[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷846及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 846及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you

2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 English Essay As the beginning of a series of lectures on essay writing, I will discuss with you about how to write a good English

3、 essay. I . Problems of writing essays A. reason inability to meet essay【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ B. result spend countless hours, and receive a【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ C. solutions get on the【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ be exposed to essay【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ II.【 T5】 _of a good essay【 T5】 _ A.【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ title -【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ body sec

4、tion -【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ B. topic students feel【 T9】 _about【 T9】 _ readers find【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ III. Importance of writing essays A. as an【 T11】 _of students【 T11】 _ through English essay writing through English essay in the【 T12】 _semester of studying【 T12】 _ B. as a【 T13】 _on the worth of a writer【 T1

5、3】 _ C. useful to make【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ with respect to work or【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be di

6、vided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the b

7、est answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） It is Alice McDermotts masterpiece. （ B） It took Alice McDermott seven years to finish it. （ C） It is about an ordinary womans unremarkable life. （ D） It is Alice McDermotts first new novel in the

8、 past seven years. （ A） It began as something bigger but was narrowed down at last. （ B） It was being much heard of. （ C） It was about a quite appealing character. （ D） It had been mentioned in literature before. （ A） She is a very appealing person. （ B） She is a common woman. （ C） She is a child wi

9、th double character. （ D） She is a woman with double life. （ A） They had no freedom of speaking in public. （ B） They dared not express their opinions. （ C） They were not interested in speaking out. （ D） They had no ideas about what to say. （ A） Because she wants to please her parents who were first-

10、generation Irish Catholics. （ B） Because she is obsessed with things in that era. （ C） Because she wants to defend the woman against injustice. （ D） Because she finds it attractive to study the womans life. （ A） They tend to express less than they think. （ B） They are kept from seeing and saying. （

11、C） They speak little for a cultural reason. （ D） They have their own language. （ A） She didnt tell Alice McDermott too much about herself. （ B） She thought no one was listening to her. （ C） She told Alice McDermott much of her life. （ D） She told Alice McDermott where to end her story. （ A） She want

12、s the character to tell the story by herself. （ B） She wants to try another narrative method. （ C） She assumes the character to be herself. （ D） She prefers the first person to the third person. （ A） Grammatical person does not have too much difference in writing. （ B） Grammatical person weighs a lo

13、t in writing. （ C） Do not hang on one grammatical person in writing. （ D） Do not change your initial choice of grammatical person in writing. （ A） It creates the rhythm, the beauty and the music. （ B） It makes the story accessible to us. （ C） It makes sentences as important as the content. （ D） It v

14、alues most in all the books. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25

15、Think that little plastic castle in your goldfish tank is just decoration? Not so, say scientists. Having such obstacles and spatial variety might be making Goldie smarter. When humans first started keeping animals in captivity, we kind of sucked at it. Even when we met an animals every obvious need

16、nutrition, water, shelter, etcsome just didnt do well. As we learned more about the minds of animals, we realized that they needed more than sustenance, and the concept of enrichment was born. Since the 1980s, captive animal facilities have been required to provide an adequate physical environment t

17、o promote the psychological well-being of species like primates and marine mammals. Most zoos and aquariums go above and beyond the mandate, insisting that the animals emotional and mental health is paramount. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums even goes as far as to state that enrichment is “as

18、critical to an animals well-being as having the right food and medical care. “ Usually, the focus is on the smarter animals, with enrichment entailing activities like giving monkeys toys to play with, or placing an octopus dinner in a sealed jar for it to open. Fish arent exactly known for their sma

19、rts, but that doesnt mean they wont benefit from an enriched environment, too. New research has found that fish brains are boosted when humans add a little variety and diversity to their life, and this knowledge may help conserve key species. The international team of researchers led by Penn States

20、Victoria Braithwaite studied how the brains of juvenile Atlantic Salmon developed based on the environment they are raised in. Some of the fish they raised in your classic aquaculture tanksboring, simple, and unadorned. Others they enriched with rocks and plants to create a three-dimensional environ

