ASTM D123-2012 Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles 《纺织品相关的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: D123 12Standard Terminology Relating toTextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the

2、 year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminologydeveloped by Committee D13 on Textiles.1.1.1 This terminology, consists mostly of definitions,which are specific to the

3、 textile industry. Meanings of the sameterms used outside the textile industry can be found in othercompilations or in dictionaries of general usage.1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has juris-dictional responsibility for every item is the first attributionnoted after the definition. Th

4、e SC terminology standard inwhich all the terms and definitions appear is listed by numberafter the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entrycannot be changed without the approval of the subcommitteewhich has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation should alsoreview the SC terminology stand

5、ard listed for more details orinterpretations of these terms and their use by the SC havingjurisdiction.1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminol-ogy D123 is also a tool for managing the committeesterminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventingredundancies, that is,

6、 where two or more terms relating thesame concept are defined in different words. Redundancies canalso occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsi-bility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of man-aging terminology is th

7、e broad responsibility of every writer ofstandards, specifically the task group leader and subcommitteechairman.1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee com-pilations, this standard is comprised of the following sectionsthat are listed in the order in which they appear.1.4.1 Alphabetical

8、 listing of terms with definitions followedby SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 StandardsThat Have Been Withdrawn.1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology R

9、evision Procedures.1.4.6 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2050 Terminology Relating to Fasteners and ClosuresUsed with TextilesD3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather ProductsD3888 Termi

10、nology for Yarn Spinning SystemsD3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesD4845 Terminology Relating to WoolD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD48

11、50 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical,and Thermal PropertiesD5219 Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions for Ap-parel SizingD5253 Terminology Relating to Floor Coverings and Tex-tile Upholstered FurnitureD5646 Terminology Relat

12、ing to Seams and Stitches Used inHome SewingD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,Hose Reinforcing Wire, and FabricsD6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and LinenD6799 Terminology Relating to Inflatable RestraintsD6963 Terminology Relating

13、 to Sewn ProductsAutomationD7018 Terminology Relating to Glass Fiber and Its Prod-uctsD7022 Terminology Relating to ApparelD7023 Terminology Relating to Home FurnishingsD7139 Terminology for Cotton FibersD7722 Terminology Relating to Industrial Textile Stitchesand Seams1This terminology is under the

14、 jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D123 091. DOI:10.1520/D0123-12.2For referenced ASTM st

15、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken

16、, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with subcommittee juris-diction and attribution for each term.A-tuft, na single-pass process for aligning hook free fiberson the Fibroliner FL-101. D 13.11 D7139abrasion, nthe wearing away of any part of a material byrubb

17、ing against another surface. D13.60 D4850abrasion, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, a fuzzy cluster ofbroken filaments damaged by scraping. D13.20 D6799abrasion cycle, none complete movement across the surfaceof a material. D13.60 D4850abrasion mark, nan area damaged by friction.D13.59 D3990absolu

18、te humidity, nthe mass of water vapor present in aunit volume of air. (See humidity and relative humidity)D13.51 D4920absorbent compound, nin textile cleaning, sponge-likeparticles which, when saturated with water or dry solventand detergent and brushed into the textile, remove soil fromthe textile.

19、 See powder cleaner. D13.62 D5253absorbent pad, nfor cleaning textile floor coverings, a damptextile material (fabric, felt, sponge, or mop) used to agitateand wipe the pile and, in the process, absorb soil.D13.62 D5253absorption, na process in which one material (the absor-bent) takes in or absorbs

20、 another (the absorbate); as theabsorption of moisture by fibers. (See also adsorption, andmoisture equilibrium for testing. Compare desorption andresorption.) D13.51 D4920accelerated aging, nin textile processing and testing, the useof controlled environmental conditions to promote rapidphysical or

21、 chemical change in a textile material.D13.20 D6799acid content, nof felt, the number of milliequivalents of acidpresent per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribedconditions. D13.13 D4845acromion, nin anatomy, that part of the shoulder bladelocated at the end of the spine which articulates w

