ASTM D123-2013ae1 Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles《有关纺织材料的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: D123 13a1Standard Terminology Relating toTextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t

2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated editorially in October 2014.1. Scope1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Committee D13 on Textiles.1.1.1 This terminology, consists most

3、ly of definitions,which are specific to the textile industry. Meanings of the sameterms used outside the textile industry can be found in othercompilations or in dictionaries of general usage.1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has juris-dictional responsibility for every item is the firs

4、t attributionnoted after the definition. The SC terminology standard inwhich all the terms and definitions appear is listed by numberafter the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entrycannot be changed without the approval of the subcommitteewhich has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation

5、 should alsoreview the SC terminology standard listed for more details orinterpretations of these terms and their use by the SC havingjurisdiction.1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminol-ogy D123 is also a tool for managing the committeesterminology. This includes finding, elimin

6、ating, and preventingredundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating thesame concept are defined in different words. Redundancies canalso occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsi-bility of the terminology subcommittee,

7、 the concept of man-aging terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer ofstandards, specifically the task group leader and subcommitteechairman.1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommitteecompilations, this standard is comprised of the followingsections that are listed in the orde

8、r in which they appear.1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followedby SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 StandardsThat Have Be

9、en Withdrawn.1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2050 Terminology Relating to Fasteners and ClosuresUsed with TextilesD3136 Terminology Relatin

10、g to Care Labeling for Apparel,Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather ProductsD3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning SystemsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesD4845 Terminology Relating to WoolD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Defor

11、mation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical,and Thermal PropertiesD5219 Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions for Ap-parel SizingD5253 Terminolo

12、gy Relating to Floor Coverings and TextileUpholstered FurnitureD5646 Terminology Relating to Seams and Stitches Used inHome SewingD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, HoseReinforcing Wire, and FabricsD6798 Terminology Relating to Flax

13、and LinenD6799 Terminology Relating to Inflatable RestraintsD6963 Terminology Relating to Sewn Products AutomationD7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Products1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13

14、.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D123 13A. DOI:10.1520/D0123-13AE01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast

15、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7022 Terminology Relating to ApparelD7023 Terminology Relatin

16、g to Home FurnishingsD7139 Terminology for Cotton FibersD7722 Terminology Relating to Industrial Textile Stitchesand Seams3. Terminology3.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with subcommittee juris-diction and attribution for each term.A-tuft, na single-pass process for aligning hook free fiberson the F

17、ibroliner FL-101. D 13.11 D7139abrasion, nthe wearing away of any part of a material byrubbing against another surface. D13.60 D4850abrasion, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a fuzzy cluster ofbroken filaments damaged by scraping. D13.20 D6799abrasion cycle, none complete movement across the surfa

18、ceof a material. D13.60 D4850abrasion mark, nan area damaged by friction.D13.59 D3990absolute humidity, nthe mass of water vapor present in aunit volume of air. (See humidity and relative humidity)D13.51 D4920absorbent compound, nin textile cleaning, sponge-likeparticles which, when saturated with w

19、ater or dry solventand detergent and brushed into the textile, remove soil fromthe textile. See powder cleaner. D13.62 D5253absorbent pad, nfor cleaning textile floor coverings, a damptextile material (fabric, felt, sponge, or mop) used to agitateand wipe the pile and, in the process, absorb soil.D1

20、3.62 D5253absorption, na process in which one material (the absorbent)takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the absorptionof moisture by fibers. (See also adsorption, and moistureequilibrium for testing. Compare desorption andresorption.) D13.51 D4920accelerated aging, nin textile processi

21、ng and testing, the useof controlled environmental conditions to promote rapidphysical or chemical change in a textile material.D13.20 D6799acid content, nof felt, the number of milliequivalents of acidpresent per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribedconditions. D13.13 D4845acromion, nin an

22、atomy, that part of the shoulder bladelocated at the end of the spine which articulates with thecollar bone. (See also shoulder joint.) D13.55 D5219across back shoulder width, nthe horizontal distance acrossthe back from the top of one shoulder joint to the top of theother shoulder joint, taken with

23、 the arms down. D13.55D5219across front shoulder width, nthe horizontal distance acrossthe front from the top of one shoulder joint to the top of theother shoulder joint, taken with the arms down. D13.55)D5219across shoulder, nin body measurements, the distance fromshoulder joint to shoulder joint a

24、cross the back.D13.55 D5219acrylic fiberSee acrylic in D7641.adhesion, nthe property denoting the ability of a material toresist delamination or separation into two or more layers.D13.19 D6477adhesion, nin tire fabrics, the force required to separate atextile material from rubber or other elastomer

25、by a definiteprescribed method. D13.19 D6477adhesive treated-tire cord, na tire cord whose adhesion torubber or other elastomer has been improved by the appli-cation of a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally)additional heat treatment. D13.19 D6477adsorption, na process in which the surface of

26、a solid takeson or absorbs in an extremely thin layer molecules of gases,of dissolved substances, or of liquids with which it is incontact. (See also absorption, moisture equilibrium oftesting. Compare desorption and resorption.)D13.51 D4920afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after the ign

27、i-tion source has been removed. D13.92 D4391after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a materialcontinues to flame after the ignition source has been re-moved. D13.92 D4391afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal of anexternal ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced)

28、of flaming of the material. (See also flame, glow,and smoldering.) D13.92 D4391afterglow time, nthe time afterglow continues after thecessation of flaming or after removal of the ignition source.D13.92 D4391air-jet spinning machine, na machine that converts sliversof staple fibers into spun yarn usi