21、ment much more akin to what these fish would experience in their native habitat. They then tested the fishs smarts by seeing how quickly they could escape from a maze. They reported their results in this weeks issue of the Proceedings of The Royal Society B. The fish raised in the enriched tanks mad

22、e fewer errors and escaped the maze much faster than their counterparts. “That enriched fish made fewer mistakes suggests that they were better at learning and then improving their performance through a trial-and-error process during the 7 days of testing,“ explain the authors. This cognitive improv

23、ement correlated to increased expression of NeuroDl in their forebrains, a transcription factor associated with neurogenesis(神经生成 )and memory in a number of vertebrate(有脊椎的 )species. This is the first time an effect of enrichment has been found to positively facilitate both neural plasticity and spa

24、tial learning in fish. The team hopes that their research and the growing body of literature on fish will help hatcheries(孵卵处 )and aquariums raise smarter, healthier fish. For wild restocking programs, such increased intelligence could make the difference between success and failure. The United Stat

25、es rears millions of fish every year in an attempt to boost popular fisheries species and restore depleted populations. In New York State alone, roughly 1 million pounds of captive-raised fish are released every year. But there is a problem with populating wild stocks from captive-bred fish: the one

26、s raised in tanks dont fare well in the real world. “Animals that are reared in captivity and subsequently released are at a considerable disadvantage because they are behaviorally ill-equipped to deal with the novel environment,“ explain the authors. “The philosophy of most fish hatcheries is to re

27、ar a large number of fish and hope some survive,“ said Braithwaite. But if the fish were smarter, you might not need so many of them. “What this study is suggesting is that you could raise fewer, but smarter fish, and you will still have higher survivability once you release them. “ This study also

28、suggests that proper enrichment may help keep aquarium fish happy and healthy, from the largest sharks to the smallest guppies. Hobby aquarists take note: a few new ornaments or moving around things in a tank will keep your pet fishs brain engaged. Of course, you might not want your fish to be too m

29、uch smarterif theyre anything like mine, a little brain boost might be a bit of a mess. 26 Victoria Braithwaites study has found out that_. （ A） smarter animals benefit more from enriched circumstance （ B） fish is better at learning and improving performance （ C） diversified environment improves fis

30、hs cognitive level （ D） NeuroDl is correlated with neurogenesis and memory 27 What can we learn from the new research? （ A） Hatcheries and aquariums should raise smarter and healthier fish. （ B） The disadvantage of captive-reared fish is caused by ill-equipped habitat. （ C） Enriched habitat can rais

31、e survivability of released captive-bred fish. （ D） More intelligent fish may be too hard for hobby aquarists to rear. 28 What is the best title for the passage? （ A） School Fish by Enriching Their Habitat. （ B） How to Cultivate Intelligent Creature. （ C） Researches on Enriched Environment. （ D） App

32、roaches to Enhance Mental Health. 28 Illegal public art is in the news. The most notorious instance this summer was the switch of flags on the Brooklyn Bridge, by two German artists, from the Stars and Stripes to all-white versions of the same. Others include a Canadian artists scrawls, partly in bl

33、ood, on a wall in the Jeff Koons retrospective at the Whitney Museum and, in Moscow, the painting of a star ornament atop a Stalin-era tower, in Ukrainian national colors. Internationally, the British midnight muralist(壁画家 )Banksy continues his waggish depredations(掠夺 ), rivalled of late by a female

34、 upstart called Bambi, who likewise stencils images, only with a sexy-feminist spin. The over-all phenomenon could use a nameI propose Stunt artand some analysis, starting with distinctions. As a category of volunteer art, Stunt art borders the genres of spray-can graffiti and spectacular illegal sp

35、ort, such as scaling or parachuting from tall buildings. I would set both apart as pursuits undertaken rather strictly for the personal satisfaction or the in-group competition of the performers, although each presents hard cases: glorious graffiti murals like the ones that now, deplorably, are bein

