[计算机类试卷]软件水平考试中级网络工程师上午基础知识(计算机专业英语)历年真题试卷精选1及答案与解析.doc
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1、软件水平考试中级网络工程师上午基础知识(计算机专业英语)历年真题试卷精选 1及答案与解析 0 Traditional IP packet forwarding analyzes the (71) IP address contained in thenetwork layer header of each packet as the packet travels from its source to its final destination A router analyzes the destination IP address independently at each hop in th
2、e network Dynamic(72)protocols or static configuration builds the database needed to analyze the destination IP address(the routing table) The process of implementing traditional IP routing also is called hop by-hop destination-based (73) routing Although successful, and obviously widely deployed, c
3、ertain restrictions,which have been realized for some time exist for this method of packet forwarding that diminish its (74) New techniques are therefore required to address and expand the functionality of an IP based network infrastructure This first chapter concentrate on identifying these restric
4、tions and presents a new architecture, known as multipleprotocol(75) switching, that provides solutions to some ofthese restrictions (2013年上半年试题 ) 1 (71) ( A) datagram ( B) destination ( C) connection ( D) service 2 (72) ( A) routing ( B) forwarding ( C) transmission ( D) management 3 (73) ( A) anyc
5、ast ( B) multicast ( C) broadcast ( D) unicast 4 (74) ( A) reliability ( B) flexibility ( C) stability ( D) capability 5 (75) ( A) const ( B) cast ( C) mark ( D) 1abel 5 Let us now see how randomization is done when a collision occurs After a(71), time is divided into discrete slots whose length is
6、equal to the worst-case round-trip propagation time on the ether(2t) To accommodate the longest path allowed by Ethernet, the slot tome has been set to 512 blt times, or 51 2gsec.After the first collision, each station waits either 0 or (72)times before trying again If two stations collide and each
7、one picks the same random number, they will collide again After the second collision, each one picks either 0, 1, 2, or3 at random and waits that number of slot times If a third collision occurs(the probability of this happening is 0 25),then the next time the number ofslots to wait is chosen at (73
8、)from the interval 0 to 23-1 In general, after i collisions, a random number between 0 and 2i-1 is chosen, and that number of slots is skipped However, after ten collisions have been reached, the randomization (74)is frozen at a maximum of 1023 slots After 16 collisions, the controller throws in the
9、 towel and reports failure back to the computer Further recovery is up to (75)layers (2012年下半年试题 ) 6 71 ( A) datagram ( B) collision ( C) connection ( D) service 7 72 ( A) slot ( B) switch ( C) process ( D) fire 8 73 ( A) rest ( B) random ( C) once ( D) odds 9 74 ( A) unicast ( B) multicast ( C) bro
10、adcast ( D) interval 10 75 ( A) local ( B) next ( C) higher ( D) lower 10 The TCP protocolis a (71) layer protoc01 Each connection connects two TCPs that may be just one physical network apart or located on opposite sides of the globe.In other words, each connection creates a (72)witha length that m
11、ay be totally different from another path created by another connection This means that TCP cannot use the same retransmission time for all connections Selecting a fixed retransnussion time for all connections can result in serious consequences If the retransmission time does not allow enough time f
12、or a (73)to reach the destination and an acknowledgment to reach the source, it can result in retransmission of segments that are still on the way Conversely, if the retransmission time is longer than necessary for a short path,it may result in delay for the application programs Even for one single
13、connection, the retransmission time should not be fixed A connection may be able to send segments and receive (74)faster during nontraffic period than during congested periods TCP uses the dynamic retransmission time, a transmission time is different for each connection and which may be changed duri
14、ng the same connection Retransmission time can be made (75)by basing iton the round trip time(RTT) Several formulas are used for this purpose.(2012年上半年试题 ) 11 (71) ( A) physical ( B) network ( C) transport ( D) application 12 (72) ( A) path ( B) window ( C) response ( D) process 13 (73) ( A) process
15、 ( B) segment ( C) program ( D) user 14 (74) ( A) connections ( B) requests ( C) acknowledgments ( D) datagrams 15 (75) ( A) 10ng ( B) short ( C) fixed ( D) dynamic 15 A transport layer protocol usually has several responsibilties One is to create a process to process communication UDP uses(71)numbe
16、rs to accomplish this Another responsibility is to provide control mechanisms at the transport level UDP does this task at a very minimal level There is no flow control mechanism and there is no(72)for received packet UDP, however, does provide error control to some extent If UDP detects an error in
17、 the received packet, it will silently drop it The transport layer also provides a connection mechanism for the processes The (73)must be able to send streams of data to the transport layer It is the responsibility of the transport layer at(74)station to make the connection with the receiver chop th
18、e stream into transportable units, number them, and send them one by one it is the responsibility of the transport layer at thereceiving end to wait until all the different units belonging to the same process have arrived, check and pass those that are (75)free, and deliver them to the receiving pro
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