29、ng drafting rollers and avortex created by an airflow suction orifice. D13.58D3888air permeability, nthe rate of air flow passing perpendicularthrough a known area under a prescribed air pressuredifferential between the two surfaces of a material.D13.60 D4850air splice, nfor inflatable restraint fab

30、rics, the thickerportion of a yarn resulting from the entanglement of thefilaments at the ends of two multifilament yarns to create acontinuous yarn. D13.20 D6799air-supported roof, na fabric roof-system that is properlysecured and primarily supported and held in place by airpressure. D13.59/D13.60

31、D4850air wicking, nin tires, the passage of air longitudinally alongor through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and curedin rubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in theplane of the fabric. D13.19 D6477D123 13a12alkali solubility, nin wool, the percent of clean wool that issolub

32、le in a specified alkaline solution under controlledconditions of temperature and time. D13.13 D4845all-purpose, nan outerwear garment, often with a removablelining, which is suitable for use in many different weatherconditions. D13.61 D7022alpaca, nthe fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, anani

33、mal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus).D13.13 D4845alternate grade reference line, nan optional internal linewhose orientation is used for the “x” axis of a grade rule.D13.66 D6963American grain count, n direct yarn numbering system forexpressing linear density, equal to the mass in grains per 12

34、0yards of sliver or roving. D13.58 D4849amount, nin cotton fiber testing with the Length Analyzer,ameasure of the thickness or pneumatic density of the testbeard, proportional to the number of fibers present at variousdistances from the base of the specimen clamp jaws.D13.11 D7139amount, nin cotton

35、length testing with the Fibrograph,ameasure of the thickness, or optical density, of the test beard,proportional to the number of fibers present at variousdistances from the comb(s). D13.11 D7139anidex fiberSee anidex in D7641.animal fiber, nany natural protein-base fiber. See D7641.ankle, nin anato

36、my, the joint between the foot and the lowerleg. D13.55 D5219ankle girth, nin body measurements, the circumference ofthe leg over the greatest prominence of the ankle.D13.55 D5219ankle height, nin body measurements, with the subjectstanding barefoot, the distance from the center of theprominent outs

37、ide ankle bone to the floor. D13.55 D5219ankle height (infant special case), nthe straight distancefrom the prominence of the outer ankle bone to the soles ofthe feet, taken with subject lying down flat with legsextended and the foot positioned at 1.57 rad (90) to the leg.D13.55 D5219annotation text

38、, noptional user text that can be specificallydefined and displayed when the pattern piece is plotted.D13.66 D6963apex, nthe greatest protrusion of the breast as seen from theside. D13.53 D5219aqueous extract, nin wool testing, the solution obtained bydigesting a material with water or with a sodium

39、 chloridesolution to dissolve soluble materials. D13.13 D4845aramid fiberSee aramid in D7641.architectural-use, nin the building trade, a descriptive termfor fabrics used in fabric roof-systems or similar industrialapplications. (See also fabric roof-system.)D13.59 D4850arm length, nin body measurem

40、ents, with the arm bent at 90degrees and the clenched fist placed on the hip, the distancefrom the shoulder joint along the outside of the arm over theelbow to the greatest prominence on the outside of the wrist.D13.55 D5219armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garmentthrough which the ar

41、m passes or into which a sleeve is fitted.(Compare armscye.) D13.55 D5219armpit, nin anatomy, the hollow under the junction of thearm and the shoulder. D13.55 D5219armscye, nin garment construction, the opening in a gar-ment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (Comparearmhole.) D13.55 D5219armscy

42、e circumference, nin body measurements, with thearm hanging down, the distance from the shoulder jointthrough the front-break point, the armpit, the back-breakpoint and to the starting point. D13.55 D5219assembled button, na decorative button consisting of com-binations of similar or dissimilar mate

43、rials, such as plasticand metal or metal and metal, which have been joinedtogether by such processes as gluing, swedging or metalstamping. D13.54 D2050atmosphere for testing, nair at ambient conditions ofrelative humidity and temperature in which tests or experi-ments are conducted. (See also standa

44、rd atmosphere fortesting.) D13.51 D4920atmosphere for testing textiles, nfor glass, air maintained ata relative humidity of at least 48 % and no greater than 67 %and at a temperature of at least 20C (68F) and no greaterthan 25C (77F). D13.18 D7018attached cushion, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a ma

45、terial,bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floorcovering to provide additional dimensional stability,thickness, and padding. D13.21 D5684attached upholstery fabric, nthe exterior fabric coveringsecured to a furniture unit by the furniture manufacturer orcustom upholsterer. (See furnitur

46、e coverings)D13.63 D7023automatic lock slider, na slider that provides involuntary,positive locking action on the chain when the pull is releasedrestricting the movement of the slider to open the chainunless a stress is applied through the stringers that exceedsthe locking capacity of the slider. D1

47、3.54 D2050average dynamic air permeability (ADAP), nfor inflatablerestraints, the average of all of DAP measurements within aspecified range of pressure differentials. D13.20 D6799average fiber diameter, nthe arithmetic mean width of agroup of fibers. D13.13 D4845D123 13a13average fiber diameter, ni

48、n wool and other animal fibers,the average width of a group of fibers when measured on aprojected image. D13.13 D4845average fiber width, (m), nthe arithmetic mean width of aselected group of fibers in a two-dimensional image plane.D13.17 D6798azlon fiberSee azlonD7641.B-tuft, na two-pass process fo

49、r aligning hooked fibers on theFibroliner FL-101. D13.11 D7139back breakpoint, nin anatomy, the location on the back ofthe body where the arm separates from the body.D13.55 D5219back coating, nin textile floor covering, an adhesive com-pound applied for such purpose as locking pile yarn tufts intoa carpet backing, bonding a secondary backing to a primarybacking, or increasing fabric body