36、g demolished along with the famed 5 Pointz warehouse building in Long Island City andreturn with me to the New York dark age of 1974Philippe Petits breathtaking stroll on a rope between the Twin Towers. Any illicit work or action bids to be Stuntist if its beholders pause in unwilled wonderment. Stu

37、ntists may have explicit political aims, like those of the pro-Ukrainian Muscovites, or the protesters who recently hung a Palestinian flag from the Manhattan Bridge. But all Stunt art at least impinges on politics by exposing the fragility of certain rules and customs that govern civic order. And a

38、ll Stuntists aresay it vandals, in no matter how benign descent from the sackers of Rome, in the year 455.(One account of that occasion tells that Pope Leo the Great, modelling official flexibility in face of unruly expression, persuaded the Vandal chief to forbear destroying the city and, instead,

39、to be content with mere pillage.)Stuntists usurp physical sites that they dont own, as well as the time of peoplepolice, cleanup workerswhom they dont employ. Are we mad yet? Common reactions range from citizenly umbrage(愤怒 )to anarchic empathy, at alternate effects of disruption and charm. We may b

40、e of both minds at once, as Ive been about the Brooklyn Bridge flag team of Matthias Wermke and Mischa Leinkauf, who fled to Berlin after savoring the immediate aftermath of their feat. Our indelible post-9/11 dread, often centered on bridges and tunnels, doesnt conduce to indulgent humor, and the f

41、illip(刺激 )of an infraction(侵害 )in full view of N. Y. P. D. headquarters doesnt purely thrill.(Let them vex their own cops.)But, then, the thing was so neatly done, a balm to the eye and delicately ambiguous in the mind. Wermke and Leinkauf told a Guardian reporter, Philip Oltermann, of regretting th

42、at they may never again be admitted to the United States. They are consoled by their memories of the dawn hours of July 22nd, a Tuesday. Leinkauf poetically recalls, “Everything was really peaceful. Life in the streets slowly awoke: people walked their dogs, the first tourists popped up, people made

43、 their way to work. “ They spoke with passers-by. Says Leinkauf, “A burly American with a cowboy hat“ remarked, “ Did Brooklyn surrender to Manhattan? I mean what else do white flags mean? “ The artist continues, “ I dont know, I answered, White also means peace. He laughed and said: Oh yes, New Yor

44、k surrendered and America is the most peaceful country in the world. Thats a little acrid and a lot fun. The prospect of a direct response, rippling through a populace, inspires Stunt art, which pointedly evades the commercial and institutional rat mazes that channel careers in art today. Imagine th

45、at youre an artist driven by the primal will to make a mark on the world. You have the phone numbers and e-addresses of dealers and curators. What they represent depresses you. Rejecting it, might you start to scheme? Stuntism is to art as weeds are to horticulture: plants in the wrong place. Author

46、ities, social or botanical, define the wrongness, which becomes more arbitrary the more you think about it. Some weeds are as lovely as tulips. A superb gardener I know welcomes the sceptered majesty of common mullein(distinct from the mannerly hybrid varieties)wherever it opts to sprout. So may it

47、be with Stunt art, in a time given to fanatical constraints on human-natural cussedness. 29 The author illustrates the_of Stunt art in the second paragraph. （ A） motive （ B） origin （ C） influence （ D） definition 30 Which can best summarize the relation of “But all Stunt art at least impinges on poli

48、tics“ with the previous statement in the third paragraph? （ A） Progressive. （ B） Disjunctive. （ C） Contractive. （ D） Illustrative. 31 According to the sixth paragraph, which of the following statements BEST reflects the authors opinion? （ A） It is a lot of fun that America is the most peaceful count

49、ry in the world. （ B） Stunt artists pointedly evade commercial and institutional careers. （ C） The primal motive of Stunt art is to attract public attention. （ D） Artists should reject the attraction of the dealers and curators. 32 What is the authors attitude towards Stunt art? （ A） Disgusted. （ B） Tolerant. （ C） Admiring. （ D） Critic