[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷569及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 569及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.

2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge Research finds that there are three methods with which big companies k

3、eep their advantages, and researchers name them three different value disciplines. 1) Discipline of【 1】 _Excellence: 【 1】 _ The company wins through cost. These companies usually try to provide customers with【 2】 _and 【 2】_ easy service, or both. They may also try their best to cut cost. Price/Costc

4、o is an example. 2) Discipline of Product【 3】 _: 【 3】 _ This kind of companies usually win with product. These companies attract customers mainly by continuously【 4】 _their product or services. 【 4】 _ In order to achieve this purpose, they have to challenge themselves in three ways: a) They must be【

5、 5】 _ ; 【 5】 _ b) They must commercialize their【 6】 _ quickly; 【 6】 _ c) They must keep【 7】 _ 【 7】 _ 3) Discipline of Customer Intimacy: Companies of this kind mainly win with intimate【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ Intimate customer relation is like the relation between close neighbours. These companies usually try

6、to provide what a particular customer wants rather than what the【 9】 _ wants in general. 【 9】 _ These companies regard it important to understand customers and their need. 【 10】 _ is the greatest assets to these companies. What they value is 【 10】_ not instant profit, but relationships. Cable a nutt

7、y little corner of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question “Why?“ appears to be “Why not?“ Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge. One day a car rear-ended one of the citys minibuses. The bus driver got out t

8、o investigate. While he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off. Neither passenger nor bus was ever seen again. Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers were overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale

9、croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of moldy breakfast rolls, the questions remained: Who? Why? And what else could still be up there? But Naples actually isnt so funny. Italys third largest city, with 1.1 million people, has a much darker side, where chaos reigns: bag snatching and

10、 mugging, clogged streets of stupefying confusion, where traffic moves to mysterious laws of its own through multiple intersections whose traffic lights havent functioned for months, maybe years if they have lights at all. Packs of wild dogs roam the citys main park. Nineteen policemen on the anti-n

11、arcotics squad are arrested for accepting payoffs from the Camorra, the local Mafia. To many Italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. To them Naples means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, rampant organized crime, appallingly large

12、families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work. Nepolitans know their reputation. “People think nothing ever gets done here,“ said a young professional woman. “Sometimes they say, Surely you come from Milan. You come from Naples? Naples?“ Giovanni del For

13、no, an insurance executive, told me about his flight home from a northern Italian city, the plane waited on the tarmac for half an hour for a gate to become available. “And I began to hear the comments around me: well, here we are in Naples,“ he said with a wince. “These comments make me suffer.“ Ne

14、politans may complain, but most cant conceive of living anywhere else. The city has the intimacy, tension, and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. The people have the same perverse pride as New Yorkers. They love even the things that dont work, and they love being Neapolitans. They kn

15、ow outsiders dont get it, and they dont care. “Even if you go away,“ one woman said, “you remain a prisoner of this city. My city has many problems, but away from it I feel bad.“ This is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal. Naples has survived wars, revolutions, floods, earthqu

16、akes, and eruptions of nearby Vesuvius. First a wealthy colony founded by the Greeks (who called it Neapolis, or “new city“, then a flourishing Roman resort, it lived through various incarnations under dynasties of Normans, Swabians, Austrians, Spanish, and French, not to mention a glorious period a

17、s the resplendent capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. It was a brilliant, cultivated city that once ranked with London and Paris. The Nunziatella, the oldest military school in Italy, still basks in its two centuries of historic glory; the Teatro San Carlo remains one of the greatest opera h

18、ouses in the world. The treasures of Pompeii grace the National Museum. Stretched luxuriantly between mountains and sea along the curving coast of the Bay of Naples, full of ornate palaces, gardens, churches, and works of art, with its mild climate and rich folklore, Naples in the last century was b

19、eloved by artists and writers. The most famous response to this magnificence was the comment by an unknown admirer, “See Naples and die.“ Today that remark carries less poetic connotations. The bombardments of World War II were followed by the depredations of profiteers and politicians-for-rent who

20、reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of itself, surviving on government handouts. Until five years ago city governments were cobbled together by warring political factions; some mayors lasted only a few months. A cholera outbreak in 1973 was followed in 1980 by a major earthquake. Its famous por

21、t has withered (though the U.S. Sixth Fleet command is still based just up the coast), industries have failed, tourists have fled, natives have moved out? it seems that only drug trafficking is booming. “Unlivable,“ the Nepolitans say. “Incomprehensible“. “Martyred“. 19 The two examples in the secon

22、d and third paragraphs intend to show that_. （ A） Naples has a high incidence of traffic accidents （ B） anything extraordinary can happen in Naples （ C） people there love to store food for years （ D） everything appears to be on the wrong side 20 The following words are appropriate to describe traffi

23、c conditions in Naples EXCEPT_. （ A） disorder （ B） overcrowding （ C） insecurity （ D） inefficiency 21 It can be concluded from the passage that the Northerners_. （ A） are critical of what Naples represents （ B） sympathize with Neopolitans （ C） share many things with Nepolitans （ D） make every effort

