ASTM C62-2013a Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)《砌砖(用粘土或页岩制实心砌块)标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: C62 13C62 13aStandard Specification forBuilding Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C62; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la

2、st revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick inten

3、ded for both structural and nonstructural masonry where external appearance is not arequirement. The brick are prismatic units available in a variety of sizes, shapes, textures, and colors. The specification does notcover brick intended for use as facing units or where surface appearance is a requir

4、ement. If brick are required to have a particularcolor, texture, finish, uniformity, or limits on cracks, warpage, or other imperfections detracting from the appearance they arepurchased under Specification C216. This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specifica

5、tionC902).1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extractedfrom masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 4) of this standardis beyond the scope of this standar

6、d.1.3 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatmentat elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents toprovide the strength and durability require

7、ments of this specification (see Terminology C1232).1.4 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way to describe thebrick.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footno

8、tes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not cons

9、idered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving BrickC1232 Terminology of Mas

10、onryE835/E835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clay and Concrete Masonry Units (Withdrawn 2011)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to building brick, refer to Terminology C1232.4. Classification4.1 Grades classify brick according to their resistance to damage by freezing when we

11、t, as defined in Note 1. Three grades arecovered and the grade requirements are shown in Table 1.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current edition

12、 approved June 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2013. Published June 2013December 2013. Originally approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asC62 12.C62 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0062-13.10.1520/C0062-13A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service

13、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous ve

14、rsion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes se

15、ction appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 Grade SW (Severe Weathering)Brick intended for use where high and uniform resistance to damage caused by cyclicfreezing is desired and wher

16、e the brick may be frozen when saturated with water.4.1.2 Grade MW (Moderate Weathering)Brick intended for use where moderate resistance to cyclic freezing damage ispermissible or where the brick may be damp but not saturated with water when freezing occurs.4.1.3 Grade NW (Negligible Weathering)Bric

17、k with little resistance to cyclic freezing damage but which are acceptable forapplications protected from water absorption and freezing.NOTE 1The word “saturated,” with respect to this standard, refers to the condition of a brick that has absorbed water to an amount equal to thatresulting from subm

18、ersion in room temperature water for 24 h.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityWhen Grade is not specified, the requirements for Grade SW shall govern.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsDesignationMinimum Compressive Strengthgross area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorptionby 5-h Boiling, %Maximum SaturationCo

19、efficientAAverage of5 Brick IndividualAverage of5 Brick IndividualAverage of5 Brick IndividualGrade SW 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80Grade MW 2500 (17.2) 2200 (15.2) 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90Grade NW 1500 (10.3) 1250 (8.6) no limit no limit no limit no limitA The saturation coefficient is the

20、 ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.Grade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering IndexLessthan 5050 to500500 andgreaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth MW or SW SW SWNot in contact with earth MW or SW SW SWIn oth

21、er than vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW SW SWNot in contact with earth MW or SW SW SWFIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesC62 13a25.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the Grade specified asprescribed in Table 1. For the comp

22、ressive strength requirements in Table 1, test the unit with the compressive force perpendicularto the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in the stretcher position.5.1.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient requirement does not apply, provided that the 24-h cold water absorptionof each

23、 of the five units tested does not exceed 8.0 %.5.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirements for 5 h boiling water absorption and saturation coefficient do notapply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting the strength requirements of Table 1, passes the freezing and thawing test asdescri

24、bed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures of Test Methods C67.NOTE 2The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used as an alternative only when the brick do not conform to either Table 1 requirements formaximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to the require

25、ments of the Absorption Alternate in 5.1.2.5.1.3.1 Grade SW: Breakage and Weight Loss RequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegrates resulting in a weightloss greater than 0.5 % of its original dry weight.5.1.3.2 Grade SW: Cracking RequirementNo individual unit develops a crack that exceed

26、s, in length, the units leastdimension.5.1.4 Low Weathering Index AlternativeIf the brick are intended for use exposed to weather where the weathering index isless than 50 (see Fig. 1), and unless otherwise specified, the requirements given in Table 1 for 5 h boiling water absorption andfor saturati

27、on coefficient shall not apply but the minimum average compressive strength requirement of 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) shallapply.NOTE 3Weathering Index: The effect of weathering on brick is related to the weathering index, which for any locality is the product of the averageannual number of freezing cycle

28、days and the average annual winter rainfall in inches defined as follows:3A Freezing Cycle Day is any day during which the air temperature passes either above or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezing cycledays in a year may be taken to equal the difference between the mean number of days du

29、ring which the minimum temperature was 32F or below andthe mean number of days during which the maximum temperature was 32F or below.Winter Rainfall is the sum, in inches, of the mean monthly corrected precipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between and including thenormal date of the f