22、ith thecollar bone. (See also shoulder joint.) D13.55 D5219across back shoulder width, nthe horizontal distance acrossthe back from the top of one shoulder joint to the top of theother shoulder joint, taken with the arms down. D13.55D5219across front shoulder width, nthe horizontal distanceacross th

23、e front from the top of one shoulder joint to the topof the other shoulder joint, taken with the arms down.D13.55) D5219across shoulder, nin body measurements, the distance fromshoulder joint to shoulder joint across the back.D13.55 D5219acrylic fiberSee acrylic in D7641.adhesion, nthe property deno

24、ting the ability of a material toresist delamination or separation into two or more layers.D13.19 D6477adhesion, nin tire fabrics, the force required to separate atextile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definiteprescribed method. D13.19 D6477adhesive treated-tire cord, na tire cord whos

25、e adhesion torubber or other elastomer has been improved by the appli-cation of a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally)additional heat treatment. D13.19 D6477adsorption, na process in which the surface of a solid takeson or absorbs in an extremely thin layer molecules of gases,of dissolved sub

26、stances, or of liquids with which it is incontact. (See also absorption, moisture equilibrium oftesting. Compare desorption and resorption.)D13.51 D4920afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after theignition source has been removed. D13.92 D4391after-flame time, nthe length of time for which

27、 a materialcontinues to flame after the ignition source has been re-moved. D13.92 D4391afterglow, nglow in a material after the removal of anexternal ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material. (See also flame, glow,and smoldering.) D13.92 D4391afterglow ti

28、me, nthe time afterglow continues after thecessation of flaming or after removal of the ignition source.D13.92 D4391air-jet spinning machine, na machine that converts sliversof staple fibers into spun yarn using drafting rollers and avortex created by an airflow suction orifice. D13.58D3888air perme

29、ability, nthe rate of air flow passing perpendicularthrough a known area under a prescribed air pressuredifferential between the two surfaces of a material.D13.60 D4850air splice, nfor inflatable restraint fabrics, the thickerportion of a yarn resulting from the entanglement of thefilaments at the e

30、nds of two multifilament yarns to create acontinuous yarn. D13.20 D6799air-supported roof, na fabric roof-system that is properlysecured and primarily supported and held in place by airpressure. D13.59/D13.60 D4850air wicking, nin tires, the passage of air longitudinally alongor through yarns in a f

31、abric that has been encased and curedin rubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in theplane of the fabric. D13.19 D6477alkali solubility, nin wool, the percent of clean wool that issoluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlledconditions of temperature and time. D13.13 D4845A

32、ll-purpose, nan outerwear garment, often with a remov-able liner, which is suitable for use in many different weatherconditions. D13.61 D7022alpaca, nthe fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, ananimal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus).D13.13 D4845alternate grade reference line, nan optional i

33、nternal linewhose orientation is used for the “x” axis of a grade rule.D13.66 D6963American grain count, n direct yarn numbering system forexpressing linear density, equal to the mass in grains per 120yards of sliver or roving. D13.58 D4849amount, nin cotton fiber testing with the Length Analyzer,am

34、easure of the thickness or pneumatic density of the testD123 122beard, proportional to the number of fibers present at variousdistances from the base of the specimen clamp jaws.D13.11 D7139amount, nin cotton length testing with the Fibrograph,ameasure of the thickness, or optical density, of the tes

35、t beard,proportional to the number of fibers present at variousdistances from the comb(s). D13.11 D7139anidex fiberSee anidex in D7641.animal fiber, nany natural protein-base fiber. See D7641.ankle, nin anatomy, the joint between the foot and the lowerleg. D13.55 D5219ankle girth, nin body measureme