24、to shun Neopolitans 22 The author implies that Nepolitans affection for the city_. （ A） was unrealistic （ B） went a bit too far （ C） was extraordinary （ D） gave rise to concern 23 When the author says “Today that remark carries less poetic connotations,“ he actually means that_. （ A） the city can no

25、w boast very few poets （ B） artists and writers have left for London and Paris （ C） the city underwent heavy bombing during the War （ D） the citys present problems obscured its glorious past 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. C

26、hoose the best answer to each question. 24 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） The Bill of Rights excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession. （ B） The Bill of Rights confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy. （ C） The Bill of Rights guaranteed free speech within both th

27、e House of Lords and the House of Commons. （ D） The Bill of Rights requested that no taxes should be raised without consent of the Parliament. 25 The political theory underlining the Declaration of Independence came from （ A） Thomas Jefferson （ B） George Washington （ C） British philosopher John Lock

28、e （ D） American philosopher John Locke 26 Who is the author of “Common Sense“? （ A） Thomas Jefferson （ B） Benjamin Franklin （ C） Thomas Moore （ D） Thomas Paine 27 The term of “Father of Waters“ is used to refer to_. （ A） the Amazon River （ B） the Mississippi River （ C） the Nile River （ D） the Hudson

29、 River 28 The avenger in the novel The Scarlet Letter is _. （ A） Dimmesdale （ B） Chillingworth （ C） Gatsby （ D） Captain Ahab 29 As modem linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be_. （ A） pre

30、scriptive （ B） sociolinguistic （ C） psycholinguistic （ D） descriptive 30 Syntactic change includes all the following EXCEPT _. （ A） rule loss （ B） affix loss （ C） rule addition （ D） rule change 31 Which of the following is the worlds smallest continent? （ A） Asia. （ B） Australia. （ C） Europe. （ D） A

31、frica. 32 In English, nouns, verbs, adjectives and _ make up the largest part of the vocabulary, the open classes. （ A） pronouns （ B） adverbs （ C） prepositions （ D） articles 33 _ is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population. （ A） British Columbia （ B） Ontario （ C） Al

32、berta （ D） Quebec. 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING but the misfortune is that they infect the minds and influence the conduct, even of our gentlemen; of those, I mean, Who have every title to this appellation but an exemption from prejudice, which however, in my opinion, ought to be regarded as the characte

33、ristical mark of a gentleman; for let a mans birth be ever so high, his station ever so exalted, or his fortune ever so large, yet if he is not free from national and other prejudices, I should make bold to tell him that he had a low and vulgar mind, and had no just claim to the character of a gentl

34、eman. And in fact, you will always find that those are most apt to boast of national merit, who have little or no merit of their own to depend on. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 46 At present, China is considering whether or not

35、 to push back the retirement age. The topic has been hotly debated since it first surfaced. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: Should the Retirement Age be Pushed Back? In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and

36、in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may

37、result in a loss of marks. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 569答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling ta

38、sk after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Good morning, everybody. Today we are going to talk about how big compan

39、ies manage to keep their ad vantages. The title for this lecture can be “How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge“. A research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. It must in stead find the unique value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. We have iden

40、tified three distinct value disciplines. We name the first value discipline operational excellence, the second discipline product leadership, and the last discipline customer intimacy. Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company aban dons the other two, only that it picks a dimens

41、ion of value on which to stake its market reputation over the long term. Now lets look at these disciplines one by one. The first value discipline, as we just mentioned, is operational excellence. These companies mainly win through cost. Operationally excellent companies deliver a combination of qua

42、lity, price, and ease of purchase that no one else in their market can match. They are not product or service innovators, nor do they cultivate one-to-one relationships with customers. They execute extraordinarily well, and their proposition to customers is guaranteed low price or convenient service

43、, or both. Let me give you an example. Price/Costco is a chain of warehouse club stores. It doesnt provide a particularly rich selection of merchandise-only 3,500 items, vs. 50,000 or more in competing stores. But as a customer, you dont have to spend much time deliberating over what brand of coffee

44、 or home appliance to select. Price/Costco saves you that hassle by choosing for you. The company carries out rigorous evaluation of leading brands and shrewd purchasing of just the one brand in each category that represents the best value. That is a good idea, isnt it? Well, now lets move on to the

45、 second value discipline, which we call product leadership. Companies that follow this discipline usually win with great products. These companies concentrate on offering products with a continuously improving performance. Their proposition to customers is an offer of the best product, period. Moreo

46、ver, product leaders do not build their positions with just one innovations they continue to innovate year after year, product cycle after product cycle. Then how can a company continuously put forward new great products? To do this, they usually have to challenge themselves in three ways. First, th

47、ey must be creative. Being creative means recognizing and embracing ideas that may come from anywhere, both in and out of the company. Second, they must commercialise their ideas quickly. Third and the most important, they must firmly pursue ways to surpass their own latest products or services. If

48、anyone is going to render their technology obsolete, they prefer to do it themselves. OK, its probably time to talk about the third discipline. You see, we call it customer intimacy just now, and many companies do win through customer intimacy. A company that delivers value via customer intimacy builds bonds with customers like those between good neighbours. Customer-intimate companies dont deliver what the market wants but what a specific customer wants. The customer-intimate company regard it important to know the people it sells to and the products and services they need. It