30、irst killing frost in the fall and the normal date of the last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any period is equal tothe total precipitation less one tenth of the total fall of snow, sleet, and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.Fig. 1 indicates general areas in

31、 the United States which correspond to the weathering index categories listed. The index for geographic locations nearthe 50 line should be determined by an analysis of weather bureau local climatological summaries, with due regard to the effect of microclimateconditions, especially altitude.The use

32、 of Grade MW brick in a wall area above grade is structurally adequate in the severe weathering region, but Grade SW would provide a higherand more uniform degree of resistance to frost action. The degree of durability called for by Grade SW is not necessary for use in wall areas above gradein the m

33、oderate weathering region. Grade MW brick performs satisfactorily in wall areas above grade in the no-weathering region, where the averagecompressive strength of the units is at least 2500 psi (17.2 MPa). Grade SW brick should be used in any region when the units are in contact with theground, in ho

34、rizontal surfaces, or in any position where they are likely to be permeated with water.The recommended correlation between grade of building brick, weathering index, and exposure is found in Fig. 1. The specifier can use theserecommendations or use the grade descriptions and physical requirements al

35、ong with use exposure and local climatological conditions to select grade.5.2 StrengthWhen brick are required having strengths greater than prescribed by this specification, the purchaser shall specifyminimum strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Test results for initial rate of absorption (I

36、RA) shall be determined in accordance with theIRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) of Test Methods C67 and shall be furnished at the request of the specifier or purchaser. IRA isnot a qualifying condition or property of units in this specification. This property is measured in order to assist in mortar s

37、electionand material handling in the construction process. See Note 4.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)Both laboratory and field investigation have shown that strong and watertight joints between mortarand masonry units are not achieved by ordinary construction methods when the units as lai

38、d have excessive initial rates of absorption. Mortar that hasstiffened somewhat because of loss of excessive mixing water to a unit may not make complete and intimate contact with the second unit, resulting inpoor adhesion, incomplete bond, and water-permeable joints of low strength. The IRA of the

39、units is determined by the oven-dried procedure describedin the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) of Test Methods C67. IRA in the field depends on the moisture content of the masonry unit and is determined inaccordance with the IRA(Suction)Field Test of Test Methods C67. Units having average field IRA

40、exceeding 30 g/min per 30 in.2 (30 g/min 194 cm2)should have their IRA reduced below 30 g/min per 30 in.2 prior to laying. They may be wetted immediately before they are laid, but it is preferable towet them thoroughly 3 to 24 h prior to their use so as to allow time for moisture to become distribut

41、ed throughout the unit.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 SizeThe size of brick shall be as specified by the purchaser. The maximum permissible variation in dimensions ofindividual units shall not exceed those given in Table 2.NOTE 5For a list of modular sizes see Guide E835/E835M. Sizes li

42、sted in this standard are not produced in all parts of the United States. Brick namesdenoting sizes may be regional and, therefore, may not be included in all reference books. Purchasers should ascertain the size of brick available in theirlocality and should specify accordingly, stating the desired

43、 dimensions (width by height by length).3 Data needed to determine the weathering index for any locality may be found or estimated from the tables of Local Climatological DataAnnual Summary withComparative Data available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.C62 13a37. Finish and

44、Appearance7.1 The brick, as delivered to the site, shall, by visual inspection, conform to the requirements specified by the purchaser or tothe sample or samples approved as the standard of comparison and to the samples passing the tests for physical requirements.Minor indentations or surface cracks

45、 incidental to the usual method of manufacture, or the chipping resulting from the customarymethods of handling in shipment and delivery, shall not be deemed grounds for rejection.7.2 The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, and surface treatments, including coatings, that would interfere w

46、ith theproper setting of the brick or significantly impair the strength or performance of the construction.7.3 A delivery of brick is permitted to contain not more than 5 % broken brick.8. Coring and Frogging8.1 CoringUnless otherwise specified in the invitation for bids, brick shall be either solid

47、 or cored at the option of the seller.The net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores shall be at least 75 % of thegross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. No part of any hole shall be less than 34 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge ofthe

48、brick.8.2 FroggingUnless otherwise specified in the invitation for bids, one bearing face of each brick may have a recess or panelfrog and deep frogs. The recess or panel frog shall not exceed 38 in. (9.5 mm) in depth and no part of the recess or panel frog shallbe less than 34 in. (19.1 mm) from an

49、y edge of the brick. In brick containing deep frogs, frogs deeper than 38 in. (9.5 mm), anycross-section through the deep frogs parallel to the surface containing the deep frogs shall conform to the requirements of 8.1.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordance with applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimens for tests. The place or places of selection shall be designated whenthe purchase order is placed.NOTE 6Unless otherwise specified in the purchase o