the end of the spine which articulates with the collar bone.(See also shoulder joint.) D13.55 D5219across back shoulder width, nthe horizontal distance across the back from the top of one shoulder joint to the top of the othershoulder j

25、oint, taken with the arms down. D13.55 D5219across front shoulder width, nthe horizontal distance across the front from the top of one shoulder joint to the top of the othershoulder joint, taken with the arms down. D13.55) D5219across shoulder, nin body measurements, the distance from shoulder joint

26、 to shoulder joint across the back. D13.55 D5219acrylic fiberSee acrylic in D7641.adhesion, nthe property denoting the ability of a material to resist delamination or separation into two or more layers.D13.19 D6477adhesion, nin tire fabrics, the force required to separate a textile material from rub

27、ber or other elastomer by a definite prescribedmethod. D13.19 D6477adhesive treated-tire cord, na tire cord whose adhesion to rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the application ofa dip followed by rapid drying and (normally) additional heat treatment. D13.19 D6477D123 152adsorption, na p

28、rocess in which the surface of a solid takes on or absorbs in an extremely thin layer molecules of gases, ofdissolved substances, or of liquids with which it is in contact. (See also absorption, moisture equilibrium of testing. Comparedesorption and resorption.) D13.51 D4920afterflame, npersistent f

29、laming of a material after the ignition source has been removed. D13.92 D4391after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.D13.92 D4391afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal of an external ignition source or after t

30、he cessation (natural or induced) offlaming of the material. (See also flame, glow, and smoldering.) D13.92 D4391afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues after the cessation of flaming or after removal of the ignition source.D13.92 D4391air-jet spinning machine, na machine that converts slivers

31、 of staple fibers into spun yarn using drafting rollers and a vortexcreated by an airflow suction orifice. D13.58 D3888air permeability, nthe rate of air flow passing perpendicular through a known area under a prescribed air pressure differentialbetween the two surfaces of a material. D13.60 D4850ai

32、r splice, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, the thicker portion of a yarn resulting from the entanglement of the filaments at theends of two multifilament yarns to create a continuous yarn. D13.20 D6799air-supported roof, na fabric roof-system that is properly secured and primarily supported and he

33、ld in place by air pressure.D13.59/D13.60 D4850air wicking, nin tires, the passage of air longitudinally along or through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and cured inrubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in the plane of the fabric. D13.19 D6477alkali solubility, nin wool, the

34、percent of clean wool that is soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled conditionsof temperature and time. D13.13 D4845all-purpose,All-purpose, nan outerwear garment, often with a removable lining,liner, which is suitable for use in many differentweather conditions. D13.61 D7022alpac

35、a, nthe fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). D13.13 D4845alternate grade reference line, nan optional internal line whose orientation is used for the “x” axis of a grade rule. D13.66D6963American grain count, n direct yarn numbering system for exp

36、ressing linear density, equal to the mass in grains per 120 yardsof sliver or roving. D13.58 D4849amount, nin cotton fiber testing with the Length Analyzer, a measure of the thickness or pneumatic density of the test beard,proportional to the number of fibers present at various distances from the ba

37、se of the specimen clamp jaws. D13.11 D7139amount, nin cotton length testing with the Fibrograph, a measure of the thickness, or optical density, of the test beard,proportional to the number of fibers present at various distances from the comb(s). D13.11 D7139anidex fiberSee anidex in D7641.animal f

38、iber, nany natural protein-base fiber. See D7641.ankle, nin anatomy, the joint between the foot and the lower leg. D13.55 D5219ankle girth, nin body measurements, the circumference of the leg over the greatest prominence of the ankle. D13.55 D5219ankle height, nin body measurements, with the subject

39、 standing barefoot, the distance from the center of the prominent outsideankle bone to the floor. D13.55 D5219ankle height (infant special case), nthe straight distance from the prominence of the outer ankle bone to the soles of the feet,taken with subject lying down flat with legs extended and the

40、foot positioned at 1.57 rad (90) to the leg. D13.55 D5219annotation text, noptional user text that can be specifically defined and displayed when the pattern piece is plotted. D13.66D6963apex, nthe greatest protrusion of the breast as seen from the side. D13.53 D5219aqueous extract, nin wool testing

41、, the solution obtained by digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride solutionto dissolve soluble materials. D13.13 D4845D123 153aramid fiberSee aramid in D7641.architectural-use, nin the building trade, a descriptive term for fabrics used in fabric roof-systems or similar industriala

42、pplications. (See also fabric roof-system.)D13.59 D4850arm length, nin body measurements, with the arm bent at 90 degrees and the clenched fist placed on the hip, the distance fromthe shoulder joint along the outside of the arm over the elbow to the greatest prominence on the outside of the wrist.D1

43、3.55 D5219armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garment through which the arm passes or into which a sleeve is fitted.(Compare armscye.) D13.55 D5219armpit, nin anatomy, the hollow under the junction of the arm and the shoulder. D13.55 D5219armscye, nin garment construction, the opening i

44、n a garment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (Compare armhole.)D13.55 D5219armscye circumference, nin body measurements, with the arm hanging down, the distance from the shoulder joint through thefront-break point, the armpit, the back-break point and to the starting point. D13.55 D5219assembl

45、ed button, na decorative button consisting of combinations of similar or dissimilar materials, such as plastic and metalor metal and metal, which have been joined together by such processes as gluing, swedging or metal stamping. D13.54D2050atmosphere for testing, nair at ambient conditions of relati

46、ve humidity and temperature in which tests or experiments areconducted. (See also standard atmosphere for testing.) D13.51 D4920atmosphere for testing textiles, nfor glass, air maintained at a relative humidity of at least 48 % and no greater than 67 % andat a temperature of at least 20C (68F) and n

47、o greater than 25C (77F). D13.18 D7018attached cushion, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a material, bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floor covering toprovide additional dimensional stability, thickness, and padding. D13.21 D5684attached upholstery fabric, nthe exterior fabric covering

48、 secured to a furniture unit by the furniture manufacturer or customupholsterer. (See furniture coverings) D13.63 D7023automatic lock slider, na slider that provides involuntary, positive locking action on the chain when the pull is releasedrestricting the movement of the slider to open the chain un

49、less a stress is applied through the stringers that exceeds the lockingcapacity of the slider. D13.54 D2050average dynamic air permeability (ADAP), nfor inflatable restraints, the average of all of DAP measurements within aspecified range of pressure differentials. D13.20 D6799average fiber diameter, nthe arithmetic mean width of a group of fibers. D13.13 D4845average fiber diameter, nin wool and o