36、nts, the circumference ofthe leg over the greatest prominence of the ankle.D13.55 D5219ankle height, nin body measurements, with the subjectstanding barefoot, the distance from the center of theprominent outside ankle bone to the floor.D13.55 D5219ankle height (infant special case), nthe straight di

37、stancefrom the prominence of the outer ankle bone to the soles ofthe feet, taken with subject lying down flat with legsextended and the foot positioned at 1.57 rad (90) to the leg.D13.55 D5219annotation text, noptional user text that can be specificallydefined and displayed when the pattern piece is

38、 plotted.D13.66 D6963apex, nthe greatest protrusion of the breast as seen from theside. D13.53 D5219aqueous extract, nin wool testing, the solution obtained bydigesting a material with water or with a sodium chloridesolution to dissolve soluble materials. D13.13 D4845aramid fiberSee aramid in D7641.

39、architectural-use, nin the building trade, a descriptive termfor fabrics used in fabric roof-systems or similar industrialapplications. (See also fabric roof-system.)D13.59 D4850arm length, nin body measurements, with the arm bent at 90degrees and the clenched fist placed on the hip, the distancefro

40、m the shoulder joint along the outside of the arm over theelbow to the greatest prominence on the outside of the wrist.D13.55 D5219armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garmentthrough which the arm passes or into which a sleeve is fitted.(Compare armscye.) D13.55 D5219armpit, nin anatomy,

41、 the hollow under the junction of thearm and the shoulder. D13.55 D5219armscye, nin garment construction, the opening in a gar-ment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (Compare arm-hole.) D13.55 D5219armscye circumference, nin body measurements, with thearm hanging down, the distance from the sho

42、ulder jointthrough the front-break point, the armpit, the back-breakpoint and to the starting point. D13.55 D5219assembled button, na decorative button consisting of com-binations of similar or dissimilar materials, such as plasticand metal or metal and metal, which have been joinedtogether by such

43、processes as gluing, swedging or metalstamping. D13.54 D2050atmosphere for testing, nair at ambient conditions ofrelative humidity and temperature in which tests or experi-ments are conducted. (See also standard atmosphere fortesting.) D13.51 D4920atmosphere for testing textiles, nfor glass, air mai

44、ntainedat a relative humidity of at least 48 % and no greater than67 % and at a temperature of at least 20C (68F) and nogreater than 25C (77F). D13.18 D7018attached cushion, nfor pile yarn floor covering, a material,bonded to the backing fabric side of a pile yarn floorcovering to provide additional

45、 dimensional stability, thick-ness, and padding. D13.21 D5684attached upholstery fabric, nthe exterior fabric coveringsecured to a furniture unit by the furniture manufacturer orcustom upholsterer. (See furniture coverings)D13.63 D7023automatic lock slider, na slider that provides involuntary,positi

46、ve locking action on the chain when the pull is releasedrestricting the movement of the slider to open the chainunless a stress is applied through the stringers that exceedsthe locking capacity of the slider. D13.54 D2050average dynamic air permeability (ADAP), nfor inflatablerestraints, the average

47、 of all of DAP measurements within aspecified range of pressure differentials. D13.20 D6799average fiber diameter, nin wool and other animal fibers,the average width of a group of fibers when measured on aprojected image. D13.13 D4845azlon fiberSee azlon D7641.B-tuft, na two-pass process for alignin

48、g hooked fibers on theFibroliner FL-101. D13.11 D7139back breakpoint, nin anatomy, the location on the back ofthe body where the arm separates from the body.D13.55 D5219back coating, nin textile floor covering, an adhesive com-pound applied for such purpose as locking pile yarn tufts intoa carpet ba

49、cking, bonding a secondary backing to a primarybacking, or increasing fabric body or stiffness and increasingdimensional stability D13.63 D7023back side, nin textile materials, the side of the material thatfaces inward in the completed object. (Ant. face side, rightside. Syn wrongside.) D13.54 D5646back waist length, nin body measurements, the verticaldistance along the spine from the cervicale